Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic

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Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic
Кыргыз Республикасынын Куралдуу Күчтөрү
Kırgız Respublikasının Kuralduu Küçtörü
Kyrgyz Revolution of 2020
  • 2021 Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes
  • 2022 Kazakh unrest
  • 2022 Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes
  • 2022 Isfara missile attacks

    • Kyrgyz peacekeeping forces participated:
    RanksMilitary ranks of Kyrgyzstan

    The Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic

    Border Troops
    .

    History

    Early years

    The Armed Forces were formed on 29 May 1992 when President of the

    Batken Conflict occurred in southwestern Kyrgyzstan, during which militants of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) made incursions of into Uzbek and Kyrgyz territory from their camps in Tajikistan
    .

    21st century

    In 2006, the Air Force and Air Defense Forces were combined to form the Kyrgyz Air Force. The same year, the term of service was reduced from 18 to 12 months (1 year). In February 2014, the Armed Forces General Staff was expanded to have complete control over the military apparatus, with the ministry of defense becoming a state defense committee which plays a smaller and more administrative role.[7] Despite this arrangement, many former military/security officials such as Taalaibek Omuraliev and Adyl Kurbanov were in favor of returning the military to its former organization.[8]

    Following the inauguration of President Sadyr Japarov in early February 2021, the Ministry of Defense was reestablished following a 7-year hiatus.[9] After signing the new Constitution of Kyrgyzstan in May 2021, President Japarov called for reform in the military, particularly the need to "organize the army according to the principle of special units, fully trained and technologically equipped to conduct military operations in mountainous conditions." He also at the same time called for the creation of "people’s guards", which according to him, will provide mobilization readiness amongst the population living in border areas.[10]

    Military units

    Armed Forces of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan

    • Сарбаздар Катары / Sarbazdar Katary (Russian: Zveno) — 4 units
    • Аскер Бөлүгү / Asker Bölügü (Russian: Отделение/Otdeleniye) — 8 units
    • Взвод / Vzvod — 32 units
    • Ширкет / Shirket (Russian: Рота/Rota) — 96 units
    • Табур, Батальон / Tabur, Battalion (Russian: Батальон/Batalion) — 540 units
    • Полк / Polk — 2700 units
    • Тугай, Бригада / Tugaý, Brigada — 5400 units
    • Бөлүм, Дивизия / Bölüm, Diviziya — 10.000+ units
    • Колоор, Корпус / Koloor, Korpus — 30.000+ units

    Special forces units list

    National Guard of Kyrgyzstan

    Main article: National Guard (Kyrgyzstan)

    National Guardee of Kyrgyz Republic/NGKR
    Кыргыз Республикасынын Улуттук Уланы/КРУУ

    • BKT/BARS, Commandant's Brigade «BARS», Kyrgyz: «БАРС» комендант тугайы, БКТ
    • ÉTAT/EDELWEISS, Mountain Rifle Brigade "Edelweiss", Kyrgyz: «Эдельвейс» тоо-аткыч тугайы, ЭТАТ
    • PANTHER, Special Forces Brigade "Panther", Kyrgyz: «Пантера» Өзгөчө Багыттагы Тугайы ПӨБТ
    • Guard of Honor Company, Kyrgyz: Ардак Кароолунун Ширкети АКШ
    • MANAS, Detachment "Manas", Kyrgyz: "МАНАС" жасагы
    • «GÜRZA» reconnaissance company, Kyrgyz: "ГҮРЗА" Барлоо Ширкети ГБШ

    Army

    Main article: Kyrgyz Army

    For much of the Soviet period, since 1967, the 8th Guards 'Panfilov' Motor Rifle Division was the main military force in the country. In 1967 the division had been moved to Bishkek from the Baltic Military District, where it had previously been based. It was only disbanded in January 2003.[11] However, in 2011 reports said the division had been reformed with its headquarters in Tokmak. The Army of Kyrgyzstan includes the 1st Motor Rifle Brigade (Mountain) at Osh, a brigade at Koy-Tash, in the Bishkek area, the 25th Special Forces Brigade, independent battalions at Karakol and Naryn, a brigade at Balykchi, and other units. Two Groups of Forces, the Southern, and more recently the Northern, have been active during Kyrgyzstan's history. In 2004, the Northern Group of Forces was reported as consisting of the Balykchynsky brigade, the brigade deployed in suburb of Bishkek, separate battalions in Karakol and Naryn, and other army units.[12]

    The Army controls the Combat Training Center and Training Center "Ala-Too".

