Arrah
Arrah
Ara | |
---|---|
UTC+5:30 (IST) | |
PIN Code | 802301, 802302 & 802312 |
Telephone code | +91-6182 |
Vehicle registration | BR-03 |
Railway Station | Ara Junction |
Arrah (also transliterated as Ara)
Typonym
According to a Jain inscription found at Masarh village near the town, Arrah is mentioned there as Aramnagar (transl. City of Aramas). That "Aramnagar" later become "Arrah".[6][7][8]
According to mythologies, the word "Arrah" or "Ara" is derived from the Sanskrit word Aranya, which means forest. It suggests that the entire area around modern Ara was heavily forested in the old days. According to mythology, sage
Arrah has also historically been known as Shahabad, a name given to it by Babur in 1529, when he camped here after his victory against the Afghans of Bihar. The name "Shahabad" means "city of the king" and was used in the former Shahabad district.[11]
In mythologies
Arrah has a mention in Ramayana. According to mythology, sage Vishwamitra, the Guru of Rama, had his Ashram somewhere in this region. Rama killed the demon Taraka somewhere near Arrah.[9][10] In Mahabharata it was the home of the powerful demon called Bakra, whose daily food was human being supplied either by villages of Bakri or Chakrapur (or Ekchakra), as Arrah was then called. Pandava came to Ekchakra during their wandering and they were entertained by a Brahmin whose turn it was to supply a human for the demon. On hearing this, Bhima decided to go himself to the demon as he has eaten a Brahmin's salt, and killed the demon.[12]
History
Ancient
This place is also described by Xuanzang as the place, where the Demons of the Desert abused their strength and power and feasted on blood and flesh of man.[13]
In ancient India, it was the part of
Medieval
In 14th century Chero lost Western Bihar along with Arrah to Ujjainiya Rajputs under the leadership of Hunkar Shahi.[15] They named the territory "Bhojpur" on the name of their ancestor Raja Bhoja. In 1607, a number of Chero chiefs combined to launch a spirited attack against Ujjaniniyas. One of the descendants of Sitaram Rai, Kumkum Chand Jharap drove out Ujjainiyas from the Bhojpur region and captured major parts of the territory.[16] In 1611, Ujjainiyas defeated Cheros and recaptured the lost region again. Sher Shah Suri also defeated Chero during the early 16 century and made Sasaram its capital after defeating the Mughals. In 1604 Chieftain Narayan Mal got a land grant from Jahangir. After that Raja Horil Singh shifted the capital to Dumrao and established Dumraon Raj. Babur pitches his camp in Arrah in 1529 A.D and took control over it.[17]
Modern
After the Battle of Buxar the British took control over Arrah. Arrah was one of the centres of revolt in 1857.
During the
In 1911 the king of England George V visited Arrah and prayed at the Holy Saviour Church.[20][21] Between 1901 and 1911 the town suffered severely due to Plague. As a result, the population in 1911 became 38,549 which was 46,170 in 1901.[22]
Geography
Arrah is located at the elevation of 192 m from the sea level at the bank of
The Ganga river acts as northern boundary of the town and due alluvial deposit the area is very fertile and considered as best wheat growing area of Bihar.The eastern boundary of the town is the Son river which separates and Bhojpuri and Magahi speaking regions of Bihar.[24]
During the British Raj Arrah was the part of Bengal presidency. The land of the city is fertile and most used for cultivation with very low forest cover. The main crops that are grown here are rice, mango and mahuaa.
Climate
The climate is characterised by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The
Climate data for Arrah | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 23 (73) |
26 (78) |
32 (90) |
37 (99) |
38 (100) |
36 (96) |
33 (91) |
32 (89) |
32 (90) |
32 (89) |
28 (82) |
24 (75) |
31 (88) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 11 (51) |
13 (55) |
18 (64) |
23 (74) |
26 (78) |
27 (80) |
27 (80) |
27 (80) |
26 (79) |
23 (73) |
16 (61) |
11 (52) |
21 (69) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 15 (0.6) |
18 (0.7) |
10 (0.4) |
7.6 (0.3) |
36 (1.4) |
180 (7.1) |
290 (11.6) |
330 (13.1) |
220 (8.6) |
58 (2.3) |
7.6 (0.3) |
5.1 (0.2) |
1,190 (46.7) |
Average precipitation days | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1 | 0.7 | 3 | 10.1 | 14 | 15.1 | 8.1 | 4 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 60.5 |
Source: Weatherbase[26] |
Demographics
As per the 2011 census, Arrah Municipal Corporation had a total population of 261,099, out of which 139,319 were males and 121,780 were females. It had a sex ratio of 874. The population below 5 years was 34,419. The effective literacy rate of the 7+ population was 83.41 per cent.[27]
Languages
Government and politics
Administration
The Arrah sub-division (
Blocks
The Arrah Tehsil is divided into 8 Blocks, each headed by a Block Development Officer (BDO). List of Blocks is as follows:
Civic administration
Arrah is the headquarters of the Bhojpur district. On 1 June 1865, the town constituted into a municipality which later became municipal corporation, which currently divides the city in 45 wards.[29] Each ward elects its ward commissioner and, the Mayor is chosen through indirect election in which ward commissioners from respective wards cast their votes.
