Archbishop of York
Archbishop of York | |
---|---|
Archbishopric | |
anglican | |
Right Honourable (otherwise His Grace) | |
Location | |
Ecclesiastical province | York |
Residence | Bishopthorpe Palace |
Information | |
First holder | Paulinus of York |
Established | Bishopric in 626 Archbishopric in 735 |
Diocese | York |
Cathedral | York Minster |
Website | |
archbishopofyork |
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The archbishop of York is a senior bishop in the Church of England, second only to the archbishop of Canterbury. The archbishop is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and the metropolitan bishop of the province of York, which covers the northern regions of England (north of the Trent) as well as the Isle of Man.
The archbishop's throne (cathedra) is in York Minster in central York and the official residence is Bishopthorpe Palace in the village of Bishopthorpe outside York. The current archbishop is Stephen Cottrell, since the confirmation of his election on 9 July 2020.[2]
History
Roman
There was a bishop in
Middle Ages
The diocese was refounded by
At the time of the Norman invasion York had jurisdiction over
Several of the archbishops of York held the ministerial office of
English Reformation
At the time of the
Until the mid 1530s (and from 1553 to 1558) the bishops and archbishops were in communion with the pope in Rome. This is no longer the case, as the archbishop of York, together with the rest of the Church of England, is a member of the Anglican Communion.
Styles and privileges
The archbishop of York is an ex officio member of the House of Lords and is styled Primate of England (whereas the archbishop of Canterbury is the Primate of All England); he is referred to as "The Most Reverend", retired archbishops are styled as "The Right Reverend". As archbishops are, by convention, appointed to the
The surname of the archbishop of York is not always used in formal documents; often only the first name and see are mentioned. The archbishop is legally entitled to sign his name as "Ebor" (from the
In the
Present
The archbishop of York is the metropolitan bishop of the province of York and is the junior of the two archbishops of the Church of England after the archbishop of Canterbury.[6] The See is currently occupied by Stephen Cottrell since 9 July 2020.
The Province of York includes 10 Anglican dioceses in
List of archbishops
Pre-Conquest
Bishops of York | |||
---|---|---|---|
From | Until | Incumbent | Notes |
625 | 633 | Paulinus | Formerly a monk at St. Andrew's Monastery in Rome; translated to Rochester; canonised.[7] |
633 | 664 | See vacant | |
664 | 669 | Chad | Resigned the see of York; later became bishop of Mercia and Lindsey; canonised. |
664 | 678 | Wilfrid (I) | Ejected from York; later became bishop of Selsey[b] canonised.
|
678 | 706 | Bosa | Canonised. |
706 | 714 | John of Beverley | Translated from Hexham; resigned the see; canonised in 1037. |
714 | 732 | Wilfrid (II) | Resigned the see; canonised. |
c. 732 | 735 | Ecgbert
|
York elevated to archbishopric in 735. |
Pre-Conquest archbishops of York | |||
From | Until | Incumbent | Notes |
735 | 766 | Ecgbert | York elevated to archbishopric in 735. |
c. 767 | c. 780 | Æthelbert | Also known as Æthelbeorht, Adalberht, Ælberht, Aelberht, Aldbert or Æthelbert. |
c. 780 | 796 | Eanbald (I) | |
796 | c. 808 | Eanbald (II)
|
|
c. 808 | c. 834 | Wulfsige | |
837 | 854 | Wigmund | |
854 | c. 896 | Wulfhere | Fled the Danes in 872, returned in 873. |
900 | c. 916 | Æthelbald | Sometimes known as Æthelbeald, Athelbald, or Ethelbald. |
c. 916 | 931 | Hrotheweard | Sometimes known as Lodeward. |
931 | 956 | Wulfstan (I) | |
c. 958 | 971 | Oscytel | Also known as Oscytel. Translated from Dorchester. |
971 | Edwald | Also known as Edwaldus or Ethelwold. | |
971 | 992 | Oswald | Held both the sees of York and Worcester; canonised. |
995 | 1002 | Ealdwulf | Held both the sees of York and Worcester. |
1002 | 1023 | Wulfstan (II) | Also known as Lupus. Also held the see of Worcester (1002–1016). |
1023 | 1051 | Ælfric Puttoc | Also held the see of Worcester (1040–1041). |
1051 | 1060 | Cynesige | Also known as Kynsige. |
1061 | 1069 | Ealdred
|
Also known as Aldred. Held the see of Worcester 1046–1061, of Hereford 1056–1060, and of York 1061–1069. |
Footnote(s):[c] and Source(s):[10][11] |
Conquest to Reformation
Archbishops of York (Conquest to Reformation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
From | Until | Incumbent | Notes |
1070 | 1100 | Thomas of Bayeux | Also known as Thomas (I). |
1100 | 1108 | Gerard | Translated from Hereford. |
1109 | 1114 | Thomas (II)
|
|
1119 | 1140 | Thurstan | He was elected in 1114, but was not consecrated until 1119.
