Archbishop of Dublin (Catholic Church)

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Archbishop of Dublin
Archbishopric
catholic
Incumbent:
His Grace
Location
CountryIreland
Information
First holderDúnán, Bishop of Dublin
Established1028
CathedralSt Mary's Pro-Cathedral
Website
dublindiocese.ie

The Archbishop of Dublin (

Saint Mary's Pro-Cathedral in Dublin city, although the Church formally claims Christ Church as its cathedral, and the archbishop's residence is Archbishop's House in Drumcondra
.

As of 2022, the incumbent ordinary is Dermot Farrell, who was installed on 2 February 2021.[1]

The office is not to be confused with a similar role in the Church of Ireland, though both claim a common descent from the head of the Norse Diocese of Dublin, appointed in 1028, and the elevation of the see in 1152.

History

Before the Diocese

What became the Dublin area was Christian long before it had a distinct diocese, and the remains and memory of monasteries famous before that time, at Finglas, Glasnevin, Glendalough, Kilnamanagh, Rathmichael, Swords, Tallaght, among others, are witness to the faith of earlier generations, and to a flourishing church life in their time. Several of these functioned as "head churches" and the most powerful of all was Glendalough. In the early church in Ireland, the church had a monastic basis, with the greatest power vested in the abbots of major communities. There were bishops but not organised dioceses in the modern sense, and the offices of abbot and bishop were often held by one person. Some early "Bishops of Dublin", back to 633, are mentioned in Ware's Antiquities of Ireland but the Diocese of Dublin is not considered to have begun until 1038, and when Ireland began to see organised dioceses, all of the current Diocese of Dublin, and more, were comprised in the Diocese of Glendalough.

The Norse diocese and early bishops

Following a reverted conversion by one

Donat (or Donagh, Dúnán or Donatus) to be consecrated at Canterbury, England, in 1038, and the new prelate set up the Diocese of Dublin as a small territory within the walled city, over which he presided until 1074. Sitric also provided for the building of Christ Church Cathedral in 1038 "with the lands of Baldoyle, Raheny and Portrane for its maintenance."[2]

The Bishop of Dublin answered to the

Diocese of Glendalough
. It was incorporated into the system of Irish dioceses in 1152.

The second Bishop of Dublin was Patrick or

Donat O'Haingly), 1085–1095, consecrated at Canterbury, and in turn succeeded by his nephew, Samuel Ua hAingliu (Samuel O'Haingly) (1096–1121), consecrated by St. Anselm at Winchester
.

From 1121, the fifth and last Bishop of Dublin was one Gréne (Gregory), consecrated at

Ralph, Archbishop of Canterbury
.

Reorganisation of the Church in Ireland, 1152

Then, in 1151,

Cardinal Paparo to go to Ireland and establish four metropolitans, and at a general synod at Kells in 1152, Armagh, Dublin, Cashel and Tuam were created archepiscopal sees. In a document drawn up by the then Archbishop of Tuam
in 1214, the cardinal is described as finding both a bishop based in Dublin, who at the time exercised his episcopal office within the city walls only, and "He found in the same Diocese another church in the mountains, which likewise had the name of a city [Glendalough] and had a certain chorepiscopus. But he delivered the pallium to Dublin which was the best city and appointed that the diocese (Glendalough) in which both these cities were should be divided, and that one part thereof should fall to the metropolitan." The part of North County Dublin known as Fingall was taken from Glendalough Diocese and attached to Dublin City. The new Archdiocese had 40 parishes, in deaneries based on the old senior monasteries. All dependence upon English churches such as Canterbury was also ended by the synod.

Early Archbishops

Gregory, the existing Bishop of Dublin, was elevated as the first Archbishop, with the Bishops of Kildare, Ossory, Leighlin, Ferns, and Glendalough reporting to him. The second Archbishop was Lorcán Ua Tuathail (Saint Laurence O'Toole), previously Abbot of Glendalough, who had previously been elected as Bishop of Glendalough but had declined that office. During his time in office, religious orders from the continent came to Ireland, and as part of this trend, Laurence installed a community of canons to minister according to the Aroasian Rule in the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, later known as Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin.