    Air Force

    Main article: Kyrgyz Air Force

    Kyrgyzstan's air arm was inherited from the central Soviet air force training school. This presented the nation a fleet of nearly 70 L-39s, dismantled MiG-21's and several Mi-8's and Mi-24's. However, only a few L-39s and the helicopters are capable of flight. All Kyrgyz military aircraft are reportedly based at

    Kant, alongside the Russian 999th Air Base.[13]
    Because of expense and military doctrine, Kyrgyzstan has not developed its air capability; a large number of the MiG-21 interceptors that it borrowed from Russia were returned in 1993, although a number of former Soviet air bases remain available. In 1996 about 100 decommissioned MiG-21s remained in Kyrgyzstan, as of 2017 only 29 MiG-21s are in working order, in service along with ninety-six L-39 trainers and sixty-five helicopters. The air defense forces have received aid from Russia, which has sent military advisory units to establish a defense system. The Russians also help patrol Kyrgyz airspace as part of the
    War on terror. This agreement lasted until June 2014.[14][15]

    National Guard

    The

    Internal Troops were absorbed into the National Guard as a result of the ongoing military reforms. This would remain this way until September 2018 when they were separated once again.[18]

    Equipment

    Military equipment of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic
    Name Image Origin In service Notes
    Tanks
    T-72 "Ural" Early  Soviet Union N/A [19]
    T-72 "Ural" Late N/A [19]
    T-72A N/A [19]
    Armoured fighting vehicles
    BRDM-2  Soviet Union N/A [19]
    BRDM-2MS  Russia N/A [19]
    MT-LB  Soviet Union
     Kyrgyzstan     		N/A (Some with ZU-23 AA Guns).[19]
    Infantry fighting vehicles
    BMP-1  Soviet Union N/A [19]
    BMP-1(P) N/A [19]
    BMP-1D N/A [19]
    BMP-2 Obr. 1984 N/A [19]
    BMP-2D N/A [19]
    BMD-1 N/A [19]
    Armoured personnel carriers
    BTR-70  Soviet Union N/A [19]
    BTR-70M  Russia N/A [19]
    BTR-80  Soviet Union N/A [19]
    Infantry mobility vehicles
    GAZ Tigr-M
    		  Russia N/A [19]
    CS/VN3 Dajiang  China N/A [19]
    Tiger N/A [19]
    EQ2050F N/A [19]
    Technicals
    Toyota Land Cruiser  United Arab Emirates N/A [19]
    Ford Ranger  United States N/A [19]
    Towed artillery
    100mm BS-3  Soviet Union N/A (Used for avalanche control).[19]
    100mm
    KS-19
    		 N/A (Used for avalanche control).[19]
    122mm D-30 N/A [19]
    152mm 2A65 Msta-B N/A [19]
    Self-propelled artillery
    120mm 2S9 Nona  Soviet Union N/A [19]
    122mm 2S1 Gvozdika N/A [19]
    Multiple rocket launchers
    122mm BM-21 Grad  Soviet Union N/A [19]
    122mm 9P138 Grad-1 N/A [19]
    Towed anti-aircraft guns
    23mm ZU-23  Soviet Union N/A [19]
    Self-propelled anti-aircraft guns
    ZSU-23-4 'Shilka'  Soviet Union N/A [19]
    Static surface-to-air missile systems
    S-75  Soviet Union N/A (One site protecting the capital Bishkek).[19]
    S-125 N/A (Two sites protecting the capital Bishkek).[19]
    Self-propelled surface-to-air missile systems
    9K35 Strela-10  Soviet Union N/A [19]
    Radars
    P-15 'Flat Face A'  Soviet Union N/A [19]
    P-18 'Spoon Rest D' N/A [19]
    Smart Hunter  China N/A (For use in conjunction with MANPADS).[19]
    SNR-75 'Fan Song'  Soviet Union N/A (For S-75).[19]
    SNR-125 'Low Blow' N/A (For S-125).[19]
    Reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicles
    Orlan-10E  Russia N/A (Not yet seen).[19]
    WJ-100  China N/A [19]
    Unmanned combat aerial vehicles
    Bayraktar Akıncı  Turkey N/A [20]
    Bayraktar TB2
    		 N/A (Armed with four MAM-C or MAM-L PGMs).[19]
    TAI Aksungur 2 [21]
    Saara-02  Kyrgyzstan N/A (Armed with two Bask-80 PGMs).[19]

