Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg

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Archbishopric of Salzburg
)
"Archbishopric of Salzburg" redirects here. For the diocese, see Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg.
Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg
Archiepiscopatus Salisburgensis (
Latin)
Fürsterzbistum Salzburg (German
)
1328–1803
Coat of arms of Salzburg
Coat of arms
Count Hieronymus von Colloredo
(last)
Historical era
Secularised to electorate
1803
1805
CurrencySalzburg Thaler
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Duchy of Bavaria
Electorate of Salzburg

The Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg (

state of the Holy Roman Empire. It comprised the secular territory ruled by the archbishops of Salzburg, as distinguished from the much larger Catholic diocese founded in 739 by Saint Boniface in the German stem duchy of Bavaria. The capital of the archbishopric was Salzburg, the former Roman
city of Iuvavum.

From the late 13th century onwards, the archbishops gradually reached the status of

Count Hieronymus von Colloredo, who was a patron of the Salzburg-native composer, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
.

Geography

18th century map of the Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg

The prince-archbishopric's territory was roughly congruent with the present-day Austrian state of

Pongau around Bischofshofen, and southeastern Lungau beyond the Radstädter Tauern Pass
.

In the north and east, the prince-archbishopric bordered on the Duchy of Austria, a former Bavarian margraviate, which had become independent in 1156 and, raised to an archduchy in 1457, developed as the nucleus of the Habsburg monarchy. The Salzkammergut border region, today a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as an important salt trade region was gradually seized by the mighty House of Habsburg and incorporated into the Upper Austrian lands. In the southeast, Salzburg adjoined the Duchy of Styria, also ruled by the Habsburg (arch-)dukes in personal union since 1192. By 1335, the Austrian regents had also acquired the old Duchy of Carinthia in the south, the Styrian and Carinthian territories were incorporated into Inner Austria in 1379. The Habsburg encirclement was nearly completed when in 1363 the archdukes also attained the County of Tyrol in the west. Only in the northwest did Salzburg border on the Duchy of Bavaria (raised to an Electorate in 1623), and the tiny Berchtesgaden Provostry, which was able to retain its independence until the Mediatisation in 1803.

Previous history

The

Decline of the Roman Empire about 450 AD the local capital Iuvavum in the Noricum ripense province was already home to two churches and a monastery. Very little is known of the early bishopric during the Migration Period, and the legendary Saint Maximus of Salzburg is the only abbot-bishop known by name. A disciple of Saint Severinus, he was martyred in the retreat from Noricum, after the Germanic Western Roman officer Odoacer had deposed the last Emperor Romulus Augustulus and declared himself King of Italy in 476. In his conflict with the Rugii tribes, Odoacer had his brother Onoulphus evacuate the Noricum ripense province in 487/88, whereby Iuvavum was abandoned and with it the bishopric. Saint Severinus had already died in 482 in the castrum of Favianis (present-day Mautern in Lower Austria), six years before the departure of the Roman legions from the region.[1]

Bavarian bishopric (c. 543/698–798)

Rupert of Salzburg with salt barrel, mediæval depiction

From the sixth century onwards, the northern areas of the later archbishopric were resettled by

Bishop of Worms in Frankish Austrasia and later called the apostle of Bavaria and Carinthia, came to the region from the Bavarian town Regensburg and laid the foundations for the re-establishment of the Salzburg diocese. After erecting a church at nearby Seekirchen he discovered the ruins of Iuvavum overgrown with brambles and remnants of the Romance population, who had maintained Christian traditions. The former theory that he arrived already in c. 543 during the time of the unsourced early Bavarian dukes appears less likely than that he worked during the reign of the Agilolfing duke Theodo II (c. 680–717), when the Bavarian stem duchy came under Frankish supremacy. The bishops of Salzburg traditionally marked the foundation of their diocese as being the year 582, and struck coins commemorating the 1,200-year anniversary of the event in 1782.[2] In any case, it was not until after 700 that Christian
civilisation re-emerged in the region.

