Arrows Grand Prix International
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2019) |
| Full name | Arrows Grand Prix International |
|---|---|
| Base | Milton Keynes, United Kingdom (1977–1996) Leafield, United Kingdom (1997–2002) |
| Founder(s) | Franco Ambrosio Alan Rees Jackie Oliver Dave Wass Tony Southgate |
| Noted staff | Tom Walkinshaw Heini Mader Ross Brawn John Dominy |
| Noted drivers |  Riccardo Patrese Rolf Stommelen Jochen Mass Alan Jones Thierry Boutsen Gerhard Berger Derek Warwick Eddie Cheever Damon Hill Jos Verstappen |
| Formula One World Championship career | |
| First entry | 1978 Brazilian Grand Prix |
| Races entered | 394 entries (382 starts) |
| Constructors' Championships | 0 |
| Drivers' Championships | 0 |
| Race victories | 0 (Best finish: five 2nd places, last one at 1997 Hungarian Grand Prix) |
| Podiums | 9 |
| Points | 164 |
| Pole positions | 1 |
| Fastest laps | 0 |
| Final entry | 2002 German Grand Prix |
Arrows Grand Prix International was a British Formula One team active from 1978 to 2002. It was known as Footwork from 1991 to 1996.
Origins
The Arrows Grand Prix International team was founded in Milton Keynes, England in November 1977, by Italian businessman Franco Ambrosio, Alan Rees, former racing driver Jackie Oliver, Dave Wass and Tony Southgate (the team deriving its name from the initials of their surnames) when they left the Shadow team.[1] The team was formed and appeared on the grid for their first race at the 1978 Brazilian Grand Prix, all within three months.[2]
Arrows signed Gunnar Nilsson and Riccardo Patrese to drive, but Nilsson was diagnosed with cancer shortly afterwards. His failing health caused Rolf Stommelen to take his place. The team initially ran a copy of the Shadow DN9, with the initials of the team's first sponsor, Franco Ambrosio, used in naming the car, the Arrows FA1. However, Ambrosio left the team in early 1978 when jailed in Italy for financial irregularities and main sponsor became Warsteiner. Shadow sued for copyright infringement, and the London High Courts ruled that the FA1 was a direct copy of the Shadow DN9. Arrows knew that they would lose the case and designed a brand new car, the Arrows A1, in 52 days. It was shown the day after the High Court of Justice in London upheld Shadow's claim and banned the team from racing the FA1.[3]
Arrows Grand Prix International
Patrese scored points in the team's third race, the
At the 1979 Monaco GP, Jochen Mass' Arrows A1 moved into third place during the race and looked to be closing in on the leaders. However, brake issues dropped him down to sixth position by the chequered flag. Lotus had introduced ground effect to F1 in 1978. As a result, Tony Southgate designed a radical ground effect car, the A2. While striking to look at, it was not competitive and Arrows was forced to use an upgraded version of the A1.[6]
Moderate success in the 1980s
With the A2 being too radical, Southgate penned the Arrows A3 for 1980. The car was competitive, and it was used during the following season as well. In 1981, Patrese scored the team's only Formula One pole position in Long Beach, which he led until retiring with mechanical problems on lap 33 of 80. Arrows finished joint eighth in the Constructors' Championship that year.
At the Long Beach Grand Prix in 1983, Alan Jones was tempted out of retirement on a one-off basis. He qualified 12th but dropped out in the closing stages.[7]
In 1984 with BMW M12 turbo engines and sponsorship from cigarette brand Barclay things got much better. That year they were ninth in the Constructors' Championship and eighth in 1985. At the 1985 San Marino Grand Prix, Thierry Boutsen finished third behind Alain Prost and Elio de Angelis. However, after the race, Prost was disqualified because his car was 2 kg underweight, giving Boutsen the second place.
