Argyria

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Argyria (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with
the Blue Fugates
.
Argyria
Other namesArgyrosis
For many years, man had used nose drops containing silver. His skin biopsy showed silver deposits in the dermis, confirming the diagnosis of argyria.
Generalized argyria in a 92-year-old male.
SpecialtyDermatology

Argyria or argyrosis is a

condition caused by excessive exposure to chemical compounds of the element silver, or to silver dust.[1] The most dramatic symptom of argyria is that the skin turns blue or blue-gray. It may take the form of generalized argyria or local argyria. Generalized argyria affects large areas over much of the visible surface of the body. Local argyria shows in limited regions of the body, such as patches of skin, parts of the mucous membrane or the conjunctiva
.

The terms argyria and argyrosis have long been used interchangeably,

Ancient Greek
: ἄργυρος (argyros, 'silver').

Pathophysiology

In humans and other animals, chronic intake of silver products commonly leads to gradual accumulation of silver compounds in various parts of the body.[4] As in photography (where silver is useful because of its sensitivity to light), exposure of pale or colorless silver compounds to sunlight decomposes them to silver metal or silver sulfides. Commonly these products deposit as microscopic particles in the skin, in effect a dark pigment. This condition is known as argyria or argyrosis.

Chronic intake also may lead to silver pigments depositing in other organs exposed to light, particularly the eyes.[5] In the conjunctiva this is not generally harmful, but it also may affect the lens, leading to serious effects.

Localized argyria often results from topical use of substances containing silver, such as some kinds of eye drops. Generalized argyria results from chronically swallowing or inhaling silver compounds, either for home medicinal purposes, or as a result of working with silver or silver compounds.[6]

While silver is potentially toxic to humans at high doses, the risk of serious harm from low doses, given over a short term, is small. Silver is used in some medical appliances because of its anti-microbial nature, which stems from the

colloidal silver) can lead to argyria in the skin and other organs. This is not life-threatening, but is considered by most to be cosmetically undesirable.[4][5][7][8]

The reference dose, published by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in 1991, which represents the estimated daily exposure that is unlikely to incur an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime, is 5 µg/(kg·d).[4]

Argyria worsens and builds up as exposure to silver continues, and does not resolve once exposure stops because the silver atoms cannot be removed from the skin and other tissues.

History

Since at least the mid-19th century, doctors have known that silver or silver compounds can cause some areas of the skin and other body tissues to turn grey or blue-gray.

microscopic silver particles, was also used as an internal medication to treat a variety of diseases. In the 1940s, they were overtaken by the use of pharmaceutical antibiotics, such as penicillin
.

Society and culture

Colloidal silver is illegally marketed as a medicine, but it is not effective and may interfere with the functioning of some medications, such as antibiotics and thyroxine.[11]

A prominent case involving the ingestion of colloidal silver was that of American

colloidal silver was a self-prescribed measure undertaken in response to fears that the Y2K problem would make antibiotics unavailable, an event that did not occur.[13][15] He is reported to have said that given the chance to go back, he would do it again.[13] He maintains that his good health, excepting the unusual skin tone, is the result of his use of colloidal silver.[15]

In 2007, press reports described

triple bypass surgery about five years ago".[18][19]

Rosemary Jacobs is a prominent activist against alternative medicine. As a child, Jacobs was treated for allergies with nose drops that contained colloidal silver, and developed argyria as a result.[20] Jacobs came to international attention after Paul Karason was on The Today Show in 2008.[21][22] From 2010 to 2013, Jacobs posted about topics in health fraud, particularly naturopathy, on her blog.[23]

Possible implications

Although research is still not definitive, the literature has suggested that argyria can cause a decrement in kidney function. Additionally, a lack of night vision may be present.[24] The lack of night vision would most likely be due to damaged rods in the eye, from the exposure to silver or silver dust particles in the ocular region.[citation needed]

See also

  • Amalgam tattoo
  • Bismuthia – Medical condition
  • Carotenodermia
     – Skin discoloration caused by carotenoids
  • Chrysiasis – dermatological condition induced by the parenteral administration of gold salts
  • Methemoglobinemia – Condition of elevated methemoglobin in the blood, another condition known for causing blue skin coloration

References

  1. OCLC 62736861
    .
  2. ^ Guttmann, Paul. tr. by A. Napier. A handbook of physical diagnosis comprising the throat, thorax and abdomen. 1879. May be downloaded from https://archive.org/details/ahandbookphysic02guttgoog
  3. ^ Fox, Lawrance Webster. A practical treatise on ophthalmology. Pub. D. Appleton and company NY. 1920. May be downloaded from https://archive.org/details/apracticaltreat00foxgoog
  4. ^
    PMID 8632503
    .
  5. ^
    PMID 16766878
    .
  6. PMID 16021155
    .
  7. ^ "ToxFAQsTM for Silver" (PDF). July 1999.
  8. ^ "Public Health Statement: Silver" (PDF). ATSDR.
  9. ^ London Medical Gazette: Or, Journal of Practical Medicine. 1843. pp. 791–. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
  10. ^ The Cincinnati Lancet and Observer. E.B. Stevens. 1859. pp. 141–. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
  11. ^ "Colloidal Silver". NCCIH.
  12. ^ Blaine Harden (November 12, 2006). "A True Blue Libertarian". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  13. ^
    National Public Radio
    . Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  14. ISSN 0028-792X
    . Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  15. ^ a b Kotynski, Tom (30 September 2002). "Colloidal Silver News - Senate candidate sports a 'healthy' shade of blue". Colloidal Silver News, Generators, Facts and More. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  16. ^ Joseph Angier (August 20, 2008). "Feeling Blue Over Skin Color". ABC News. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  17. ^ "Why This Man Turned Blue". Today. NBC News. 7 January 2008. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  18. ^ "Internet Sensation 'Papa Smurf' Dies, Other Blue People Live On". ABC News. 25 September 2013. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  19. ^ "Real-life 'Blue Man' dies after heart attack, stroke". Today. 24 September 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  20. ^ Jacobs, Rosemary (1998). "My Story". Rosemary's Story. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  21. ^ "Woman who turned silver warns of dangers of internet medicines". The Telegraph. 5 September 2008. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  22. ^ Hit Blames on Colloidal Silver (5 September 2008). "Colloidal Silver: FAQ". WebMD. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  23. ^ Jacobs, Rosemary. "Rosemary's Medical Blog". Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  24. PMID 469606
    .

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Argyria (illness).
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