Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nidaros

Coordinates: 63°25′37″N 10°23′49″E / 63.4269°N 10.3969°E / 63.4269; 10.3969
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Archdiocese of Nidaros
)
For the present-day Lutheran diocese, see diocese of Nidaros. For the present-day Catholic area, see Roman Catholic Territorial Prelature of Trondheim.
Former Archdiocese of Nidaros

Archidioecesis Nidrosiensis

Nidaros Erkebispedømme
Evangelical Lutheran diocese[1] since 1537)
CathedralNidaros Cathedral

The Archdiocese of Nidaros (or Niðaróss) was the

Protestant Reformation
.

History

In Norway, the kings who introduced Christianity which first became known to the people during their martial expeditions.[2] The work of Christianization begun by Haakon the Good (d. 961 in the Battle of Fitjar) was carried on by Olaf Tryggvason (d. 1000 in the Battle of Svolder) and Olaf Haraldsson (St. Olaf, d. 1030 in the Battle of Stiklestad). Both were converted Vikings, the former having been baptized at Andover, England, by Aelfeah, Bishop of Winchester, and the latter at Rouen by Archbishop Robert.[3]

In 997, Olaf Tryggvason founded at the mouth of the river

Garðar, Greenland (1126), Hamar (1151), Hólar, Iceland (1105), Orkney (1070; suffragan till 1472), Oslo (1073), Skálholt, Iceland (1056), and Stavanger
(1130) became suffragans.

St.Eystein, the second Archbishop of Nidaros holding a model of the Nidaros Cathedral

Archbishop Birgerson was succeeded by Eysteinn Erlendsson (Beatus Augustinus, 1158–88), previously royal secretary and treasurer, a man of intellect, strong will, and piety.[5] King Sverre wished to make the Church a tool of the temporal power, and the archbishop was compelled to flee from Norway to England. He was able to return, and a reconciliation took place later between him and the king, but on Eystein's death King Sverre renewed his attacks, and Archbishop Eric had to leave the country and take refuge with Absalon, Archbishop of Lund. At last, when King Sverre attacked the papal legate, Pope Innocent III laid the king and his partisans under interdict.[6]

King

ordeal by hot iron. Owing in great measure to the papal legates, Norway became more closely linked with the supreme head of Christendom at Rome. Secular priests, Benedictines, Cistercians, Augustinians, Dominicans and Franciscans worked together for the prosperity of the Church. Archbishops Eilif Kortin (d. 1332), Paul Baardson (d. 1346), and Arne Vade (d. 1349) were zealous churchmen. Provincial councils were held, at which serious efforts were made to eliminate abuses and to encourage Christian education and morality.[7]

In 1277, the Tønsberg Concord (Sættargjerden in Tønsberg) was signed between King

Christian II, to fly from Christian III (1537). The reliquaries of St. Olaf and St. Augustine (Eystein) were taken away, sent to Copenhagen
and melted. The bones of St. Olaf were buried in the cathedral, and the place forgotten.

Ecclesiastical province of Nidaros

Map of ecclesiastical province of Nidaros (1153-1387)

The Archdiocese of Nidaros headed an ecclesiastical province which included the following suffragan dioceses.

Diocese Territory Cathedral Founded
Bjørgvin (earlier Selje) Christ Church 10681068
Oslo St.
Hallvards Cathedral
 10681068
Hamar Hamar Cathedral 11521152
Stavanger Stavanger Cathedral 11251125
Kirkjubøur Faroe Islands St. Magnus Cathedral 1100c. 1100
Kirkjuvagr Orkney and Shetland
St. Magnus Cathedral
 1035c. 1035
Suðreyjar Isle of Man, Islands of the Clyde and the Hebrides Peel Cathedral 11541154
Skálholt
 Southern Iceland Skálholt Cathedral 10561056
Hólar
 Northern Iceland Hólar Cathedral 11061106
Garðar
 Greenland Gardar Cathedral 11241124

Episcopal ordinaries

Archbishop's Palace, Trondheim.

(all Latin Rite)