Tony Southgate had fallen out with the other founder members and left to work for Tom Walkinshaw, who would have a major impact on the team in later years.[8] The 1986 season was a disaster. The A9 car was delivered late after British Aerospace had problems building the team's first carbon composite chassis. The car proved uncompetitive and its designer Dave Wass left to join Benetton, leaving just Oliver and Alan Rees in charge.[9] Oliver wasted no time in replacing the two and hired Ross Brawn to design the effective A10 for 1987.[10]
BMW pulled out of Formula One and the engines were badged
Warwick and Cheever stayed with the team for 1989 and drove the Brawn designed
Footwork Arrows
Japanese businessman Wataru Ohashi invested in Arrows in 1990 and the cars started displaying the Footwork logo prominently. Jackie Oliver sold his shares in the team to Ohashi, but remained as team principal. Alan Jenkins was hired as technical director after Brawn moved to TWR, but had a difficult relationship with Oliver.[12] The team was officially renamed Footwork in 1991, and secured a deal to race with Porsche V12 engines, but the car was woefully uncompetitive. The engine was overweight and underpowered and Porsche quickly pulled the plug. Footwork quickly switched to a Ford V8.[13]
In 1992 the team switched to Mugen engines while Jenkins continued to design simple but effective cars on a limited budget. The 1994 season was the most competitive showing, with several points finishes gained, including a double points finish in Germany.[14] Christian Fittipaldi was partnered with Gianni Morbidelli after impressive performances in testing, while the FA15 featured some innovative aerodynamics.[15] Alan D. Harrison (longest serving member having been with JO & AR since early Shadow F1) took over as Team Manager, after John Wickham. Morbidelli was Footwork's most successful driver, and scored a podium in Australia in 1995, the final race in the Footwork era. Morbidelli enjoyed the experience, stating they were his favourite years in racing but conceded that money was tight.[16] Oliver had retained control throughout the entire period, funding the team from his own pocket after Ohashi withdrew his support and taking on pay drivers due to lack of sponsorship.[17]
TWR Arrows
After a failed attempt to buy
Walkinshaw had plans to turn Arrows into a world championship winning team. To that end in September he signed up World Champion Damon Hill and hired wealthy Brazilian Pedro Diniz to help pay for Hill's salary. His TWR operation moved the outfit to Leafield and put a new technical team in place. John Judd prepared the Yamaha sourced engine, while Dernie made way for John Barnard who was hired as designer and technical chief.[23] Under an exclusive deal, Bridgestone supplied tyres.[24] The team nearly secured a maiden victory at the 1997 Hungarian Grand Prix, where Hill started in third position and passed Michael Schumacher to take first place. Hill led comfortably until with just two laps left, a rubber seal in the hydraulic system failed. Hill was overtaken on the last lap but he clung on to finish second.[25]
As Hill left Arrows after 1997 season to race for
At the start of the
In the 2000 season,
Supertec was bought out by Renault at the end of 2000, which could have caused the team to take on expensive customer engines for 2001.[33] As a result, a switch to Asiatech (rebadged Peugeot) V10s in 2001 and the loss of a lot of staff including team manager Steve Nielsen and designer Eghbal Hamidy left the team significantly weaker in 2001 when Tom Walkinshaw decided to replace de la Rosa with F1 debutant Enrique Bernoldi. The team struggled through the season and Verstappen scored the team's only point in Austria.
For 2002, Walkinshaw made a deal to use customer
Negotiations were undertaken throughout the season with potential investors to buy into the team or buy it outright, such as Craig Pollock, who had just been ousted from BAR and twice made an offer for the team, and Dietrich Mateschitz.[37]
The team went into liquidation at the end of the season, also forcing TWR to close.[38]
In their chequered history, Arrows set the unenviable record of 382 races without a win, although they collected nine podium finishes (one under Footwork) including five second places.
Final chapter of Arrows Grand Prix International
All the Arrows A23 chassis and the full Arrows Grand Prix International intellectual property rights were bought by the Minardi team, including the initial concept and drawings of the Arrows A24. The Arrows A23 was renamed the Minardi PS04 and in back-to-back tests it was found superior to Minardi's PS03. Minardi however decided that they could not run a "pure-Arrows" and hence use the Arrows intellectual property to take the best from the PS03, PS04 / Arrows A23 and Arrows A24 design concepts to develop the Minardi PS04B for the 2004 season. For following season the PS04B is developed into the PS05.[39]
In 2005 the Arrows Grand Prix International bloodline continued through into
At the end of 2005, the newly formed
In late 2008 when Super Aguri folded, Formtech Composites purchased the intellectual property rights held by Super Aguri and took over the former Arrows base at Leafield. Today Formtech Composites engineer composite components for the automotive, motorsport, military and aerospace industries.