Rupert established a monastery dedicated to

St. Vergilius, abbot of St. Peter's since about 749, had quarrelled with St. Boniface over the existence of antipodes
. He nevertheless became bishop about 767.

Early archbishopric (798–1060)

Säben). When the dispute over the ecclesiastical border between Salzburg and the Patriarchate of Aquileia
broke out, Charlemagne declared the Drava to be the border.

Archbishop Adalwin (859–873) suffered great troubles when King

St. Methodius the Archbishop of Pannonia and Moravia at Sirmium, entrusting him large territories under the overlordship of the Salzburg diocese. It was only when Rastislav and Methodius were captured by King Louis the German that Adalwin could adequately protest the invasion of his rights.[clarification needed] Methodius appeared at the Synod of Salzburg
where he was struck in the face and imprisoned in close confinement for two and a half years.

Soon after, the

Bruno of Cologne, called the Bishop-Maker, appointed Frederick I archbishop and declared the Abbacy of St. Peter
independent.

Investiture era (1060–1213)

In the era beginning with

Conrad I of Abensberg was elected Archbishop. Conrad lived in exile until the Calistine Concordat
of 1122. Conrad spent the remaining years of his episcopate improving the religious life in the archdiocese.

Prince-archbishopric

Archbishopric of Salzburg, c. 1715
Coat of arms of Hieronymus von Colloredo as Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg, incorporating elements of princely and ecclesiastical heraldry.

Archbishop Eberhard II of Regensberg was made a

Bishop of Seckau
.

King

Rudolph I of Habsburg quarrelled with the archbishops through the manipulations of Abbot Henry of Admont, and after his death the archbishops and the Habsburgs made peace in 1297. The people and archbishops of Salzburgs remained loyal to the Habsburgs in their struggles against the Wittelsbachs. When the Black Death reached Salzburg in 1347, the Jews
were accused of poisoning the wells and suffered severe persecution.

In 1473, he summoned the first provincial diet in the history of the archbishopric, and eventually abdicated.[

Bishop of Gurk
, who succeeded him in 1519.

Matthäus Lang was largely unnoticed in official circles, although his influence was felt throughout the archbishopric. He brought in

Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau gave the Protestants the choice of converting to Catholicism or leaving Salzburg. The cathedral was rebuilt in such splendour that it was unrivalled by all others north of the Alps
.

Archbishop

Jesuits to Salzburg and asked for help from the emperor, and finally ordered the Protestants to recant their beliefs or emigrate. Over 20,000 Salzburg Protestants were forced to leave their homes, most of whom accepted an offer of land by King Frederick William I of Prussia
.

The last Prince-Archbishop,

Mozart. His reforms of the church and education systems alienated him from the people.[clarification needed
]

Secularisation

In 1803, Salzburg was secularised as the

Emperor Francis II), who had lost his throne. In 1805, it became part of Austria. In 1809, it became part of Bavaria which closed the University of Salzburg, banned monasteries from accepting novices, and banned pilgrimages and processions. The archdiocese was reestablished as the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg
in 1818 without temporal power.

Up to today, the Archbishop of Salzburg has also borne the title

cardinal
, gives the Archbishop the privilege of wearing red vesture (which is much deeper than a cardinal's scarlet), even in Rome.

Bishops of Salzburg

See Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg for archbishops since 1812.

See also

  • Alte Residenz
    – city palace
  • Schloss Hellbrunn
    – summer palace

References

  1. ^ The Life of Saint Severinus by Eugippius trans. Robinson, GW. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 1914
  2. ^ Krause, Chester. Standard Catalog of World Coins 1701-1800, 1997, pp. 120-121.
  3. ^ The Methodist Review Vol. XLIII, No. 3, p. 305.
  4. ^ Christopher Clark, Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2006. pp. 141-143.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maps of Catholic dioceses of Austria.
  • Salzburg at the
    Catholic Encyclopædia
    .
  • Legate at the
    Catholic Encyclopædia
    .
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