Architecture of Georgia
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The architecture of Georgia refers to the styles of architecture found in Georgia. The country is exceptionally rich in architectural monuments. Characteristic features of the Georgian architecture are monumentality, clear composition, strict proportions, moderate use of decorations, and above all these the harmonic interaction with nature.[1]
Georgian architecture is influenced by a number of architectural styles, including several each for
are among the finest examples of medieval Georgian castles.Georgian medieval churches have a distinct character, though related to
Other
History
The history of construction in Georgia can be traced back to the 5th-4th millennia BC, from
7th century
This was the period of considerable rethinking of church internal space. It was increased by introduction of pillars that held now the tholobate, which gave possibility to experiment with the walls and improved esthetic perception of the interior. Traditional triangular niches by the sides of the apse also appear in this century. First such example, which actually started new traditions, was Tsromi church.
10th century
The first hints of the emerging 11-13th century architecture appear in this period in Kumurdo Cathedral.
11th century
From the beginning of the century Georgian architecture becomes exceptionally artistic and decorative. Facades acquire rich relief ornamentation and arcading. Predominant ornamental motifs are inspired from nature – flowers, birds, wild and domestic mammals and people. Characteristic for eastern façade axial two rombs with ornamented window and cross above, first appeared in Samtavisi, was later used up until the 13th century. Many earlier built churches, like Svetitskhoveli and Manglisi cathedrals, were substantially rebuilt and decorated in the 11th century.
Major step in the general design was introduction of the cross-in-square plan.
Examples of that period: Samtavisi Cathedral, Samtavro church.
12th century
Following the traditions established in the 11th century, the accent was put on increased illumination of interiors in order to better observe frescos. This reflected in creating more windows in dome and side walls.
Examples: Ikorta church.
13th century
Bell towers near the churches start to be constructed from the middle of the century.
Invasion of
14th century
The decline, which began in the previous century due to
See also
References
Further reading
- The Georgians, David Marshal Lang, 6th chapter: Architecture & Art