Army Cadet Force
This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2014) |
Army Cadet Force (ACF) | |
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CTC Frimley Park | |
Motto(s) | To Inspire to Achieve |
Website | Army Cadets |
Commanders | |
Colonel Commandant | Major General Jonathan |
Command Sergeant Major | David Lightfoot |
Colonel in Chief | Vacant |
National Honorary Colonel | Lorraine Kelly |
National Ambassador | Jordan Wylie |
UK Military Cadet Forces military component of the youth organisations in the United Kingdom |
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Components |
British Overseas Territories |
Former Components |
Personnel |
Allegiance |
The Army Cadet Force (ACF), generally shortened to Army Cadets, is a national
Although sponsored by the Ministry of Defence, the ACF is not part of the British Army, and as such cadets are not subject to military 'call up'.[4] Some cadets do, however, go on to enlist in the armed forces later in life.
The Army Cadet Charitable Trust UK (ACCT UK) is a
As of 1 April 2023, there are 38,180 cadets, and 8,020 Cadet Force Adult Volunteers (CFAVs).[7]
History
In 1859 the
In 1889 renowned social reformer Miss Octavia Hill formed the first independent Cadet Battalion in
The late Victorian period was when the time of social change began to take hold in Britain and Adam Gray - who was considered to be a
In 1908, when the Territorial Force was formed, both the Volunteer and Independent Cadet Companies came under the control of the Territorial Forces Association under the new name of the Cadet Force, whilst the Public School units were part of the Officer Training Corps.[8]
In 1914 at the onset of World War I there was a massive expansion of the Cadet Force; at this time the War Office took back control of the organisation and administration of all Cadet Forces from their Territorial Associations and once again integrated the units into the central war effort.[8]
During
The award of the certificate permitted the holder to wear a four-pointed star (red with khaki edgings) on the lower sleeve. A technical certificate (Certificate "T") was also developed, in 1943, covering engineering knowledge. The award of this gave another four-pointed star, but with the centre in blue. The holder of a Certificate "T" was assured entry into one of the technical corps (RE, RAOC, or REME) on being called up. A Certificate "A" holder was given a shorter training period.
In 1923, as a result of defence cut-backs, all governmental and military support for the Cadet Force was withdrawn, and Cadets were prohibited from wearing regimental insignia, buttons, or badges. This led to the forming of the British National Cadet Association (BNCA) by notable figures such as Lord Allenby who were keen to ensure the survival of the Cadet Force, and who lobbied the Government for both support and funding. This was partially successful during the 1930s, and in 1932 the BNCA was permitted to run the Cadet Force under the guidance of the Territorial Associations.
At the onset of World War II the Cadet Forces supported the Home Guard at a time when there was a significant threat of German invasion; this led to the War Office in 1942 re-assuming administration of Cadet Forces, which at this time consisted of the Cadet Force, Sea Cadet Corps (SCC), and the Air Training Corps (ATC) (named in 1941). When it resumed administration in 1942, the title Army Cadet Force (ACF) was bestowed upon the Cadet Force, leading in 1945 to the BNCA changing its name to the Army Cadet Force Association (ACFA). [8] In 1948 those elements of the Army Cadet Force that came under School administration (approximately 100 units) were split from the ACF and were granted the title Combined Cadet Force (CCF).
In 1956, with World War II over and with National Service coming to an end, the government set up the Amery Committee to report on the future organisation and training of Cadets. Citizenship training was one of the needs and main benefits identified. During this period all Cadet organisations, including the ACF, participated in a pilot scheme for The Duke of Edinburgh's Award; to date it remains one of the UK's largest operating authorities of the Award.
Following the publication of the Amery Report by the government in 1957, the ACF assumed its role as a national youth organisation sponsored by the War Office. This sponsorship remains in place - however, current sponsorship is provided by the Ministry of Defence (MoD), as the War Office was renamed in 1967.
In 1959, also as a result of the Amery Report, a centralized Cadet Training Centre was established at Frimley Park, which remains the home of the Cadet Forces.
