Elector of Mainz
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Archbishop of Mainz
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The Elector of Mainz[1] was one of the seven Prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire. As both the Archbishop of Mainz and the ruling prince of the Electorate of Mainz, the Elector of Mainz held a powerful position during the Middle Ages. The Archbishop-Elector was president of the electoral college, archchancellor of the empire, and the Primate of Germany as the papal legate north of the Alps, until the dissolution of the empire in 1806.
The origin of the title dates back to 747, when the city of
Karl Theodor von Dalberg
, who lost his temporal power when the archbishopric was secularized in 1803.
Elector of Mainz (1356–1803)
The Archbishop of Mainz was an influential ecclesiastic and secular prince in the Holy Roman Empire between 780–782 and 1802. In Church hierarchy, the Archbishop of Mainz was the primas Germaniae, the substitute for the Pope north of the Alps. Aside from Rome, the See of Mainz is the only other see referred to as a "Holy See", although this usage became rather less common.
This archbishopric was a substantial
Arch-chancellor of Germany, and presiding officer of the electoral college
technically from 1251 and permanently from 1263 until 1803.
The
Boniface
to the see in 747. Boniface was previously an archbishop, but the honor did not immediately devolve upon the see itself until his successor Lullus.
In 1802, Mainz lost its archiepiscopal character. In the secularizations that accompanied the Elector of Hesse, the Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt and the Free City of Frankfurt.
The modern
cardinals and via various concordats was allowed to retain the mediæval tradition of the cathedral chapter electing a successor to the bishop
.
Bishops and archbishops
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Bishops of Moguntiacum, 80–745
- Crescens c. 80–103
- Marinus c. 103–109
- St. Crescentius c. 109–127
- Cyriacus c. 127–141
- Hilarius c. 141–161
- Martin I c. 161–175
- Celsus c. 175–197
- Lucius c. 197–207
- Gotthard c. 207–222
- Sophron c. 222–230
- Heriger I c. 230–234
- Ruther c. 234–254
- Avitus c. 254–276
- Ignatius c. 276–289
- Dionysius c. 289–309
- Ruprecht I c. 309–321
- Adalhard c. 320s
- Lucius Annaeus c. 330s
- Martin II c. 330s – c. 360s
- Sidonius I c. late 360s – c. 386
- Sigismund c. 386 – c. 392
- Theonistus or Thaumastus[2]
- Maximus
- Lupold c. 392 – c. 409
- Nicetas c. 409 – c. 417
- Marianus c. 417 – c. 427
- Aureus c. 427 – c. 443
- Eutropius c. 443 – c. 467
- Adalbald
- Nather
- Adalbert (I)
- Lantfried
- Sidonius II ? – c. 589
- Siegbert I c. 589–610
- Ludegast c. 610–615
- Rudwald c. 615
- Lubald ? fl. c. 625
- Rigibert 708-724
- Gerold 724–743
- Gewilip c. 744 – c. 745
Archbishops of Mainz, 745–1251
- Saint Boniface 745–754[3]
- Lullus 754–786 (First archbishop)
- Richholf 787–813
- Adolf 813–826
- Odgar826–847
- Rabanus Maurus 848–856
- Karl856–863
- Ludbert863–889
- Sunderhold889–891
- Hatto I 891–913
- Herigar 913–927
- Hildebert 927-937
- Frederick937–954
- William954–968
- Hatto II 968–970
- Rudbrecht 970–975
- Willigis 975–1011
- Erkanbald1011–1021
- Aribo1021–1031
- Bardo1031–1051
- Luitpold 1051–1059
- Siegfried I1060–1084
- Wezilo 1084–1088
- Rudhart1088–1109
- Adalbert I von Saarbrücken 1111–1137
- Adalbert II von Saarbrücken 1138–1141
- Markholf 1141–1142
- Henry I1142–1153
- Arnold von Selenhofen1153–1160
- Christian I1160–1161
- Conrad I of Wittelsbach 1161–1165
- Christian I1165–1183
- Conrad I of Wittelsbach (restored) 1183–1200
- Luitpold von Scheinfeld 1200–1208
- Sigfried II von Eppstein1200–1230 (in opposition until 1208)
- Sigfried III von Eppstein1230–1249
- Christian III von Weisenau1249–1251
Archbishops-Electors of Mainz, 1251–1803
- Gerhard I von Daun-Kirberg 1251–1259
- Werner II von Eppstein 1260–1284
- Heinrich II von Isny 1286–1288
- Gerhard II von Eppstein 1286–1305
- Peter of Aspelt 1306–1320
- Matthias von Bucheck 1321–1328
- Heinrich III von Virneberg 1328–1337
- Baldwin of Luxembourg1328–1336, administrator
- Gerlach von Nassau 1346–1371
- Johann I von Luxemburg-Ligny 1371–1373
- Louis of Meissen 1374–1379
- Adolf I von Nassau 1379–1390
- Konrad II von Weinsberg 1390–1396
- Joffrid von Leiningen 1396–1397
- Johann II von Nassau 1397–1419
- Rhinegravezum Stein 1419–1434
- Dietrich Schenk von Erbach 1434–1459
- Dieter von Isenburg1460–1461
- Adolf II von Nassau(or Adolf III) 1461–1475
- Dieter von Isenburg(restored) 1476–1482
- Adalbert III of Saxony1482–1484
- Bertold von Henneberg-Römhild1484–1504
- Jakob von Liebenstein 1504-1508
- Uriel von Gemmingen 1508–1514
- Albert III of Brandenburg1514–1545
- Sebastian von Heusenstamm 1545–1555
- Daniel Brendel von Homburg 1555–1582
- Wolfgang von Dalberg 1582–1601
- Johann Adam von Bicken 1601–1604
- Johann Schweikhard von Kronberg 1604–1626
- Georg Friedrich von Greiffenklau 1626–1629
- Anselm Casimir Wambold von Umstadt 1629–1647
- Johann Philipp von Schönborn 1647–1673
- Lothar Friedrich von Metternich-Burscheid 1673–1675
- Damian Hartard von der Leyen-Hohengeroldseck 1675–1678
- Karl Heinrich von Metternich-Winneburg 1679
- Anselm Franz von Ingelheim1679–1695
- Lothar Franz von Schönborn 1695–1729
- Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg1729–1732
- Philipp Karl von Eltz-Kempenich 1732–1743
- Johann Friedrich Karl von Ostein 1743–1763
- Emmerich Joseph von Breidbach zu Bürresheim 1763–1774
- Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal 1774–1802
- Karl Theodor von Dalberg 1802–1803[4]
Notes
- ^ Albert. 2012. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 01 September, 2012, from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/12669/Albert
- ^ "Theomastus (or Thaumastus) was bishop of Mainz in the early fifth century."(Gregory of Tours, Glory of the Confessors: Glory of the Confessors. Translated by Raymond Van Dam (Liverpool University Press, 1988), 40n). This figure is mentioned by Gregory of Tours: “Theomastus was noted for his holiness in accordance with the meaning of his name, and he is said to have been bishop of Mainz. For some unknown reason, he was expelled from Mainz and went to Poitiers. There he ended his present life by remaining in a pure confession.”(Gregory of Tours, Glory of the Confessors: Glory of the Confessors. Translated by Raymond Van Dam (Liverpool University Press, 1988), 39).
- ^ At this time, Mainz did not have the status of an archdiocese. Bonifacius had been titular archbishop
- Prince of Frankfurt 1806–1810 and Grand Duke of Frankfurt1810–1813.
