Arsenije III Crnojević
Kalinik I | |
---|---|
Personal details | |
Born | Arsenije Crnojević 1633 |
Died | October 27, 1706 Vienna, Habsburg monarchy (modern Austria) | (aged 72–73)
Coat of arms |
Arsenije III Crnojević (
Early life
Arsenije, surnamed Crnojević (Црнојевић) or Črnojević (Чрнојевић), spelled in Church Slavonic as "Арсенїй Чарноевичь" (sr. Чарнојевић/Čarnojević), claimed to be a descendant of the medieval
As a young boy, Arsenije came to live in the
Great Turkish War
Upon his return, in 1683, Arsenije III was in Nikolje Monastery where he received news of the Battle of Vienna (12 September 1683).[6] The battle placed forces of the Ottoman Empire under Kara Mustafa Pasha against forces of the Holy League under John III Sobieski. The battle broke a two-month siege of Vienna and forced the Ottoman army to retreat. A note survives that reports Arsenije taking the news with pleasure.
As the war approached, and Serbs from Dalmatia, Herzegovina and the Bay of Kotor already took to arms, Arsenije III continued with his regular duties visiting Slavonia in 1684, but on the other hand secretly maintained contacted with forces of the League, particularly those of the Republic of Venice and the Archduchy of Austria. In 1685, Serbs in Montenegro and Dalmatia under the leadership of local guerilla leaders, such as Stojan Janković, fought in the ranks of the army of the Republic of Venice, led by Francesco Morosini (1619-1694), against the Ottoman Empire in the Morean War.
The passing Ottoman armies plundered the local populace mercilessly; the worst of them all was the one under notorious
Arsenije contacted
Habsburg rule
In 1688,
As the tide turned in 1690, and Turks advanced through Serbia,
In April, Emperor Leopold had issued his Letter of Invitation, as well as a personal letter to Arsenije. The letter of invitation urged Serbs and other
On 29 September, Serbs—led by the key person of these processes Arsenije III—started the crossing of
Soon, Arsenije III was upset by news that the clergy of the
Falling out of favor
As the religious pressures mounted, Serbian leaders met in 1694 in Baja demanding a separate territory where Serbs would settle – Slavonia and Srem were proposed. The Viennese court began to view Arsenije as a threat and a burden and started to promote other Serb leaders.
In 1695, Arsenije III formed seven new bishoprics in the territories where they were scarce prior to the migration of 1690. This was protected by another diploma (the last in the line) since it disrupted the decree of the Fourth Council of the Lateran that prevented two bishops from holding jurisdiction in the same area. Meanwhile, Serbs fought in the decisive Battle of Slankamen and Senta, in which the Turks were utterly defeated
After the Treaty of Karlowitz was concluded, Serb assistance was no longer needed and the Habsburg authorities started disregarding the previously given privileges one by one. Upon the advice of the proselyte fanatic Cardinal Leopold Kolonić, in 1701 the rights of Arsenije III as the "Serbian Patriarch" were limited to the newcomers living in the vicinity of Szentendre and he was reduced in rank to the "Metropolitan", a title which was never accepted by Serbs. In connection with this, Arsenije was also forbidden to leave the town. In 1703, he was prohibited to use the title of patriarch and all Orthodox bishops were to recognize the authority of Roman Catholic ones.
However, things changed when in 1703, the rebellion of Hungarians under Francis II Rákóczi erupted. Austrian forces needed the Serbs’ assistance once more and privileges were instantaneously confirmed. Arsenije III was sent from Vienna to the Serb areas to explain the situation to the people.
He died in 1706 in Vienna.
Legacy
He is included in The 100 most prominent Serbs.
See also
- Metropolitanate of Karlovci
- List of heads of the Serbian Orthodox Church
- Jovan Monasterlija
- Pavle Nestorović
- Atanasije Daskal
- Stefan Ravaničanin
- Leopold Karl von Kollonitsch
References
- ^ Тричковић 1994, p. 87–118.
- ^ Вуковић 1996, p. 26-32.
- ^ Ćirković 2004, p. 150, 163.
- ^ Todorović 2006, pp. 8–12.
- ^ Zbornik: Serija društvenikh nauka, Volumes 1-6. Matica Srpska. 1950. p. 278.
- ^ a b Kašić 1966, p. 20.
- ISBN 9788884910899.
- ^ Samardžić & Duškov 1993, p. 507: "... пада Београда успоставио везу с ћесаровцима. Богдани каже да је Јеген Осман-паша намеравао да одсече главу патријарху Арсенију »јер га је један калуђер оптужио да је послат новац од бечког ћесара да се подиже војска«."
- ^ ISBN 978-0192599223.
- ISBN 9780333666128.
- ISBN 9782825101391.
- ^ Todorović 2006, pp. 3–4.
- ^ Todorović 2006, pp. 4–5.
- ISBN 9780814767085.
- ISBN 9781474440363.
- ^ Ćirković 2004, p. 144.
- ^ a b c Todorović 2006, pp. 4–8.
- ^ Kašić 1966, p. 21.
Sources
- ISBN 9781405142915.
- ISBN 9788675830153.
- Слијепчевић, Ђоко М. (1962). Историја Српске православне цркве (History of the Serbian Orthodox Church). Vol. књ. 1. Минхен: Искра.
- Kašić, Dušan, ed. (1965). Serbian Orthodox Church: Its past and present. Vol. 1. Belgrade: Serbian Orthodox Church.
- Kašić, Dušan, ed. (1966). Serbian Orthodox Church: Its past and present. Vol. 2. Belgrade: Serbian Orthodox Church.
- Todorović, Jelena (2006). An Orthodox Festival Book in the Habsburg Empire: Zaharija Orfelin's Festive Greeting to Mojsej Putnik (1757). Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 9780754656111.
- Тричковић, Радмила (1994). "Српски патријарх Калиник I: Друга обнова Пећке патријаршије (Serbian Patriarch Kalinik I: The Second Revival of the Peć Patriarchate)". Историјски часопис (39: 1992): 87–118.
- Вуковић, Сава (1996). Српски јерарси од деветог до двадесетог века (Serbian Hierarchs from the 9th to the 20th Century). Београд: Евро.
Further reading
- ISBN 9782825119587.
- Čanak-Medić, Milka; Todić, Branislav (2017). The Monastery of the Patriarchate of Peć. Novi Sad: Platoneum, Beseda. ISBN 9788685869839.
- Đorđević, Života; Pejić, Svetlana, eds. (1999). Cultural Heritage of Kosovo and Metohija. Belgrade: Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of the Republic of Serbia. ISBN 9788680879161.
- Fotić, Aleksandar (2008). "Serbian Orthodox Church". Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438110257.
- Janićijević, Jovan, ed. (1998). The Cultural Treasury of Serbia. Belgrade: IDEA, Vojnoizdavački zavod, Markt system. ISBN 9788675470397.
- Kia, Mehrdad (2011). Daily Life in the Ottoman Empire. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313064029.
- Pavlovich, Paul (1989). The History of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Serbian Heritage Books. ISBN 9780969133124.
- ISBN 9781850654773.
External links
- Official site of the Serbian Orthodox Church: Serbian Archbishops and Patriarchs Archived 27 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 2–39. .
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 426–467. .