Racing record
| Year | Name | Car | Engine | Tyres | No. | Drivers | Points | WCC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arrows | ||||||||
| 1978 | Arrows Racing Team Warsteiner Arrows Racing Team
|
FA1 A1 |
Ford-Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 | G | 35 | Riccardo Patrese
|
11 | 9th |
| 36 | ||||||||
| Rolf Stommelen
| ||||||||
| 1979 | Warsteiner Arrows Racing Team
|
A1 A2 |
Ford-Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 | G | 29 | Riccardo Patrese
|
5 | 9th |
| 30 | Jochen Mass
| |||||||
| 1980 | Warsteiner Arrows Racing Team Warsteiner Arrows Racing with Penthouse Rizla+.
|
A3 | Ford-Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 | G | 29 | Riccardo Patrese
|
11 | 7th |
| 30 | Jochen Mass
| |||||||
 Mike Thackwell
| ||||||||
| Manfred Winkelhock
| ||||||||
| 1981 | Ragno Arrows Beta Racing Team
|
A3 | Ford-Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 | M P |
29 | Riccardo Patrese
|
10 | 8th |
| 30 | Siegfried Stohr Jacques Villeneuve Sr.
| |||||||
| 1982 | Ragno Arrows
|
A4 A5 |
Ford-Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 | P | 29 | Brian Henton Marc Surer
|
5 | 10th |
| 30 | Mauro Baldi
| |||||||
| 1983 | Arrows Racing Team
|
A6 | Ford-Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 | G | 29 | Marc Surer
|
4 | 10th |
| 30 |  Chico Serra Alan Jones Thierry Boutsen
| |||||||
| 1984 | Barclay Nordica Arrows
|
A6 | Ford-Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 | G | 17 | Thierry Boutsen
|
3 | 10th |
| 18 | Marc Surer
| |||||||
| A7 | BMW M12/13 1.5 L4t | 17 | Thierry Boutsen
|
3 | 11th | |||
| 18 | Marc Surer
| |||||||
| 1985 | Barclay Arrows BMW
|
A8 | BMW M12/13 1.5 L4t | G | 17 18 |
Gerhard Berger Thierry Boutsen
|
14 | 8th |
| 1986 | Barclay Arrows BMW
|
A8 A9 |
BMW M12/13 1.5 L4t | G | 17 18 |
Marc Surer Christian Danner Thierry Boutsen
|
1 | 10th |
| 1987 | USF&G Arrows Megatron
|
A10 | Megatron M12/13 1.5 L4t | G | 17 18 |
Derek Warwick Eddie Cheever
|
11 | 7th |
| 1988 | USF&G Arrows Megatron
|
A10B | Megatron M12/13 1.5 L4t | G | 17
18 |
Derek Warwick Eddie Cheever
|
23 | 5th |
| 1989 | USF&G Arrows Ford
|
A11 | Ford-Cosworth DFR 3.5 V8 | G | 9 10 |
Derek Warwick Martin Donnelly Eddie Cheever
|
13 | 7th |
| 1990 | Footwork Arrows Racing
|
A11 A11B |
Ford-Cosworth DFR 3.5 V8 | G | 9 10 |
Michele Alboreto Bernd Schneider Alex Caffi
|
2 | 9th |
| Footwork | ||||||||
| 1991 | Footwork Porsche
|
A11C FA12 FA12C |
Porsche 3512 3.5 V12 Ford-Cosworth DFR 3.5 V8 |
G | 9 10 |
Michele Alboreto Alex Caffi Stefan Johansson
|
0 0 |
NC NC |
| 1992 | Footwork Mugen Honda
|
FA13 | Mugen-Honda MF-351H 3.5 V10 | G | 9 10 |
Michele Alboreto Aguri Suzuki
|
6 | 7th |
| 1993 | Footwork Mugen Honda
|
FA13B FA14 |
Mugen-Honda MF-351HB 3.5 V10 | G | 9 10 |
Derek Warwick Aguri Suzuki
|
4 | 9th |
| 1994 | Footwork Ford
|
FA15 | Ford HBE7/8 3.5 V8 | G | 9 10 |
 Christian Fittipaldi Gianni Morbidelli
|
9 | 9th |
| 1995 | Footwork Hart
|
FA16 | Hart 830 3.0 V8 | G | 9 10 |
Gianni Morbidelli Max Papis Taki Inoue
|
5 | 8th |
| 1996 | Footwork Hart
|
FA17 | Hart 830 3.0 V8 | G | 16 17 |
Ricardo Rosset Jos Verstappen
|
1 | 9th |
| TWR Arrows | ||||||||
| 1997 | Danka Arrows Yamaha
|
A18 | Yamaha OX11A 3.0 V10 | B | 1 2 |
Damon Hill Pedro Diniz
|
9 | 8th |
| 1998 | Danka Zepter Arrows
|
A19 | Arrows T2-F1 3.0 V10 | B | 16 17 |
Pedro Diniz Mika Salo
|
6 | 7th |
| 1999 | Repsol Arrows
|
A20 | Arrows A20E 3.0 V10 | B | 14 15 |
 Pedro de la Rosa Toranosuke Takagi
|
1 | 9th |
| 2000 | Arrows F1 Team
|
A21 | Supertec FB02 3.0 V10 | B | 18 19 |
Pedro de la Rosa Jos Verstappen
|
7 | 7th |
| 2001 | Orange Arrows Asiatech
|
A22 | Asiatech 001 3.0 V10 | B | 14 15 |
Jos Verstappen Enrique Bernoldi
|
1 | 10th |
| 2002 | Orange Arrows
|
A23 | Cosworth CR-3 3.0 V10 | B | 20 21 |
Heinz-Harald Frentzen Enrique Bernoldi
|
2 | 11th |
References
- ^ "Arrows Grand Prix". www.grandprix.com. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "A potted history of the Arrows F1 Team". AllAboutArrows. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
- ^ Brown, Allen (26 January 2019). "Arrows FA1 car-by-car histories". OldRacingCars.com. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "Out of bad, sometimes comes good: The case of Patrese". ESPN.com. 18 October 2018. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