|
1140 | Waltheof of Melrose | Nominated archbishop, but was quashed by King Stephen; later became Abbot of Melrose. | |
1140 | Henry de Sully
|
Abbot of Fécamp Abbey. Nominated archbishop, but was quashed by Pope Innocent II. | |
1143 | 1147 | William (FitzHerbert) | Deposed by Pope Eugene III; canonised in 1226. |
1147 | Hilary of Chichester | Deposed by Pope Eugene III, elected bishop of Chichester. | |
1147 | 1153 | Henry Murdac | Formerly Abbot of Fountains Abbey. |
1153 | 1154 | William (FitzHerbert) (again) | Restored by Pope Anastasius IV; canonised in 1226. |
1154 | 1181 | Roger de Pont L'Évêque | Formerly archdeacon of Canterbury .
|
1191 | 1212 | Geoffrey (Plantagenet) | Formerly consecrated in 1191.
|
1215 | Simon Langton
|
Elected archbishop of York in June 1215, but was quashed on 20 August 1215 by archdeacon of Canterbury .
| |
1216 | 1255 | Walter de Gray | Translated from Worcester. |
1256 | 1258 | Sewal de Bovil | Formerly Dean of York. |
1258 | 1265 | Godfrey Ludham | Also known as Godfrey Kineton. Formerly Dean of York. |
1265 | William Langton | Dean of York (1262–1279); elected archbishop in March 1265, but was quashed in November 1265.[12] | |
1265 | 1266 | Bonaventure | Selected as archbishop in November 1265, but never consecrated and resigned the appointment in October 1266.
|
1266 | 1279 | Walter Giffard | Translated from Bath and Wells. |
1279 | 1285 | William de Wickwane | |
1286 | 1296 | John le Romeyn | Also known as John Romanus. |
1298 | 1299 | Henry of Newark | Formerly Dean of York. |
1300 | 1304 | Thomas of Corbridge | |
1306 | 1315 | William Greenfield | Formerly Dean of Chichester |
1317 | 1340 | William Melton | |
1342 | 1352 | William Zouche | Also known as William de la Zouche. |
1353 | 1373 | Cardinal John of Thoresby | Translated from Cardinal in 1361.[13]
|
1374 | 1388 | Alexander Neville | Translated to St Andrews in 1388. |
1388 | 1396 | Thomas Arundel | Translated from Ely; afterwards translated to Canterbury. |
1397 | 1398 | Robert Waldby | Translated from Chichester. |
1398 | Walter Skirlaw | Bishop of Durham, elected but put aside by King Richard II. | |
1398 | 1405 | Richard le Scrope | Translated from Lichfield. |
1405 | 1406 | Thomas Langley | Elected archbishop in August 1405, but was quashed in May 1406. |
1406 | 1407 | Robert Hallam | Nominated archbishop in May 1406 by Pope Innocent VII, but was vetoed by King Henry IV. |
1407 | 1423 | Henry Bowet | Translated from Bath and Wells. |
1423 | 1424 | Philip Morgan | Elected archbishop in 1423, but was quashed in 1424. |
1424 | 1425 | Richard Fleming | Conferred as archbishop by Pope Martin V, but was refused by King Henry V, and Fleming resigned the appointment in July 1425. |
1426 | 1452 | Cardinal John Kemp | Translated from Cardinal in 1439;[14] translated to Canterbury .