In 1960 the ACF celebrated its 100th anniversary with a review of the ACF and CCF in the grounds of Buckingham Palace by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II and His Royal Highness Prince Philip the Duke of Edinburgh. At this time the Duke of Edinburgh presented a banner to the ACF.
Prior to 1982, females were unable to join the ACF, though they were able to join an attached unit (if there was one at that location) of the
In 2010 the Cadet movement celebrated its 150th anniversary with over 150 events in communities up and down the country, and beyond, under the banner of Cadet 150. The main ceremonial event took place on 6 July 2010, when over 1,700 Cadets and adult volunteers paraded down
The Army Cadet Force was also a member of
In 2018, after the theft of three Drill Purpose L103A2 rifles (modified SA80 assault rifles) from an Army Cadet Hall in Newport-on-Tay[13] Drill purpose rifles have been taken into quarantine by the MOD; it was realised during the ensuing police investigation that the Drill Purpose rifles could be modified to fire live rounds.[14]
In 2021, the Army Cadet Force Association (ACFA) was renamed one final to become the Army Cadet Charitable Trust (ACCT). This organisation is a registered charity and plays a vital role in the life of the ACF to this day.[15]
Investigation into sexual abuse
In 2012, payouts made to victims of
Structure and organisation
Most British counties have centralised cadet forces that make up the ACF as a national whole. The counties, or sectors in London, are generally split into companies, each of which includes several detachments, the name given to a unit of cadets that parade in a particular town or village. Some battalions or Counties are affiliated with a certain Regiment or Corps within the British Army, and wear their insignia including cap badge, colour of beret and stable belt subject to individual County/Area regulations. In other battalions or counties each detachment is individually affiliated to a Regiment or Corps within the British Army. Detachments are usually called by the name of the place in which they are based or those attached to schools may use the name of the school.
Cadet Force Adult Volunteers
Adults may join the ACF to instruct through two different routes – as an Adult Instructor (AI) or as a Commissioned Officer.
Adult Instructors
Prospective Adult Instructors begin as a Civilian Assistant (CA) before passing an enhanced disclosure. After completing the Familiarization and Assessment weekend (F&A) the Adult Volunteer is appointed as a Probationary Instructor (PI) at this stage they gain the use of the title Cadet Force Adult Volunteer (CFAV). They will attend 1 further training event to be classed as a "Safe Person" after completing modules on child protection, unit administration and introduction to the ACF. After this event the CFAV will attend further training at county / sector level. Only once completed they are invited to attend an Advanced Instructors Course (AIC) held over one week at brigade level and run by a Cadet Training Team (CTT). On successful completion of this course they will be appointed to the rank of Sergeant Instructor (SI). Progressive training takes place for Adult Instructors, as with cadets, an Adult Instructor may take part in a variety of different courses. An example of a further course which takes place at CTC Frimley Park is the Adult Leadership and Management Course.[18] On successful completion of a course like this (which demonstrates the ability to plan and manage detachment level training) an AI is eligible for promotion to the rank of Staff Sergeant Instructor (SSI). The Exercise Conducting Officer's (ECO) and Cadet Drill instructor Course (CADIC) are also available to AIs and the further ranks of Sergeant Major Instructor (SMI) and Regimental Sergeant Major Instructor (RSMI) are possible on completion of the King George VI course.[19] Adult Instructors will be expected to work in a team with their superiors and senior cadets they are responsible for, to deliver effective training to the cadets.
Officers
The other route a Cadet Force Adult Volunteer (CFAV) in the ACF may take is that of becoming a
Staff costs
The Cadet Force is one of the few voluntary organisations that pays its volunteer staff for their time as an optional Volunteers Allowance (VA). These staff can receive up to 50 days pay per year (Depending on unit size and local budgets), they also receive subsistence and travel expenses for attendance on evenings, weekends and annual camps. In 2009/10 pay bill for ACF part-time staff was £14,632,160 and their expenses totalled £368,349.[21] The cost of full-time staff was estimated at around a further £6,250,000 of public funds.
Safeguarding
Like most organisations involving young people, all adult volunteers are required to undergo a Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check before having unsupervised contact with cadets.[22] They must also receive safeguarding training when joining and must receive update training every 12 months. All ACF counties have a Training Safety Advisor (TSA) who is responsible for reviewing the safety aspects of all training.
