Artemia salina
Artemia salina | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Branchiopoda |
Order: | Anostraca |
Family: | Artemiidae |
Genus: | Artemia |
Species: | A. salina
|
Binomial name | |
Artemia salina | |
Synonyms | |
Artemia tunisiana (but see text) |
Artemia salina is a species of
Artemia salina is native to
Description
Artemia salina has three eyes and 11 pairs of legs and can grow to about 15 mm (0.6 in) in size. Its blood contains the pigment hemoglobin, which is also found in vertebrates. Males differ from females by having their second antennae markedly enlarged, and modified into clasping organs used in mating.[4]
Life cycle
Males have two reproductive organs. Prior to copulation, the male clasps the female with his clasping organ, assuming a dorsal position. The claspers hold the female just anterior to the ovisac. A male and female may swim clasped together for a number of days. In this state, the movements of the swimming appendages of the pair beat in a co-ordinated fashion.
Ecology
In nature, they live in salt lakes. They are almost never found in an open sea, most likely because of the lack of food and relative defenselessness. However, Artemia species have been observed in Elkhorn Slough, California, which is connected to the sea.[7] However, North American populations are another species, A. franciscana.[2] Unlike most aquatic animals, Artemia swims upside down.[5]
Artemia species can live in water having much more or much less salt content than normal seawater. They tolerate salt amounts as high as 25.0%,
In the
Uses
The resilience of these creatures makes them ideal test samples in experiments. Artemia is one of the standard organisms for testing the
Taxonomy, distribution and conservation
Artemia salina was first described (as Cancer salinus) by Carl Linnaeus in his Systema Naturae in 1758. This was based on a report by a German called Schlosser, who had found Artemia at Lymington, England.[13] That population is now extirpated, although specimens collected there are retained in zoological museums.[14]
As presently defined, Artemia salina is restricted to the Mediterranean region of Southern Europe, Anatolia and Northern Africa.[2][3] Some populations elsewhere have formerly been referred to as this species, but are now recognized as separate, including Artemia franciscana of the Americas.[2] That species has been widely introduced to places outside its native range, including the Mediterranean region, where it locally outcompetes the native Artemia salina. This has already happened in parts of Portugal, Spain, France, Italy and Morocco.[15][16]
An alternative taxonomic treatment is to recognize the extirpated English population as a species of its own, to which the name Artemia salina should be restricted. In that case the species native to the Mediterranean region of Southern Europe, Anatolia and Northern Africa can be referred to as Artemia tunisiana,[16][17] but at present most authorities reject this treatment and consider Artemia tunisiana as a synonym of Artemia salina.[18] Some have considered the North African population distinct and proposed that the name Artemia tunisiana should be restricted to it,[19] but this is contradicted by genetic evidence, which shows that South European and North African populations belong to the same species.[16]
References
- ^ "Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. 2012. Retrieved December 7, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e Alireza Asem; Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani; Patricio De Los Rios (2010). "The genus Artemia Leach, 1819 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda): true and false taxonomical descriptions" (PDF). Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research. 38: 501–506. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-01. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
- ^ .
- ^ JSTOR 3225702.
- ^ a b c Sara Emslie. "Artemia salina". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan.
- ^ Brine Shrimp Eggs , 31 July 2023
- ^ PMID 19872620.
- ^ a b Science & Technology : brine shrimp on Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ ISBN 1853411167.
- S2CID 5235554.
- PMID 8257109.
- .
- ^ L. G. M. Baas-Becking (1931). "Historical notes on salt and salt-manufacture". The Scientific Monthly. 32 (5): 434–446. Archived from the original on 2013-12-14. Retrieved 2017-09-08.
- JSTOR 1548493.
- S2CID 23565318.
- ^ ISSN 1809-127X.
- ^ "Welcome to Artemia World". Artemia World. Archived from the original on 19 April 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
- WoRMS. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
- S2CID 88419661.