Ashiqs of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Ashiq music | |
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Ozan music |
Art of Azerbaijani Ashiq | |
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Country | Azerbaijan |
Reference | 00253 |
Region | Europe and North America |
Inscription history | |
Inscription | 2008 (4th session) |
List | Representative |
Music of Azerbaijan | ||||||
General topics | ||||||
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Genres | ||||||
Specific forms | ||||||
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Media and performance | ||||||
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Nationalistic and patriotic songs | ||||||
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The art of Azerbaijani Ashiqs combines poetry, storytelling, dance, and vocal and instrumental music into traditional performance art. This art is one of the symbols of Azerbaijani culture and considered an emblem of national identity and the guardian of Azerbaijani language, literature and music.
Characterized by the accompaniment of the
Since 2009 the art of Azerbaijani Ashiqs has been inscribed on the
Etymology
In today's encyclopedic dictionaries the word Ashiq, which means "one who is in love", is derived from the
History
Early origins
The earliest traces of art of Turkic-speaking ashiqs in general can be found in the 14-15th century Book of Dede Korkut, which contains the most famous epic stories of the Oghuz Turks.[2][3]
From the 16th century, Azerbaijani ashiqs have been the bearers and guardians of the national language, national identity and the music performed in
Soviet period (1930–1991)
Beginning in the 1930s, the Art of Azerbaijani ashiqs, like all folk music culture of the peoples of the
Modern history and worldwide acceptance (1991–present)
In modern Azerbaijan, professional Ashiqs were divided into two categories: Ashiq-performers and Ashiq-poets. Ashiq-performers, despite being professional storytellers, are not engaged in poetry. Due to their individual abilities and a keen understanding of the specifics of the native folklore, they make different kinds of variations and changes in their epics and legends, especially in their prose.[7]
Ashiq-poets, on the contrary, along with storytelling activities, engaged also in poetry. In Azerbaijan, such Ashiqs were called
The popular ashigs of modern Azerbaijan include ashiq Zulfiyya, ashiq Nemet Qasimli, ashiq Ahliman, ashiq Adalat, ashiq Kamandar, Ali Tovuzly and ashiq Khanlar.
After Azerbaijan's independence from the
As of 2009, the total number of Azerbaijani Ashiqs in the world reached 3000 people, which included in
Delivery
In Azerbaijan, ashigs' style of performance differ in the specific characteristics of local creativity. For example, each ashig representing the regions of
- Usta-Ashiqs. Poet of the people "Usta ashough (Ashiq-master) – writes the epics, poems, creating songs, sings and plays for the saz and their performance is accompanied by dance movements.
- Ashiq-instrumentalist. This role includes spreading the art of famous Ashiqs, singing and playing the saz, and sometimes dancing.
- Ashiq-narrators are sometimes performed solo or are accompanied by the saz or the duduk player who, while dancing, moves next to him.
Genres of Azerbaijani Ashiq music
The main genres of Azerbaijani Ashiq poetry include goshma, dastan, ustadnameh, as well as their poetic forms — gerayli, divani, tajnis.[8]
Goshma
Goshma is the most common form of Ashiq folk poetry. The number of syllables in goshma can reach eleven. Goshma itself are also divided into several subgenres such as Gozallama — a form which describes the natural beauty and praises the remarkable properties of human speech, Kochaklama — the form in which the glorification of heroic deeds or the heroes occurs, Tashlama — a genre which criticizes social or human vices, and Agyt — the memorial chant.[12]
Dastan
Dastan (Persian: داستان "story"[13][14]) is a genre, known not only in Eastern poetry, but also in Western poetry (including traditional folk poetry). In dastans, ashiqs narrates heroic deeds, love stories or important historical events. Stylistic and syllabic relationships are in many ways reminiscent of the goshma genre, but differ from the last number of quatrains, subject, meaning and theme music.[15][16]
Ustadnameh
Traditional themes in this genre consist of songs and teachings with moralistic themes.[16][17]
Notable Performers
Individuals
Female
Male
- Ashiq Ahliman
- Ashig Alasgar
- Alqayıt
- Ashiq Aly
- Ashiq Asad
- Sari Ashiq
- Molla Juma
- Ashiq Qurbani
- Ashiq Islam
- Ashiq Kamandar
- Ashiq Musa
- Ashiq Qarib
- Khasta Qasim
- Ashiq Ali Tapdigogly
- Ashiq Pasha
- Ashiq Panah
- Ashiq Valeh
- Ashiq Abbas Tufarghanli
- Ashiq Yusuf Ohanes
References
- ^ "АШУГ". ubrus.org. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
- ^ Michael E. Meeker, "The Dede Korkut Ethic", International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 24, No. 3 (Aug., 1992), 395–417. "According to Lewis (1974), an older substratum of these oral traditions dates to conflicts between the ancient Oghuz and their Turkish rivals in Central Asia (the Pecheneks and the Kipchaks), but this substratum has been clothed in references to the 14th-century campaigns of the Akkoyunlu Confederation of Turkic tribes against the Georgians, the Abkhaz, and the Greeks in Trebizond."
- ISBN 9780140442984.
- ^ a b "The Art of Azerbaijani Ashiq". tourism-review.com. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
- ^ "Hamı əlinə saz götürüb çıxıb meydana..." Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
- ^ "SOVET AZƏRBAYCANININ ÇİÇƏKLƏNƏN İNCƏSƏNƏTİ". Retrieved 2 January 2011.
- ^ a b "MUSİQİ". Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
- ^ a b "The Ashig Folk Art". Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Azerbaijan. Archived from the original on 28 November 2010. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
- ^ "The art of Azerbaijani Ashiq". List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. UNESCO. Retrieved 3 January 2011.
- ^ "AZƏRBAYCAN MUSİQİSİ". Retrieved 2 January 2011.
- ^ "Aşıq sənəti". Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
- ^ "Формы ашугского творчества". REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND TOURISM. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
- Steingass, Francis Joseph. A Comprehensive Persian-English dictionary, including the Arabic words and phrases to be met with in Persian literature. London: Routledge & K. Paul, 1892. [1]
- ISBN 978-1-85649-029-0
- ^ "Azərbaycan Aşıqlar Birliyinin sədri, aşıq-şair Qaracan İsa oğlu Kərimli (Borçalı)". Retrieved 2 January 2011.
- ^ a b Mammadov, Tariyel. "DASTAN YARADICILIĞI". Archived from the original on 6 February 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
- ^ Qaliboghlu, Elchin. "Aşıq Ağaların poeziyası". Retrieved 2 January 2011.