Activities
Army Cadet Syllabus
Army Cadet Syllabus [ACS] (the army cadet syllabus brought about in June 2022) is the training syllabus of the ACF and is divided into five levels each covering the core subjects but in more detail as they progress.[23]
- Basic/Recruit (introductory training)[24]
- 1 Star (cadets learn the rudiments of each subject)[25]
- 2 Star (cadets learn each subject in more depth)[26]
- 3 Star (cadets master each subject)[27]
- 4 Star (complete two progressive subjects or courses)
- Master Cadet (cadets must successfully complete the Master Cadet Course held at CTC Frimley following a recommendation from their Cadet Commandant). Cadets must have passed Senior Cadet Instructors Cadre (SCIC) and 4 Star Fieldcraft before attempting the Master Cadet course.
Core subjects
- Drill and Turnout
- Military Knowledge
- Fieldcraft
- Skill at Arms
- Shooting
- Navigation
- Expedition Training
- First Aid
- Physical Training
- Cadet in the Community
Drill and turnout
Cadets are taught a subset of the drill movements taught to the regular army.[28] They begin by learning basic foot drill and progress to learn rifle drill and banner drill. They are also taught how to wear and service their issued uniform.[25]
Fieldcraft
In fieldcraft lessons, cadets learn infantry skills such as patrolling, section battle drills, ambush drills, harbour drills, and how to survive in the field.[29] Field exercises take place once every few months, and at annual camp. On exercise, cadets wear Multi-Terrain Pattern camouflage clothing, camouflage cream to eliminate the face's natural shine, a bush hat and foliage to break up the shape of the head and shoulders, a Cadet Training Vest or PLCE webbing to carry rifle magazines, water bottles and emergency rations, and a bergen to carry a sleeping bag and basha (improvised shelter) building materials. Cadets are issued with 24-hour ration packs (or known as rat packs to cadets) and dragon fire cookers as used by the infantry. As part of a platoon, cadets set up harbour areas (operations bases), post sentries, and send out patrols to carry out reconnaissance, lay ambushes, and assault enemy positions. Cadets become familiar with hand signals for silent communication, and patrol formations for crossing different types of terrain. Scaled down versions of these expeditions are regularly held at a local detachments.
Skill at Arms
The primary weapon of the cadet forces is the
In addition to the L98A2, the cadet forces also use a number of weapons to foster and develop marksmanship and competitive shooting, the largest of these being the
Cadets can enter various shooting competitions, including the ACF Cadet 100 .22 Rifle Competition and the CCRS Country Life (Green Howards) Small-bore .22 Rifle Competition.[32]
Cadets learn how to navigate using a map and compass. Cadets learn to use Ordnance Survey maps plot and find six-figure grid references, calculate distances between points, and to recognise various conventional signs. The two-star map and compass course then introduces cadets to the Silva (Expedition 4) and Suunto (M-5N) lightweight protractor compasses.[citation needed] Cadets learn to use and plot grid and magnetic bearings to understand the three different types of north, to account for deviation of the grid-magnetic angle, to understand contour lines and more advanced conventional signs and the preparation of route cards.[citation needed] Once cadets are experienced in Map and Compass, they are taught how to lead expeditions, which also included their knowledge of fieldcraft.
First aid
As part of the training syllabus Cadets are taught
- Basic complete the British Heart Foundation "Heartstart" course[34] and learn basic incident management.
- One Star Cadets build on the knowledge gained at basic level and learn how to deal with other minor injuries.
- Two Star Cadets are required to complete the St John Ambulance Youth First Aid certificate Course
- Three Star Cadets have to complete the first day of the St John Ambulance Activity First Aid Certificate Course
- Four Star Cadets may choose to complete first aid as one of their progressive subjects. This includes passing the full Activity First Aid Course[35] and completing practical work within their county such as training other cadets for APC awards or competitions.
Cadet in the community
These community projects enrich local knowledge and encourage good citizenship, usually a cadet can contribute to their community by charity collection, public parades, assisting local services and helping at public events. This involvement within the community is important for improving confidence and social skills.