|
1452 | 1464 | William Booth | Translated from Lichfield. |
1465 | 1476 | George Neville | Translated from Exeter. |
1476 | 1480 | Lawrence Booth | Translated from Durham. |
1480 | 1500 | Thomas Rotherham | Translated from Lincoln. |
1501 | 1507 | Thomas Savage | Translated from London. |
1508 | 1514 | Cardinal Christopher Bainbridge | Translated from Cardinal in 1511.[15]
|
1514 | 1530 | Cardinal Thomas Wolsey | Translated from Lincoln in 1514; created a Cardinal in 1515;[16] held with Bath and Wells 1518–23, Durham 1523–29 and Winchester 1529–30. |
Source(s):[11][17][18][19] |
Post-Reformation
Post-Reformation archbishops of York | |||
---|---|---|---|
From | Until | Incumbent | Notes |
1531 | 1544 | Edward Lee | Translated from St Davids. |
1545 | 1554 | Robert Holgate | Translated from Llandaff. |
1555 | 1559 | Nicholas Heath | Translated from Worcester. |
1561 | 1568 | Thomas Young | Translated from St Davids. |
1570 | 1576 | Edmund Grindal | Translated from London; afterwards translated to Canterbury. |
1577 | 1588 | Edwin Sandys | Translated from London. |
1589 | 1594 | John Piers | Translated from Salisbury. |
1595 | 1606 | Matthew Hutton | Translated from Durham. |
1606 | 1628 | Tobias Matthew | Translated from Durham. |
1628 | George Montaigne | Translated from Durham. | |
1629 | 1631 | Samuel Harsnett | Translated from Norwich. |
1632 | 1640 | Richard Neile | Translated from Winchester. |
1641 | 1646 | John Williams | Translated from Lincoln. Deprived when the English episcopacy was abolished by Parliament. Died 1650. |
1646 | 1660 | The see was abolished during the Commonwealth and the Protectorate.[20][21] | |
1660 | 1664 | Accepted Frewen | Translated from Lichfield. |
1664 | 1683 | Richard Sterne | Translated from Carlisle. |
1683 | 1686 | John Dolben | Translated from Rochester. |
1688 | 1691 | Thomas Lamplugh | Translated from Exeter. |
1691 | 1714 | John Sharp | Formerly Dean of Canterbury. |
1714 | 1724 | Sir William Dawes, Bt. | Translated from Chester. |
1724 | 1743 | Lancelot Blackburne | Translated from Exeter. |
1743 | 1747 | Thomas Herring | Translated from Bangor; afterwards translated to Canterbury. |
1747 | 1757 | Matthew Hutton | Translated from Bangor; afterwards translated to Canterbury. |
1757 | 1761 | John Gilbert | Translated from Salisbury. |
1761 | 1776 | Robert Hay Drummond | Translated from Salisbury. |
1776 | 1807 | William Markham | Translated from Chester. |
1808 | 1847 | Edward Venables-Vernon | Translated from Carlisle. Surname changed from Venables-Vernon to Venables-Vernon-Harcourt in 1831. |
1847 | 1860 | Thomas Musgrave | Translated from Hereford. |
1860 | 1862 | Charles Longley | Translated from Durham; afterwards translated to Canterbury. |
1862 | 1890 | William Thomson | Translated from Gloucester. |
1891 | William Connor Magee | Translated from Peterborough. | |
1891 | 1908 retired |
William Maclagan | Translated from Lichfield. |
1909 | 1928 | Cosmo Gordon Lang | Translated from Stepney; afterwards translated to Canterbury. |
1929 | 1942 | William Temple | Translated from Manchester; afterwards translated to Canterbury. |
1942 | 1955 retired |
Cyril Garbett | Translated from Winchester. |
1956 | 1961 | Michael Ramsey | Translated from Durham; afterwards translated to Canterbury. |
1961 | 1974 | Donald Coggan | Translated from Bradford; afterwards translated to Canterbury. |
1975 | 1983 retired |
Stuart Blanch | Translated from Liverpool. |
1983 | 1995 retired |
John Habgood | Translated from Durham. |
1995 | 2005 retired |
David Hope | Translated from London. |
2005 | 2020 retired |
John Sentamu[22] | Translated from Birmingham; retired 7 June 2020.[23] |
2020 | present | Stephen Cottrell[24] | Translated from Chelmsford; election confirmed 9 July 2020.[2] |
Source(s):[11][25][26] |
Archbishops who became peers
From 1660 to 1900, all the archbishops of York died in office or were translated to Canterbury and died in that office.