- ^ "Riccardo Patrese 1978". Riccardo Patrese. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ Brown, Allen. "Arrows A2 car-by-car histories". OldRacingCars.com. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "1983: Arrows & Renault F1 test at Willow Springs". NWSpeedshots.com. Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "Tony Southgate, From Drawing Board to Chequered Flag". www.speedreaders.info. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
- ^ "Dave Wass". www.grandprix.com. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
- ^ a b "1988 Arrows A10B Formula 1 Car". Revs Institute. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "Arrows A10". www.f1technical.net. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "Alan Jenkins to join Stewart Grand Prix?". www.grandprix.com. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
- ^ "A Disaster for Porsche----Footwork FA12". Car Throttle. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "Footwork FA15". www.statsf1.com. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
- ^ Hallbery, Andy (3 December 2009). "Remembering 1993's F1 young driver test". Autosport.com. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
- ^ Silbermann, Eric (2 October 2016). "Breakfast with Gianni Morbidelli". f1i.com. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
- ^ "Lunch with... Jackie Oliver". Motor Sport Magazine. 7 July 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "Walkinshaw target is flying Arrows". The Independent. 14 April 1996. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "Lunch with... Frank Dernie". Motor Sport Magazine. 6 January 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
- ^ "TWR - three magic letters that mark more than just a racing team". SnapLap. 28 December 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
- ^ "Tom Walkinshaw inducted into Hall of Fame". Supercars. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
- ^ "Looking Back at Volvo's Return to Racing in the British Touring Car Championship". www.portlandvolvo.com. 16 October 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
- ^ "Barnard To Stay At Arrows". www.crash.net. 1 May 1998. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
- ^ "Arrows and Bridgestone agree on long-term deal". www.grandprix.com. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ "Hungary 1997: When Arrows almost achieved the impossible". The Versed. 21 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
- ^ "F1 engine builder Brian Hart dies - F1 Madness".
- ^ "Zakspeed and Arrows". www.grandprix.com. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
- ^ "Risky Business: The TWR Arrows Years 1996-2002". F1 Rejects. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
- ^ Collins, Aaron (4 January 2019). "F1: The Demise of Arrows Grand Prix & TWR". Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "Jackie Oliver". SnapLap. 18 April 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "Debts push Arrows to the edge". The Independent. 5 July 2002. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "Martin Sharp". Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- ^ "Renault buys Benetton F1 team". Autoweek. 16 March 2000. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
- ^ "ARROWS deliberately failed to qualify in France". moto123.com. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- ^ "Arrows reprieved as Walkinshaw pays £3.2m". www.telegraph.co.uk. 6 July 2002. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
- ^ "Future bleak for Arrows F1 team as Orange mulls sponsorship deal". Retrieved 18 July 2020.
- ^ "Red Bull 's first attempt to appear on the grid". 13 March 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "Risky Business The TWR Arrows Years 1996–2002". www.f1rejects.com. Archived from the original on 7 October 2007. Retrieved 6 January 2008.
- ^ "Stoddart buys Arrows?". www.auto123.com. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "Minardi boss Stoddart sad to leave F1". www.abc.net.au. 10 September 2005. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "Arrows A23 Saga: Super Aguri SA05 – Part 3". 29 March 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ Smit, Dylan (20 May 2020). "White Walker - 2006 Super Aguri SA05 Honda". DriveTribe. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "Unexpected Resurrection - 2006 Super Aguri SA05 Honda (Double Trouble Part 2/2)". Carmrades. Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
External links