    Foreign military presence and international cooperation

    In terms of foreign presence, the U.S.-led

    former Soviet state. Moscow is believed to have promised Bishkek $1.1 billion for modernizing its army. Agreements to this effect were reached during the visits to Bishkek by Deputy Prime Minister Igor Shuvalov in August and President Vladimir Putin in September 2012.[22] As of fall 2023, Russia supplies various military equipment and also begins to form a joint air defense system.[23][24][25] Since May 1992, Kyrgyzstan has been a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization. In addition, its leaders work within the framework of the Council of Ministers of Defense of the CIS. Kyrgyzstan hosted the Second CIS Military Sports Games in 2017 in Balykchy. The games included various competition in shooting, fighting, etc.[26] On 16 July 2018, the opening of the Kyrgyz-Indian Mountain Training Center took place in Balykchy at the Edelweiss Training Center, built with funds allocated by the Government of India.[27][28]

    The personnel of the armed forces also take part in UN peacekeeping missions. Currently, Kyrgyz forces are serving in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Sudan, East Timor, Ethiopia and Kosovo.[29]

    Personnel

    Military education

    guard of honor
    near a monument in Bishkek's main square

    The main military educational institutions include:

    Kyrgyzstan has an agreement with the Russian Federation, according to which Kyrgyz soldiers are trained in military academies in Russia. The training of officers is carried out in the military educational institutions of the

    People's Republic of China
    .

    Training centers

    The Center for Advanced Training of Officers and NCOs of the Defense Ministry was opened in early 2007. It was designed to offer one-month professional training courses. In 2005, the NCO Training School of the Combined Arms Training Center of the Armed Forces was opened at the base of the 2nd Independent Motorized Rifle Brigade.[30] In 2013, the border guard opened classes at more than 100 secondary schools.[31] The Edelweiss Training Center operates in the Issyk-Kul Region.

    High schools

    The Kyrgyz State National Military Lyceum and MVD High School are secondary schools that trains middle-tier commanders in the armed forces.

    Kyrgyz State Medical Academy Faculty

    Cadets of the institute during a victory day parade in central Moscow in 2020.

    The Military Faculty of Kyrgyz State Medical Academy was created in the beginning of the Second World War, specifically in October 1941 when there was a shortage of medical personnel in the medical service. Originally it was the Sanitary Department of Defence, and in 1942 it was renamed to the Department of Military and Health Training, and has since 1944 been known as the Department of Military Medical Training. It currently engages in the military training of students of medical, pediatric, dental, sanitary and pharmaceutical departments of the armed forces.[32]

    Conscription

    Kyrgyz Armed Forces have inherited conscription from the Armed Forces of USSR. The length of conscription was reduced to 12 months from initial 18 in 2006. Today, Kyrgyz Armed Forces employ a policy of reducing the service period for university graduates to 9 months.[33] Alternative service exists, however, it is only offered to conscripts who belong to certain religious groups.[34]