William Maclagan was the first to voluntarily resign his office in 1908, two years before his death. All of his successors who were not translated to Canterbury have also resigned their office before death, and (like all archbishops of Canterbury) have been offered a peerage upon resignation.[d]
Archbishop | Title | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|
Cosmo Gordon Lang | Baron Lang of Lambeth in 1942
|
Extinct in 1945 | as archbishop of Canterbury |
Michael Ramsey | Baron Ramsey of Canterbury for life in 1974
|
Extinct in 1988 | |
Donald Coggan | Baron Coggan for life in 1980
|
Extinct in 2000 | |
Stuart Blanch | Baron Blanch for life in 1983
|
Extinct in 1994 | |
John Habgood | Baron Habgood for life in 1995
|
Retired from the House in 2011;[27] extinct in 2019 | |
David Hope | Baron Hope of Thornes for life in 2005
|
Retired from the House in 2015;[28] extant | |
John Sentamu | Baron Sentamu for life in 2021
|
Extant |
Assistant bishops
Among those who have served as assistant bishops of the diocese have been:
- 1929–1931 (res.): bishop suffragan of Hull (i.e., effectively the same role) and archdeacon of the East Riding[29]
- 1964–1970 (ret.): Mervyn Armstrong, adviser on industry to the archbishop of York and former bishop of Jarrow[30]
- 1969–1996 (d.): George Cockin, Rector of bishop of Sierra Leone.[32]
- 1977–1994 (d.):
See also
Footnotes
- ^ Paulinus was appointed archbishop of York by Pope Honorius I in 634, but the appointment was not effective since it occurred after Paulinus had fled from York and become bishop of Rochester.[3]
- first bishop of the South Saxons, by William of Malmesbury and Florence of Worcester, also on some later Ecclesiastical lists, but he was still technically bishop of York when in charge of Selsey Abbey. Therefore, as Sussex had been annexed by Wessex then Selsey probably would have been subject to the Diocese of the West Saxons, when Wilfrid was there.[8]
- ^ William Temple died in office (as the archbishop of Canterbury), and Cyril Garbett died before his hereditary peerage could be created.
References
Citations
- ^ Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.1173, with added "the wards upwards" for clarity, as per Debrett's blazon for bishop of Gloucester
- ^ a b "Search results".
- ^ Costambeys "Paulinus (St Paulinus) (d. 644)" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Davuit Broun, Scottish Independence and the Idea of Britain: From the Picts to Alexander III, p. 115
- ^ Whitaker's Almanack, 2008 – (Precedence, England and Wales)
- ^ Fryde et al. 1986, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, pp. 224, and 281–284.
- ^ St. Paulinus, Archbishop of York. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
- ^ Foot 2011 The bishops of Selsey and the Creation of a Diocese for Sussex. pp. 90-101.
- ^ Powicke & Fryde 1961, Handbook of British Chronology, 2nd Edition, p. 257.
- ^ a b Fryde et al. 1986, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, p. 224.
- ^ a b c "Historical successions: York". Crockford's Clerical Directory. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
- ^ William de Langeton alias of Rotherfield Archived 22 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
- ^ John Cardinal Thoresby. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
- ^ John Cardinal Kempe. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
- ^ Christopher Cardinal Bainbridge. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
- ^ Thomas Cardinal Wolsey. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved on 20 November 2008.
- ^ Fryde et al. 1986, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, pp. 281–283.
- ^ Greenway 1999, Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300, volume 6, pp. 1–7.
- ^ Jones 1963, Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541, volume 6, pp. 3–5.
- ^ Plant, David (2002). "Episcopalians". BCW Project. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
- JSTOR 564164.
- ^ The Archbishop of York Archived 3 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine. The official website of John Sentamu, Archbishop of York. Retrieved on 21 November 2008.
- ^ "Archbishop of York Dr John Sentamu to retire". BBC News. October 2018. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
- ^ "Bishop Stephen Cottrell to be the next Archbishop of York". The Church of England. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
- ^ Fryde et al. 1986, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd Edition, pp. 283–284.
- ^ Horn & Smith 1979, Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1541–1857, volume 4, pp. 1–5.
- ^ "Former Archbishop of York retires from House of Lords".
- ^ "Retirements of Members - Hansard - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Heywood, Bernard Oliver Francis". Who's Who. A & C Black. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ "Armstrong, Mervyn". Who's Who. A & C Black. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b c "Cockin, George Eyles Irwin". Who's Who. A & C Black. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b "Diocese of Owerri (Anglican Communion)".
- ^ "Wimbush, Richard Knyvet". Who's Who. A & C Black. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Sources
- Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I., eds. (1986). Handbook of British Chronology (3rd, reprinted 2003 ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
- Greenway, D. E. (1999). "Archbishops of York". Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300. Vol. 6: York. British History Online.
- Jones, B (1963). "Archbishops of York". Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541. Vol. 6: Northern Province (York, Carlise and Durham). British History Online.
- )
- Horn, J. M.; Smith, D. M. (1979). "Archbishops of York". Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1541–1857. Vol. 4: York Diocese. British History Online.
- Powicke, F. Maurice; Fryde, E. B., eds. (1961). Handbook of British Chronology (2nd ed.). London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society.
Further reading
- Story, Joanna (August 2012). "Bede, Willibrord and the Letters of Pope Honorius I on the Genesis of the Archbishopric of York". English Historical Review. cxxvii (527): 783–818. hdl:2381/10841.