Archamoebae

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Archamoebae
Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Phylum: Amoebozoa
Clade: Evosea
Subphylum: Conosa
Infraphylum: Archamoebae
Cavalier-Smith 1998
Class: Archamoebea
Cavalier-Smith 1993, sensu Cavalier-Smith 2004
Orders and families
Synonyms
  • Karyoblastea Margulis & Schwartz 1982
  • Peloflagellatea Goodkov & Seravin 1991
  • Caryoblastea
  • Entamoebea Cavalier-Smith 1991
  • Rhizoflagellata Saville Kent 1880
  • Mastigamoebomonada Starobogatov & Seravin 1980

The Archamoebae are a group of protists originally thought to have evolved before the acquisition of mitochondria by eukaryotes.[1] They include genera that are internal parasites or commensals of animals (Entamoeba and Endolimax). A few species are human pathogens, causing diseases such as amoebic dysentery. The other genera of archamoebae live in freshwater habitats and are unusual among amoebae in possessing flagella. Most have a single nucleus and flagellum, but the giant amoeba Pelomyxa has many of each.

Description

Archamoebae are a diverse group of

mitosomes.[2]

Habitat

They thrive and live in soil, freshwater, and marine habitats.

History

The group Archamoebae was proposed by

rRNA supported this position, placing several Archamoebae genera as separate groups that diverged from other eukaryotes very early on, suggesting that the absence of mitochondria was a primitive condition.[4] However, soon thereafter genetic remnants of mitochondria were found in various Archamoebae, suggesting that these organisms had diverged after the evolution of mitochondria, but had lost their mitochondria over time, and are more closely related to various amoebae and slime molds.[1]

Phylogeny

The following cladogram summarizes the known relationships between the different families of Archamoebae.[2]

Archamoebae
Entamoebida

Entamoebidae

Pelobiontida
Mastigamoebina

Mastigamoebidae

Rhizomastixidae

Pelomyxina

Pelomyxidae

Taxonomy

Infraphylum Archamoebae Cavalier-Smith 1993 stat. nov. 1998[2][5][6][7][8]

  • Class Archamoebea Cavalier-Smith 1983 stat. nov. 2004
    • Order
      Entamoebida
      Cavalier-Smith 1993
    • Order
      Pelobiontida
      Page 1976 em. Cavalier Smith 1987
      • Suborder
        Pelomyxina
        Starobogatov 1980
        • Family
          Pelomyxidae
          Shulze 1877 em. Cavalier-Smith 2016
      • Suborder
        Mastigamoebina
        (Frenzel 1897) Pánek et al. 2016

Archamoebae incertae sedis

  • Genus Endamoeba Leidy 1879
  • Genus
    Mastigina
     Frenzel 1897
  • Family
    Tricholimacidae
    Cavalier-Smith 2013

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 9780080493749
    . Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  2. ^
    PMID 23312407
    .
  3. S2CID 6557779
    .
  4. ^
    doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-1878(199801)20:1<87::aid-bies12>3.0.co;2-4
    . Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  5. PMID 27001604
    .
  6. ISBN 978-2-9555841-0-1
    .
  7. PMID 28505375
    .
  8. PMID 26826602
    .


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