Archibald McIndoe

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Sir Archibald McIndoe

Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur

Sir Archibald Hector McIndoe

Second World War
. He improved the treatment and rehabilitation of badly burned aircrew.

Early life

Archibald McIndoe was born 4 May 1900 in Forbury, in Dunedin, New Zealand, into a family of four.[1] His father was John McIndoe, a printer and his mother was the artist Mabel McIndoe née Hill. He had three brothers and one sister. McIndoe studied at Otago Boys' High School and later medicine at the University of Otago. After his graduation he became a house surgeon at Waikato Hospital.

In 1924, McIndoe was awarded the first New Zealand Fellowship at the

Britain
, and in 1930 McIndoe moved to London.

When McIndoe could not find work, his cousin Sir

Rainsford Mowlem and offered him a job at St Bartholomew's Hospital, where he became a clinical assistant. In 1932, McIndoe received a permanent appointment as a General Surgeon and Lecturer at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
.

In 1934, McIndoe received a Fellowship of the

Royal North Stafford Infirmary and to Croydon General Hospital. In 1938, he was appointed consultant in plastic surgery to the Royal Air Force
.

Second World War

When the

First World War, and who now has a surgical instrument named after him, the kilner cheek retractor), went to Queen Mary's Hospital, Roehampton, and Mowlem to St Albans. McIndoe moved to the recently rebuilt Queen Victoria Hospital in East Grinstead, Sussex, and founded a Centre for Plastic and Jaw Surgery. There, he treated very deep burns and serious facial disfigurement like loss of eyelids. With McIndoe's support, patients at the hospital formed the Guinea Pig Club, a social club and mutual support network: members included Richard Hillary, Geoffrey Page, Bill Foxley and Jimmy Edwards
.

McIndoe was a brilliant and quick surgeon. He not only developed new techniques for treating badly burned faces and hands but also recognised the importance of the rehabilitation of the casualties and particularly of social reintegration back into normal life. He disposed of the "convalescent uniforms" and let the patients use their service uniforms instead. With the help of two friends, Neville and Elaine Blond, he also encouraged the locals to support the patients and invite them to their homes. McIndoe referred to the patients as "his boys", while the staff called him "the Boss" or "the Maestro".[2]

Important work included development of the

walking-stalk skin graft, and the discovery that immersion in saline
promoted healing as well as improving survival rates for victims with extensive burns – this was a serendipitous discovery drawn from observation of differential healing rates in pilots who had come down on land and in the sea.

Later years

After the end of the war, McIndoe returned to private practice. His speciality was the "McIndoe nose".

McIndoe was created

African Medical and Research Foundation
(AMREF).

He became a member of a council of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1946 and its vice-president in 1958. His marriage to Adonia ended in 1953, and he married Constance Belchem in 1954. In 1958, McIndoe delivered the Bradshaw Lecture at the Royal College of Surgeons on the topic of the reconstruction of the burned face.[4] He took part in the founding of the British Association of Plastic Surgeons (BAPS) and later served as its third President. The Guinea Pig Club continued to meet after the war, and McIndoe remained its President until his death.

Death

Archibald McIndoe died in his sleep of a heart attack on 11 April 1960, aged 59, in his house at 84

Albion Gate, London.[5] He was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium, and his ashes were given the unique honour for a civilian of being buried at the Royal Air Force church of St Clement Danes
in London.

Personal life

McIndoe married Adonia Aitkin of Dunedin on 31 July 1924. They had two daughters, Adonia and Vanora. They were divorced in 1953. In 1954, McIndoe married Constance Belchem, the former wife of Major-General R. F. K. Belchem.[6]

Legacy

Blue plaque on McIndoe's former home at Avenue Court, 23–29 Draycott Avenue, Chelsea, London
Monument to McIndoe in East Grinstead, by Martin Jennings

On 22 March 1961, the British

Minister of Health opened the Blond McIndoe Centre named in his honour at the Queen Victoria Hospital
, East Grinstead. The Blond McIndoe Centre, now named the Blond McIndoe Research Foundation, continues research into pioneering treatments to improve wound healing. The Blond McIndoe Research Foundation is a registered charity.

The McIndoe Burns Centre at Queen Victoria Hospital was dedicated in 1994, and there is a burns victim support group centred there which also bears his name.

Specialist science laboratories at Otago Boys' High School, built in 1967, are named in his honour. The school later named one of its houses after McIndoe after the introduction of a house system in 2013.[7][8]

The Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, a major medical research centre in Wellington, New Zealand, is named in honour of McIndoe and his cousin Sir Harold Gillies.[9]

In 2000, an English Heritage blue plaque was erected on McIndoe's former London home at Avenue Court, Draycott Avenue, Chelsea.

A bronze monument commemorating McIndoe by

Princess Anne in East Grinstead High Street, in front of Sackville College, in 2014. It depicts the standing McIndoe resting his hands reassuringly on the shoulders of a seated injured airman, whose burned hands are clawed together, and whose scarred face is turned to one side. The two figures are encircled by a stone bench.[2]

Publications

See also

  • Mollie Lentaigne, a medical artist and nurse at East Grinstead who made drawings of McIndoe's procedures

References

  1. ^ Meikle 2013, p. 109.
  2. ^ a b de Quetteville, Harry (30 May 2014). "The pioneering surgeon who healed men scarred by war, a new monument created in his honour – and the remarkable twist of fate that links them". Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  3. ^ Brewer, M. (2010). "New Zealand and the Légion d'honneur: Officiers, Commandeurs and Dignites". The Volunteers: The Journal of the New Zealand Military Historical Society. 35 (3): 131–147.
  4. ^ McIndoe 1983.
  5. ^ Meikle 2013, p. 195.
  6. ^ "McIndoe, Sir Archibald (Hector)". Who's Who. A & C Black. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  7. ^ "Houses » Otago Boys' High School". obhs.school.nz. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  8. ^ Lewis, John (12 June 2012). "Otago Boys' to introduce house system". Otago Daily Times Online News. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  9. ^ Gillies McIndoe Research Institute website

Bibliography

External links

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