    Affiliated security forces

    References

    1. ^ "As it turns out, May 29th marks the anniversary of the creation of the Kyrgyz Military". 2014-05-29.
    2. ^ "Садыр Жапаров: Если из-за "дедовщины" у солдата пойдет кровь, командиры, предупреждаю, вас посадят". ИА АКИpress (in Russian). 2022-11-26. Archived from the original on 2022-11-26. Retrieved 2022-11-26.
    3. ^ "Peace Research Institute". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
    4. ^ Kyrgyz: Кыргыз Республикасынын Куpaлдуу Kүчтөpү, Kırgız Respublikasının Kuralduu Küçtörü
    5. ^ Вооруженные силы — Государство — О Киргизии — Добро пожаловать в Киргизию!
    6. ^ AnydayGuide. "Armed Forces Day in Kyrgyzstan / May 29, 2017". AnydayGuide. Retrieved 2017-09-14.
    7. ^ "В Кыргызстане создан Генеральный штаб вооруженных сил". www.vesti.kg. 2014-02-04. Retrieved 2019-05-22.
    8. ^ "Реформа Вооруженных сил Кыргызстана. Сплошные парадоксы". 2018-09-28.
    9. ^ "Президент Киргизии решил вновь создать в республике минобороны". tass.ru.
    10. ^ PODOLSKAYA, Darya (2021-05-05). "President's message: Armed Forces of Kyrgyzstan to be reformed". 24.kg. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
    11. ^ "Force _sng". Archived from the original on 2007-12-15. Retrieved 2007-01-29. - accessed Aug 2007 and Jan 2008
    12. ^ Vad777, accessed July 2008, reporting http://www.sk.kg/2004/n19/7.html - 2004, a dead link
    13. ^ "World Air Forces 2000 pg. 73". flightglobal.com. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
    14. ^ "World Air Forces 2004 pg. 70". flightglobal.com. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
    15. ^ Joshua Kucera. "U.S. Formally Closes Its Kyrgyzstan Air Base". Eurasianet. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
    16. ^ "Kyrgyzstan gets national guard, Soviet troops selling uniforms". UPI. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
    17. ^ "calendr.net/holiday/1099". calendr.net. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
    18. ^ "Внутренние войска будут выведены из состава Нацгвардии КР". 11 September 2018.
    19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq Oryx. "Central Asian Armour: Kyrgyzstan's Inventory of AFVs". Oryx. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
    20. ^ "LYNKEUS'un Son Atışlı Testi Güney Kıbrıs'ta Gerçekleştirildi" (in Turkish). 2022-10-12. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
    21. ^ "TUSAŞ hangi ülkelere kaç adet hava aracı teslim etti?" (in Turkish). 2023-05-24. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
    22. ^ "Russia Gives $1.5 bln to Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan for Military Expenditure". The Gazette of Central Asia. Satrapia. 19 November 2012.
    23. ^ "ЦАМТО / / Антидроновое ружье и ударный БЛА представили российские миротворцы на выставке учения ОДКБ в Киргизии".
    24. ^ "ЦАМТО / / Президент Киргизии ратифицировал соглашение с Россией о создании единой региональной системы ПВО".
    25. ^ "ЦАМТО / / Соглашение России и Киргизии о создании объединенной системы ПВО вступило в силу". ЦАМТО / Центр анализа мировой торговли оружием (in Russian). 2023-11-09. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
    26. ^ "Second Military Sports Games of CIS kick off in Kyrgyzstan". news.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on July 29, 2017.
    27. ^ "На Иссык-Куле открылся кыргызско-индийский центр боевой подготовки - Новости Кыргызстана". www.for.kg. Retrieved 2021-01-30.
    28. ^ Экономика; Политика; Общество; Президент; Парламент; Правительство; Аналитика; Covid-19; Выборы 2020. "В Балыкчы на военном полигоне "Эдельвейс" открылся кыргызско-индийский учебный центр". Информационное Агентство Кабар (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-01-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
    29. ^ "Военное сотрудничество по линии ООН". Archived from the original on 2012-01-01. Retrieved 2012-03-04.
    30. ^ Nuria, Kutnaeva (2007). "Armed Forces and military reform in Kyrgyzstan". Central Asia and the Caucasus. 5 (47): 116–127.
    31. ^ "Райымберди Дуйшембиев, начальник Генерального штаба Вооруженных сил КР, генерал-майор: "В кыргызскую армию приходит больше парней с высшим образованием" » Интервью » Gezitter.org - Чтобы понимали..."
    32. ^ "Almanac: Kyrgyzstan, Republic of • Military Medicine Worldwide". military-medicine.com. Retrieved 2020-05-24.
    33. ^ https://www.wri-irg.org/en/programmes/world_survey/country_report/de/Kyrgyzstan#sdfootnote1anc 1. Conscription
    34. ^ https://www.wri-irg.org/en/programmes/world_survey/country_report/de/Kyrgyzstan#sdfootnote1anc 2. Conscientious objection

    General references

    • CIA World Factbook
      , 2003 edition.
    • IISS
      Military Balance, 2007 edition

    Further reading

    External links

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