Not only was the Irish Church transformed in that 12th century by new organisations and new arrivals from abroad, but Ireland's political scene was changed permanently by the coming of the

Reformation, Dublin's archbishops were all either Norman or English. High offices in the Church were never free of political influence, and in fact, many of Dublin's archbishops exercised civil authority for the English crown. Archbishop Henry of London's name appears in the text of Magna Carta
along with the names of English bishops as witnesses. In 1185, the Pope granted a petition to combine the Dioceses of Dublin and Glendalough, to take effect on the death of the then Bishop of Glendalough. The union took effect in 1216, with the approval of Innocent III, and the dioceses have remained merged ever since.

The University Project

See also: Medieval University of Dublin

Trinity College).[3]

Reformation period 1533-1570

Archbishop Alen was murdered during the revolt of "Silken Thomas" in 1534. After the excommunication of Henry VIII in 1538, no Roman Catholic archbishop was nominated by Rome until Hugh Curwen in 1555, in the brief reign of Queen Mary.

16th to 18th centuries

The immediate aftermath of the Reformation saw a lacuna in the see of Dublin, with some provisions made, such as the Bishop of Cloyne being granted special faculties over other dioceses, including Dublin, in 1675.[4]

19th to 20th centuries

Some historians consider Paul Cullen, Archbishop of Dublin from 1852, and Ireland's first cardinal, from 1866, to have been the most powerful political figure in Ireland between Daniel O'Connell and Charles Stewart Parnell.[5] A successor, John Charles McQuaid, exerted even more power over Irish affairs.

Cathedrals

St Mary's Pro-Cathedral, Dublin, the episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic archbishops.

From the Middle Ages, the seat of the Archbishop of Dublin was Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, although for many centuries, it shared this status with St Patrick's Cathedral, and the archbishop had roles at both places. In early times, there was considerable conflict over status but under the six-point agreement of 1300, Pacis Compositio:

  • The consecration and enthronement of the Archbishop of Dublin was to take place at Christ Church – records show that this provision was not always followed, with many archbishops enthroned in both, and at least two in St. Patrick's only
  • Christ Church had formal precedence, as the mother and senior cathedral of the diocese
  • Christ Church was to retain the cross, mitre and ring of each deceased Archbishop of Dublin
  • Deceased Archbishops of Dublin were to be buried alternately in each of the two cathedrals, unless they personally willed otherwise
  • The annual consecration of chrism oil for the diocese was to take place at Christ Church
  • The two cathedrals were to act as one, and shared equally in their freedoms

As the

Saint Mary's Pro-Cathedral
.

Residence

The office-holder's official residence is Archbishop's house in Drumcondra, where they have a two-room suite, the building largely functioning as meeting and office space in modern times.[6]

Status

See the article

Primate of Ireland
for a discussion of the relative status of the Archbishops of Dublin and Armagh as Primates.

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ McGarry, Patsy (29 December 2020). "Successor to Archbishop of Dublin Diarmuid Martin announced". Irish Times. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  2. ^ Dublin: Catholic Truth Society, 1911: Bishop of Canea: Short Histories of Dublin Parishes, Part VIII, p. 162
  3. ^ London: Newman, Cardinal Henry; The Rise and Progress of Universities, Chapter 17 (The Ancient University of Dublin), 207-212.
  4. ^ Brady, W. Maziere (1876). The Episcopal Succession in England, Scotland and Ireland, A.D. 1400 to 1875 (vol. 2). Rome: Tipografia della Pace.
  5. ^ Miller, David W. (2013). "Book review: Cardinal Paul Cullen and his world (Daire Keogh and Albert McDonnell, eds)". The Catholic Historical Review. 99 (1). Catholic University of America Press, The: 168.
  6. ^ McDonagh, Patricia (18 December 2008). "Renovations to archbishop of Dublin's palace cost €500,000". independent. Retrieved 6 July 2022.

Sources

  • The Catholic Encyclopedia (New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909)

External links

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