Duke of Edinburgh's Award
The Duke of Edinburgh's Award is a voluntary, non-competitive programme of practical, cultural and adventurous activities for young people aged 14–25 (year 9, if they're a cadet). A young person can undertake a DofE programme at three levels, Bronze (year 9), Silver (year 10) and Gold (16+). Each have differing criteria for entry and the level of commitment necessary to gain each award.[36] Cadets who meet the age criteria can become DofE participants and work towards their own DofE Award.
Cadets are often encouraged to achieve the Bronze, Silver and Gold awards as they progress through their cadet careers. Many cadet force activities can count towards each level of a participants' DofE programme and very often gets them recognition for developing skills and giving to their communities. The DofE is widely recognised by employers as it helps demonstrate that young people who hold a Duke of Edinburgh's are keen to take on new challenges, have a higher level of self-confidence than their counterparts and have leadership qualities with the added experience of teamwork.
Many detachments hold charity events, and participate in various activities such as tree planting, or carrying their standards at a Remembrance Parade in their local area.
Leadership training
Leadership training is an important part of the ACF training programme, with training available at higher levels too. Most areas run NCO courses, designed to help newly promoted NCOs to perform their duties well, or to train those eligible for promotion. There are also a number of courses run centrally by the ACF. This includes the Junior Cadet Instructors Cadre (run locally at a county level) and the Senior Cadet Instructors Course which is run at a Brigade level by Cadet Training Teams.
Master Cadet Course
The Master Cadet Course was introduced in 1989 to advance to the leadership, instructional and administrative abilities of post 4-star cadets.[37][23] It is held at Cadet Training Centre Frimley Park in Surrey. Passing both this course and the Senior Cadet Instructors' Cadre makes the candidate eligible to be appointed as a Master Cadet.[37]
The following criteria must be met to be eligible for the course:[37]
- Aged 16 years old or older
- Hold the rank of sergeant or above
- Have passed fieldcraft as a progressive subject at 4-star level
Cadet Leadership Courses
The Aim of the Cadet Leadership Courses (CLC) is: To develop cadets' initiative and self-reliance and to exercise them in the problems of practical leadership.[38]
The course is open to members of all the Cadet Forces (
) providing they are over 16 and have passed their APC 3 star or equivalent. Each Course has 120 places and is focused on leadership training and assessment, which is developed through a variety of activities including:- Minor Tactics
- Watermanship Training
- Command Tasks
- Sport
- Skill-at-Arms
- Endurance Training
The courses are run by Brigade Cadet Training Teams at varying locations every year, usually at Easter and Autumn half term.
Optional subjects
Communications & Information Systems
Communications & Information Systems (CIS) is the new name for the signals training in the ACF. Cadets learn about the history of signalling, how to send messages over radios and how to erect masts. They are trained on the following radios:
- PRC 343 PRR
- PRC 710
- PRC 715
- PRC 720
There are also other courses available including things such as Cyber Security.
Uniform
All Cadets and CFAVs are issued with Personal Clothing System Combat Uniform (PCS-CU) in Multi-Terrain Pattern (MTP). Cadets are scaled to receive the following:[39]
- Headdress (depends on regimental affiliation) –
- Two PCS Lightweight Jackets
- Two pairs of PCS trousers
- PCS Windproof Smock
- Thermal Undershirt
- Two Olive Undershirts
- Working Belt
- two pairs of woolly socks
Some counties may charge a small deposit for uniform that is refundable on its return. All CFAVs must have "ACF" visible at all times on their uniform and cadets wear rank slides titled "CADET".[39] Boots must be purchased by the cadet or their parents if not supplied.
The ACF has its own stable belt which can be worn by cadets and instructors, but they can also wear the stable belt of their affiliated regiment/corps. Stable belts can be worn by cadets of any rank but many counties impose local requirements such as star level or rank. They may be issued at the expense of the detachment or company but are usually a private purchase item.