Police in Arrah is headed by a
Economy
The city has industry area located near Koilwar. The mineral which is abundant here is sand of Son river. The alluvial deposits of Ganga river is considered suitable for brick making, the city mainly produces the revenue through building materials like sand and bricks. In last three year, 300 million tonnes of sand has been mined which has produced a royalty of ₹2800 crores.[30][failed verification]
Culture/Cityscape
Arrah's native language is
The festivals celebrated here are Holi, Durgapuja, Chhath, Diwali, Teej, Jitiya, Gai Dadh (Govardhan Puja), Jamdutiya, Eid, Christmas, etc.
Tourism
Arrah is a holy place for Jains and there are 44 Jain temples in the city.
Aranya Devi Temple
This is a temple of Aranya Devi (Forest Goddess). She is said to be the deity goddess of Ara town. Here one statue is of Adi Shakti and the second is established by the Pandavas. The temple is very old and draws many devotees every day. It is situated at the top of stone boulders.[33][34]
Maulabagh Mosque
This Masjid was built in the 18th century by John Deane, the collector of Shahabad. He had a Mohammedan wife with whom he lived 20 years with 6 children.[35] After his death in 1817, he was buried in the outer garden of Maulabagh Mosque (called as Bibi Jaan ke Hata or Handa) where his tomb can still be seen.[36] This mosques is also mentioned by British officers in their writings.[37][33]
Koilwar Bridge
Ramna Maidan
Ramna Maidan, located in Arrah, Bhojpur District, Bihar, with 60 acres of land one of the largest urban parks in Arrah.
Arrah–Chhapra Bridge
Arrah–Chhapra Bridge is also called Veer Kunwar singh Setu which connects Arrah and Chhapra is the world's longest multi span extradosed bridge in the world with a length of 1920m.[38]
Maharaja College, Ara
The present Maharaja college premises is an important historical site.
Masarh
Masarh is a village 10 km from Arrah, the Lion capitals of Mauryan period have been found here. Masarh has been identified by Cunningham with Mo-ho-so-lo of the Chinese pilgrim Huen Tsang,
Arrah House
Holy Saviour Church
Holy Saviour Church is a church in Arrah, built by the British in 1911, when King of United Kingdom George V visited the city.
Education
Schools in Arrah are either government-run or private schools. Schools are affiliated by
In 2018, Bihar government has opened Government Engineering Colleges in each district of Bihar under the Department of Science and Technology. Government Engineering College, Bhojpur located south of Ramna Road, beside Maharaja College.[40]
Sports
Cricket is the most popular sport, however other sports such as volleyball, basketball, and athletics are also played.
Veer Kunwar Singh Stadium is the stadium situated in the Ramna Maidan which hosts various cricket, football, and hockey tournaments. Other grounds in the town are Ramna Maidan, Maharaja college ground, Airport Ground, and Jain College Ground.
From 5–7 December 2019, East Zone Inter University Kabaddi championship took place in the premises of Maharaja College in which 47 universities of 12 different states participated.[41]
Popular culture
In folk tradition
- There is a very famous Bhojpuri saying about this place, Ara jilā Ghar Ba ta, kawana bāt kē dar bā" (trans. If you belong to Arrah, there is nothing to fear).[42][43]
- Arrah also has mentions in many Bhojpuri Folk songs like Arrah Hile Chhapra Hile Baliya Hilela.
Films and songs
- Some shots of the feature film Koilwar bridge.[44]
- Shots of the first Bhojpuri film Ganga Maiyya Tohe Piyari Chadhaibo were shot at Arrah railway station.[citation needed]
- The story of the Bollywood film Anaarkali of Aarah was based on a dancer of Arrah and her confrontation with the Vice chancellor of Bir Kuber University (originally Veer Kunwar Singh University).[45]
Books
- English book Two Months In Arrah, written in 1857, by a surgeon in British army named J.J. Halls, is an account of the Siege of Arrah.[46]
Notable people
- Veer Kunwar Singh, leader of the Indian Rebellion of 1857in Bihar.
- 1971 India Pakistan war.
- Meira Kumar, first woman speaker of the Lok Sabha.
- Ram Subhag Singh, He was the First Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha.