Suffragan Bishops of Nidaros
  1. 1015: Sigurd III
  2. Grimkjell
  3. Jon
  4. Rudolf
  5. 1028–1030: Sigurd IV
  6. Ragnar
  7. Kjetil
  8. Åsgaut
  9. Sigurd V
  10. Tjodolf
  11. 1070: Sigurd VI,
    O.S.B.
  12. 1080: Adalbrikt
  13. –1139: Simon
  14. 1140: Ivar Kalfsson (Skrauthanske)
  15. 1140–1151: Reidar
Metropolitan Archbishops of Nidaros (before the Reformation)
  1. 1152/1153–1157: Jon Birgersson
  2. 1161–1188: Eysteinn Erlendsson
  3. 1189–1205: Eirik Ivarsson
  4. 1206–1214: Tore (Thorer) Gudmundsson
  5. 1215–1224: Guttorm
  6. 1225–1226: Peter Brynjulfsson
  7. 1227–1230: Tore II "den Trøndske [the Trønder]"
  8. 1231–1252: Sigurd Eindridesson Tafse
  9. 1253–1254: Sørle
  10. 1255–1263: Einar Smjørbak Gunnarsson
  11. 1263–1265: Einar (rejected by Pope Clement IV in 1265)
  12. 1267: Håkon
  13. 1268–1282: Jon Raude
  14. 1288–1309: Jørund
  15. 1311–1332: Eilif Arnesson Kortin
  16. 1333–1346: Paul Baardson (Páll Bárðarson / Pål Bårdsson[9])
  17. 1346–1349: Arne Einarsson Vade
  18. 1350–1370: Olav
  19. 1371–1381: Trond Gardarsson
  20. 1382–1386: Nicolas Jacobsson Rusare
  21. 1387–1402: Vinald Henriksson
  22. 1404–1428: Eskill
  23. 1430–1450: Aslak Bolt
  24. 1452–1458: Henrik Kalteisen, O.P.
  25. 1459–1474: Olav Trondsson
  26. 1475–1510: Gaute Ivarsson
  27. 1510–1522: Eric Walkendorf (Erik Axelsson Valkendorf)
  28. 1523–1537: Olav Engelbrektsson (the last Catholic archbishop)

Rite of Nidaros

The texts of the Mass as it was celebrated in Norway and the other lands of the Metropolitan Province of Nidaros before the Protestant Reformation survives in a copy of the printed Missal of 1519 and in three manuscript texts, B (c. 1300), C (13th century) and D (c. 1200). Helge Fæhn in his analysis of each of these texts sums up the character of these texts as follows:

The Missal of 1519: Manuscript A seems to have been influenced mainly from Normandy and England and shows several parallels to late medieval

Sarum Use. There is nothing which decisively indicates Dominican influence. Belonging to the 16th century A may be characterized as rather conservative. In the canon
in Communicantes, Xystus is replaced by Silvester—possibly by a misinterpretation of Innocens III.

Manuscript B: B is especially influenced from France—in parts particularly from the leading Seez group. Some tails in B—mostly in the rubrics—are obviously dependent on the explanation of the mass in Micrologus, but most remarkable in perhaps that B seems to imply that the congregation is taking an active part in the offertory. B taken as a whole belongs to the second part of the 12th century.

Manuscript C: C is without doubt dependent on French and Italian tradition. The canon is evidently influenced by the specific Roman missal of the 11th—13th century, and on the whole C may be ascribed to the beginning of the 13th century.

Manuscript D: In D everything before the canon is lacking, but in return this part exhibits close relationship to Irish and especially old Roman tradition: the last is undoubtedly because D evidently is influenced by the order of the mass in Micrologus. D is the oldest of the four ordines misse and must be assigned to the 12th century.

Of these four orders of the mass, A and B seem to have most in common. If this can be taken as a further indication that B gives the substance of the rite of Nidaros in the 13th century, then this provides basis from which to determine the most important alterations in the rite of this see in the last 250 years before the Reformation.[10]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Diocese of Nidaros
  2. ^ Joseph Hergenröther, "Kirchengeschichte", 1879, II, 721.
  3. ^ Bang, "Den norske Kirkes Historie under Katholicismen", Christiania, 1887, 44, 50.
  4. ^ Maurer, op. cit., I, iii, 462.
  5. ^ Daae, "Norges Helgener", Christiania, 1879, 170-6.
  6. Baluze
    , "Epp. Innocentii III", Paris, 1682, I, i, 226, 227.
  7. ^ Bang, op. cit., 297.
  8. ^ "Adami gesta pontificum Hammaburgensium", Hanover, 1876, II, 82.
  9. ^ Audun Dybdahl. "Pål Bårdsson". Norsk Biografisk Leksikon. Retrieved on March 23, 2024.
  10. ^ Fire Norske Messeordninger fra Middelalderen Utgitt med innledning og Analyse av Helge Fæhn. Skrifter utgitt av Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi I Oslo H. Hist.-Filos. Klasse. 1952. No. 5

Sources and external links

  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Ancient See of Trondhjem". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
Other Bibliography
  • Munch, P.A.
    Throndhjems Domkirke (Christiania, 1859)
  • Krefting, O. Om Throndhjems Domkirke (Trondhjem, 1885)
  • Schirmer, Kristkirken; Nidaros (Christiania, 1885)
  • Mathiesen, Henry Det gamle Throndhjem (Christiani, 1897)
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