Tactical Recognition Flashes are not to be worn by Cadet Force Adult Volunteers (CFAVs) or cadets irrespective of any affiliation to a Corps or Regiment.[40] Cadets and CFAVs do wear county and contingent flashes of the Army Cadet Force.[40]
Mayor's Cadet
Some mayors appoint a member of the cadet forces to the role of Mayor's Cadet. The cadet may wear a special badge or carry a pace stick to indicate their role.[41]
Lord Lieutenant's Cadet
Cadets can be appointed to this role and are then entitled to wear the Lord Lieutenant's Cadet badge as well as issue Number 2 Dress.[42]
Ranks
Ranks in the ACF follow the pattern of those in the British Army.
Cadet ranks
As well as learning new skills by working through the APC syllabus, experienced cadets can be awarded a rank. As the Army allows its soldiers to take on responsibility and leadership as non-commissioned officers (NCOs), so too does the ACF.[43]
Army Cadet Force |
||||||||||||
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Under Officer (CCF Only) | Cadet Regimental Sergeant Major |
Cadet Company Sergeant Major |
Cadet Staff Sergeant |
Cadet Sergeant |
Cadet Corporal |
Cadet Lance Corporal |
Cadet | Recruit | ||||
UO | Cdt RSM | Cdt CSM | Cdt SSgt | Cdt Sgt | Cdt Cpl | Cdt LCpl | Cdt | Rct |
Cadet NCOs wear the issued cadet rank slides, pictured above.[39] The titles of some ranks may vary as cadet detachments are affiliated to Army regiments and adopt their terminology. There is usually only one Cadet RSM per county or sector.
Although promotion is based on merit rather than progression through the APC syllabus, the following criteria must be met before a cadet is eligible for promotion:[44]
- Cadet Lance Corporal – Passed ACS 1 Star
- Cadet Corporal – Passed ACS 2 Star
- Cadet Sergeant – Passed ACS 3 Star and the JCIC course
- Cadet Staff/Colour Sergeant – Passed ACS 4 Star and the SCIC course
- Cadet Sergeant Major/Company Sergeant Major – Passed APC 4 Star and the SCIC course
- Cadet Regimental Sergeant Major – Passed Master Cadet and the SCIC course
- Cadet Under Officer – Passed Master Cadet and the SCIC course[45]
In some instances, cadets that do not meet the requirements for these ranks can be promoted with the agreement of the ACF Cadet Commandant.[46]
Staff cadets
From 2020 cadets who are over the age of 18, have completed APC 3-Star and hold the rank of Sergeant or above can become a "Staff Cadet". These cadets wear a rank slide with the words 'STAFF CADET' embroidered above their rank insignia. A staff cadet can remain a cadet until their 20th birthday.[47]
Insignia The words STAFF CADET must be displayed in combination with the badge |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Under Officer
|
Regimental Sergeant Major
|
Company Sergeant Major
|
Staff/Colour Sergeant | Sergeant |
CFAV ranks
The adults who help to run the ACF are collectively known as Cadet Force Adult Volunteers (CFAVs). CFAVs wear the badges of rank as worn by Army NCOs[39] with the addition of the letters ACF under the badge.[48]
Insignia The letters ACF must be displayed in combination with the badge |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Regimental Sergeant Major Instructor (RSMI)
|
Sergeant Major Instructor (SMI)
|
Staff Sergeant Instructor (SSI) | Sergeant Instructor (SI) | Probationary Sergeant Instructor (PSI) | Probationary Instructor (PI) | Civilian Assistant |
Officer ranks
Insignia The letters ACF must be displayed in combination with the badge |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Colonel | Lieutenant Colonel
|
Major | Captain | Lieutenant | Second Lieutenant
|
National Honorary Colonel
In November 2019, Lorraine Kelly was appointed the first National Honorary Colonel of the Army Cadet Force.[49]
See also
- Other elements of the Community Cadet Forces
- Other MoD sponsored cadet forces
- Other Army Cadet organisations
- Australian Army Cadets
- Bermuda Cadet Corps
- Royal Canadian Army Cadets
- Hong Kong Adventure Corps
- New Zealand Cadet Corps
- Related articles
- Reserve Forces and Cadets Association
- Cadet Vocational Qualification Organisation (CVQO)
- National Association of Training Corps for Girls
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- ^ a b "ARMY DRESS REGULATIONS (ALL RANKS)" (PDF).
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