Artery
Artery | |
---|---|
Details | |
Identifiers | |
Latin | arteria (plural: arteriae) |
MeSH | D001158 |
TA98 | A12.0.00.003 A12.2.00.001 |
TA2 | 3896 |
FMA | 50720 |
Anatomical terminology |
An artery (from
Arteries contrast with veins, which carry deoxygenated blood back towards the heart; or in the pulmonary and fetal circulations carry oxygenated blood to the lungs and fetus.
Structure
The anatomy of arteries can be separated into
The outermost layer of an artery (or vein) is known as the
Development
Arterial formation begins and ends when
Function
Arteries form part of the
Arteries have a
Arteries have the highest pressure and have narrow lumen diameter. It consists of three tunics: Tunica media, intima, and external.
After traveling from the
Aorta
The
Capillaries
The
These small diameters of the capillaries provide a relatively large surface area for the exchange of gases and nutrients.
Clinical significance
A blood squirt also known as an arterial gush, is the effect when an artery is cut due to the higher arterial pressures. Blood is spurted out at a rapid, intermittent rate, that coincides with the heartbeat. The amount of blood loss can be copious, can occur very rapidly, and be life-threatening.[10]
Over time, factors such as elevated arterial
Accidental intra-arterial injection either
History
Among the
In medieval times, it was supposed that arteries carried a fluid, called "spiritual blood" or "vital spirits", considered to be different from the contents of the
William Harvey described and popularized the modern concept of the circulatory system and the roles of arteries and veins in the 17th century.
Alexis Carrel at the beginning of the 20th century first described the technique for vascular suturing and anastomosis and successfully performed many organ transplantations in animals; he thus actually opened the way to modern vascular surgery that was previously limited to vessels' permanent ligation.
References
- ^ ἀρτηρία, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
- ^ a b Steve, Paxton; Michelle, Peckham; Adele, Knibbs (2003). "The Leeds Histology Guide".
- ISBN 9780323427913.
- PMID 19286613.
- ISBN 0-13-981176-1.
- S2CID 227282958.
- PMID 22934037.
- PMID 23970958.
- ISBN 978-1-4160-2326-5, retrieved 2023-11-17
- ^ "U.S. Navy Standard First Aid Manual, Chapter 3 (online)". Retrieved 3 Feb 2003.
- ^ Bertazzo, S. et al. Nano-analytical electron microscopy reveals fundamental insights into human cardiovascular tissue calcification. Nature Materials 12, 576-583 (2013).
- ^ Miller, J. D. Cardiovascular calcification: Orbicular origins. Nature Materials 12, 476-478 (2013).
- PMID 15945530. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
Unintentional intra-arterial injection of medication, either iatrogenic or self-administered, is a source of considerable morbidity. Normal vascular anatomical proximity, aberrant vasculature, procedurally difficult situations, and medical personnel error all contribute to unintentional cannulation of arteries in an attempt to achieve intravenous access. Delivery of certain medications via arterial access has led to clinically important sequelae, including paresthesias, severe pain, motor dysfunction, compartment syndrome, gangrene, and limb loss. We comprehensively review the current literature, highlighting available information on risk factors, symptoms, pathogenesis, sequelae, and management strategies for unintentional intra-arterial injection. We believe that all physicians and ancillary personnel who administer intravenous therapies should be aware of this serious problem.
- ^ The heart and the vascular system in ancient Greek medicine. From Alcmaeon to Galen. Oxford University Press 1973, special edition for Sandpiper Books 2001. ISBN 0-19-858135-1 p.24
- ^ The heart and the vascular system in ancient Greek medicine. From Alcmaeon to Galen. Oxford University Press 1973, special edition for Sandpiper Books 2001. ISBN 0-19-858135-1 p.18
- ^ The heart and the vascular system in ancient Greek medicine. From Alcmaeon to Galen. Oxford University Press 1973, special edition for Sandpiper Books 2001. ISBN 0-19-858135-1 p.26
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary.
- ^ Shakespeare, William. Hamlet Complete, Authoritative Text with Biographical and Historical Contexts, Critical History, and Essays from Five Contemporary Critical Perspectives. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martins Press, 1994. pg. 50.