Argus Panoptes
Argus or Argos Panoptes (
.Mythology
Argus Panoptes (Ἄργος Πανόπτης) was the guardian of the
The epithet Panoptes, reflecting his mythic role, set by Hera as a very effective watchman of Io, was described in a fragment of a lost poem Aigimios, attributed to Hesiod:[5]
And set a watcher upon her, great and strong Argus, who with four eyes looks every way. And the goddess stirred in him unwearying strength: sleep never fell upon his eyes; but he kept sure watch always.
In the 5th century and later, Argus' wakeful alertness was explained for an increasingly literal culture as his having so many eyes that only a few of the eyes would sleep at a time: there were always eyes still awake. In the 2nd century AD Pausanias noted at Argos, in the temple of Zeus Larissaios, an archaic image of Zeus with a third eye in the center of his forehead, allegedly Priam's Zeus Herkeios purloined from Troy.[6]
Argus was
The sacrifice of Argus liberated Io and allowed her to wander the earth, although tormented by a gadfly sent by Hera, until she reached the Ionian Sea, named after her, from where she swam to Egypt and gave birth to a love child of Zeus, according to some versions of the myth.
According to
The myth makes the closest connection of Argus, the neatherd, with the
Eponyms
Argus Panoptes is referenced in the scientific names of at least eight animals, each of which bears a pattern of eye spots: reptiles
Gallery
Argus, Io and Hermes
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Io wearing bovine horns watched over by Argos on Hera's orders, antique fresco from Pompeii
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Io changed into a cow, Mercury cuts off Argus' head by Bernard Picart (1733)
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Mercurius and Argus by Jan van de Velde (1615-1641)
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Mercury Lulling Argus to Sleep by Ubaldo Gandolfi (c. 1770–1775)
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Mercury About to Behead Argus by Ubaldo Gandolfi (c. 1770–1775)
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Mercury and Argus Alejandro de la Cruz(1773)
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Mercury and Argus byPetr Ivanov(1776)
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Argus Guarding Io Who Has Been Transformed into a White Heifer Jacopo Amigoni (18th century)
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Mercury about to Kill Argus Having Lulled Him to Sleep by Jacopo Amigoni (18th-century)
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Merkur und Argus by Charles-André van Loo (18th century)
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Landscape with Mercury and Argus byJan Both(c. 1650)
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Mercury and Argus
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Argos wird von Hermes by Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld (1794–1872)
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Mercury killing Argus by Nicolas Bertin (1700s)
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Die Landschaft mit Merkur und Argus by Hieronymus Cock (c. 1558)
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Mercury and Argus by Jacob Jordaens and Jan Wildens (c. early 1640s)
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Mercury, Argus and Io by Abraham Bloemaert (c. 1592)
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Mercury and Argos by Abraham Hondius (2nd half of 17th century)
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Mercury and Argus by Andrea Locatelli (1st half of 18th century)
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Mercurius, Argus and Io by Cornelis Bisschop (17th century)
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Mercury and Argus by Follower of Claude Lorrain (17th century)
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Mercury slaying Argus by Bonifazio Veronese
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Mercury and Argus by René-Antoine Houasse (c. 1688)
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Mercury lulling Argus with his music by Circle ofCornelius van Poelenburgh(c. 1650)
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Argus, Mercury and Io by Jacob van Campen (c. 1630-1640)
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Mercury Piping to Argus by Johann Carl Loth (c. 1655-60)
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Mercury and Argus by Jean Lemaire (1625-1640)
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Mercurio addormenta Argo suonando il flauto by Hendrick de Somer
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Mercury about to Kill Argus Having Lulled Him to Sleep by Jacopo Amigoni (1730-1732)
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Mercury and Argus by Carel Fabritius (between c. 1645 and c. 1647)
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Mercury and Argos by Peter Paul Rubens (1636-1638)
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Mercury and Argus by Peter Paul Rubens (between 1635 and 1638)
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Mercury and Argus by Pieter van Bloemen (early 18th century)
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Hermes is putting Argus's eyes asleep to free Io by Nikolay Koshelev (1864)
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Mercury and Argus by Jan van Kessel the Elder (before 1679)
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Landscape with Mercury and Argus by Paul Bril (1606)
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Landscape with Mercury and Argus (c. 1570)
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Mercury Killing Argus by Hendrik Goltzius (1589)
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Mercury Putting Argus to Sleep byHendrik Goltzius(16th or 17th century)
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Mercury Killing Argus by Antonio Tempesta (1606)
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Illustrations to the Metamorphoses of Ovid, Mercury Rescuing Io from Argus by Godfried Maes (1664 - 1700)
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Juno (Hera) commits Io to Argus Panoptes by Francesco de Mura (1696–1784)
See also
Notes
- Metamorphoses 1.623.
- eponymous nymph of nearby Mycenae, while according to a scholiast on Homer's Odyssey, citing the Epic Cycle, Mycene and Arestor were the parents of Argus Panoptes, see Fowler, p. 236; Nostoi fr. 8* (West, pp. 160, 161) = Scholiast on the Odyssey 2.120.
- ^ ISBN 9781438126395.
- ^ Walter Burkert, Homo Necans (1972) 1983:166-67.
- ^ Hesiodic Aigimios, fragment 294, reproduced in Merkelbach and West 1967 and noted in Burkert 1983:167 note 28.
- ^ Pausanias, 2.24.4 (noted by Burkert 1983:168 note 28).
- ^ Homer, Iliad ii.783; Hesiod, Theogony, 295ff; Apollodorus, 2.1.2).
- ^ Apollodorus, 2.1.4.
- ^ Beltrán, Carlos (December 2020). "Argos Panoptes and the distribution of points in the sphere". Teamco - University of Cantabria. Archived from the original on 2020-12-14.
- ^ Hermes was tried, exonerated, and earned the epithet Argeiphontes, "killer of Argos".
- ^ Ovid, Metamorphoses 1.624.
- peacockis an Eastern bird, unknown to Greeks before the time of the Greco-Persian Wars (Tortel, pp. 119-132).
- ^ Moschus 2.59
- ISBN 978-0-415-23851-9.
- ^ Apollodorus, 2.1.2.
- .
- ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Argus", p. 11).
References
- .
- .
- Fowler, R. L. (2013), Early Greek Mythography: Volume 2: Commentary, Oxford University Press, 2013. ISBN 978-0198147411.
- Impelluso, Lucia, Gods and Heroes in Art, Getty Publications, 2003.
- Ovid, Metamorphoses, Brookes More, Boston, Cornhill Publishing Co. 1922. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Pausanias, Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Tortel C., (2019), Sacralisé, diabolisé: le paon dans les religions de l'Asie à la Méditerranée, Geuthner, 2019. ISBN 978-2-7053-3987-6.
- West, M. L., Greek Epic Fragments: From the Seventh to the Fifth Centuries BC. Edited and translated by Martin L. West. Loeb Classical Library No. 497. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2003. Online version at Harvard University Press.