- Pawan Singh, Bhojpuri actor and singer
- Neeraj Pandey, film director
- Vishal Aditya Singh, actor and model
Villages
Arrah block contains the following 115 villages:[47]
Village name | Total land area (hectares) | Population (in 2011) |
---|---|---|
Mahadewa(Unsurveyed) | ||
Gongsar | 200 | 1700 |
Sundarpur Barja | 202 | 4,951 |
Rampur | 142 | 0 |
Pipra | 118 | 1,814 |
Ijri | 59 | 5,455 |
Baghakol | 126 | 1,324 |
Teksemar | 76 | 523 |
Salempur | 360 | 0 |
Tetaria | 93 | 1,304 |
Behra | 234 | 2,087 |
Parkhotampur | 129 | 1,103 |
Bakharia | 31 | 0 |
Sakatpura | 36 | 0 |
Mainpura | 52 | 1,355 |
Sukulpur | 54 | 2,120 |
Dariapur | 208 | 2,268 |
Sarsiwan | 82 | 1,705 |
Basantpur | 310 | 3,323 |
Basantpur | 105 | 0 |
Bela | 166 | 2,519 |
Rampur Mathia | 85 | 769 |
Gheghta | 40 | 1,386 |
Makhampur Bara | 258 | 3,023 |
Rokaiya Chak | 36 | 0 |
Bhakura | 335 | 4,835 |
Alipur | 306 | 2,888 |
Jamira | 849 | 13,891 |
Santpur | 87 | 0 |
Piprahiya | 70 | 2,465 |
Hasanpura | 133 | 2,863 |
Bhusahula | 82 | 1,387 |
Gothahula | 295 | 5,548 |
Karwa | 106 | 2,841 |
Sonadia | 185 | 5,262 |
Nayagaon | 61 | 361 |
Sonadia | 91 | 2,767 |
Chatarsainpur | 126 | 3,049 |
Alimullah Chak | 29 | 0 |
Ramsara Chandar Chur | 42 | 0 |
Daulatpur | 87 | 4,416 |
Lachhmanpur | 215 | 1,859 |
Mirza Beg | 25 | 483 |
Mathaulia | 85 | 1,521 |
Basantpur | 116 | 2,815 |
Dhauandhua | 51 | 3,601 |
Balua | 0 | 2,457 |
Sobhi Dumra | 184 | 2,742 |
Sarangpur | 285 | 2,805 |
Nirmalpur | 63 | 1,089 |
Saidpur | 63 | 1,479 |
Bahira Chak | 57 | 0 |
Bheldumra | 117 | 1,424 |
Makhdumpur Dumra | 168 | 2,988 |
Garaiyan | 147 | 2 |
Jadopur | 91 | 590 |
Piraunta | 184 | 3,887 |
Pipra | 715 | 2,392 |
Chamukha | 64 | 310 |
Nagopur | 55 | 713 |
Mathurapur | 115 | 0 |
Babhnauli | 43 | 1,327 |
Sonadia | 417 | 2,743 |
Tulshipur | 72 | 0 |
Ratanpur | 106 | 2,238 |
Ratan Dularpur | 141 | 1,568 |
Ganghar | 362 | 5,324 |
Ramdih Chhapra | 69 | 789 |
Bakhria | 191 | 1,139 |
Khushhalpur | 82 | 1,155 |
Balua | 122 | 2,031 |
Mahuli | 532 | 4,166 |
Kurwa | 14 | 0 |
Karari | 329 | 4,679 |
Mohanpur | 53 | 861 |
Deorhi | 35 | 838 |
Karra | 302 | 2,058 |
Bakula | 52 | 0 |
Bairampur | 45 | 0 |
Bhadea | 153 | 1,821 |
Gazipur | 98 | 0 |
Duraundha | 143 | 1,458 |
Dhobaha | 149 | 1,556 |
Belghat | 94 | 1,073 |
Jura | 104 | 1,066 |
Amma | 63 | 467 |
Ghoradei | 99 | 1,496 |
Ganauli | 58 | 1,437 |
Udaipur | 28 | 742 |
Singhi Tola | 71 | 813 |
Baghipakar | 188 | 3,070 |
Agarsanda | 146 | 2,659 |
Dharampura | 130 | 1,267 |
Tenua | 105 | 712 |
Paut | 266 | 2,122 |
Pipra | 94 | 991 |
Basmanpur | 66 | 727 |
Semaria | 50 | 1,312 |
Milki | 27 | 1,127 |
Dhamar | 288 | 7,279 |
Chanda | 346 | 2,154 |
Amarpur Marwatia | 130 | 2,565 |
Khajuria | 372 | 3,777 |
Bara | 64 | 1,019 |
Kunria | 100 | 1,135 |
Pathanpur | 122 | 1,741 |
Perhap | 1300 | 3500 |
Misraulia | 41 | 0 |
Kaushik Dularpur | 50 | 478 |
Chit Kundi | 84 | 1,449 |
Durg Tola | 50 | 500 |
Mahazi Dokti (Unsurveyed) | 0 | 0 |
Dokti (Unsurveyed) | 0 | 0 |
Dharampura (Unsurveyed) | 0 | 0 |
Horlahi (Unsurveyed) | 0 | 0 |
Singhai (Unsurveyed) | 0 | 0 |
Dalan Chhapra (Unsurveyed) | 0 | 0 |
See also
References
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- ^ Banerjee, Arnab (25 March 2017). "Anarkali of Arrah movie review: Bold, beautiful and endearing". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
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