Arthur

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For other uses, see Arthur (disambiguation).
Arthur
Latin
Other names
See alsoArtur, Art, Artie (short form), Arturo, Arttu or/and Artturi (Finnish variant)

Arthur is a masculine given name possibly of

Latin origin, derived from the Roman clan Artorius who lived in Roman Britain for centuries.[2] Its popularity derives from it being the name of the legendary hero King Arthur
. It may derive from the Celtic Artos meaning “Bear”.

A common spelling variant used in many Slavic, Romance, and Germanic languages is Artur. In Spanish and Italian it is Arturo.

Etymology

The earliest attestation of the name Arthur is in the early 9th century Welsh-Latin text

Breton landowner named Arthur witnessed several charters collected in the Cartulary of Redon.[5]

The Irish borrowed the name by the late 6th century (either from an early

Cumbric form Artur), producing Old Irish Artúr (Latinized as Arturius by Adomnán in his Life of St. Columba, written circa 697–700),[4][6] The earliest historically attested bearer of the name is a son or grandson of Áedán mac Gabráin (died 609).[7]

The exact origins of the name Arthur remains a matter of debate. Some claim that it derives from the Roman

Messapic[9][10][11] or Etruscan origin.[12][13][14] Nevertheless, according to etymologist Kemp Malone "the theory that derives Arthur from Artorius is left unsupported by any evidence worthy of the name".[8]

According to the linguist and

patronym *Arto-rīg-ios, meaning "Son of the Bear/Warrior-King". *Arto-rīg-ios is unattested, but the root, *arto-rīg, "bear/warrior-king", is the source of the Old Irish personal name Artrí, while the similar *Arto-maglos, "bear-prince", produced names in several Brittonic languages. According to Zimmer's etymology, the Celtic short compositional vowel -o- was lengthened and the long -ī- in the second element of the compound -rījos was shortened by Latin speakers, under the influence of Latin agent nouns ending in -tōr (and their derivatives in -tōrius).[15] Some scholars have noted that the legendary King Arthur's name only appears as Arthur, Arthurus, or Arturus in early Latin Arthurian texts, never as Artōrius (although the Classical Latin Artōrius became Arturius in some Vulgar Latin dialects). However, this may not say anything about the origin of the name Arthur, as Artōrius would regularly become Art(h)ur when borrowed into Welsh.[16]

The commonly proposed derivation from Welsh arth "bear" + (g)wr "man" (earlier *Arto-uiros in Brittonic) is not possible for phonological and orthographic reasons; notably that a Brittonic compound name *Arto-uiros should produce Old Welsh *Artgur (where -u- represents the short vowel /u/) and Middle/Modern Welsh *Arthwr and not Arthur (where -u- is a long vowel /ʉː/) In Welsh poetry the name is always spelled Arthur and is exclusively rhymed with words ending in -ur—never words ending in -wr—which confirms that the second element cannot be [g]wr "man").[17][18]

An alternative theory, which has gained limited acceptance among scholars,

latinisation of the Greek Ἀρκτοῦρος (Arktouros)[26] and means Bear Guardian from ἄρκτος (arktos "bear")[27] and οὖρος (ouros "watcher/guardian").[28] This form, Arcturus would have become Art(h)ur when borrowed into Welsh, and its brightness and position in the sky led people to regard it as the "guardian of the bear" and the "leader" of the other stars in Boötes.[29]

Avestan aṣ̌a/arta and its

Proto-Indo-European *h2r-to- "properly joined, right, true", from the root *h2ar. The word is attested in Old Persian
as arta.

People and characters with the given name Arthur

Kings and princes

Legendary

  • Arthurian legend

Brittany

Great Britain

Famous people

Artturi

Fictional characters

Main article: Arthur (disambiguation) § Characters

Translations

See also

References

  1. ^ Barber 1986, p. 141
  2. ^ Campbell, Mike. "Meaning, origin and history of the name Arthur". Behind the Name. Retrieved 2022-04-04.
  3. ^ Koch, John T., The Gododdin of Aneirin, University of Wales Press, 1997, pp. xi, xxii, 22, 147, 148.
  4. ^
    ISBN 1-85109-440-7
    .
  5. ^ de Courson, A. (ed.), Cartulaire de Redon, Paris, 1863, pp. 19, 42, 60, 76, 183.
  6. ^ * Jaski, Bart, Early Irish examples of the name Arthur, Z.C.P. band 56, 2004.
  7. ^ Adomnán, I, 8–9 and translator's note 81; Bannerman, pp. 82–83. Bannerman, pp. 90–91, notes that Artúr is the son of Conaing, son of Áedán in the Senchus fer n-Alban.
  8. ^ a b Malone 1925
  9. ^ Marcella Chelotti, Vincenza Morizio, Marina Silvestrini, Le epigrafi romane di Canosa, Volume 1, Edipuglia srl, 1990, pg. 261, 264.
  10. ^ Ciro Santoro, "Per la nuova iscrizione messapica di Oria", La Zagaglia, A. VII, n. 27, 1965, P. 271-293.
  11. ^ Ciro Santoro, La Nuova Epigrafe Messapica "IM 4. 16, I-III" di Ostuni ed nomi in Art-, Ricerche e Studi, Volume 12, 1979, p. 45-60
  12. ^ Wilhelm Schulze, Zur Geschichte lateinischer Eigennamen (Volume 5, Issue 2 of Abhandlungen der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Philologisch-Historische Klasse, Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften Göttingen Philologisch-Historische Klasse), 2nd Edition, Weidmann, 1966, p. 72, pp. 333–338
  13. ^ Olli Salomies: Die römischen Vornamen. Studien zur römischen Namengebung. Helsinki 1987, p. 68
  14. ^ Herbig, Gust., "Falisca", Glotta, Band II, Göttingen, 1910, p. 98
  15. ^ Zimmer 2009
  16. ^ Koch 1996, p. 253
  17. ^ See Higham 2002, p. 74.
  18. ^ See Higham 2002, p. 80.
  19. ^ Bromwich, Rachel, Trioedd ynys Prydein: the Welsh triads, University of Wales Press, 1978, p. 544
  20. ^ Zimmer, Stefan, Die keltischen Wurzeln der Artussage: mit einer vollständigen Übersetzung der ältesten Artuserzählung Culhwch und Olwen, Winter, 2006, p. 37
  21. ^ Zimmer, Stefan, "The Name of Arthur – A New Etymology ", Journal of Celtic Linguistics, Volume 13, Number 1, March 2009, University of Wales Press, pp. 131–136.
  22. ^ Walter, Philippe, Faccia M. (trans.), Artù. L'orso e il re, Edizioni Arkeios, 2005, p. 74.
  23. ^ Johnson, Flint, The British sources of the abduction and Grail romances, University Press of America, 2002, pp. 38–39.
  24. ^ Chambers, Edmund Kerchever, Arthur of Britain, Speculum Historiale, 1964, p. 170
  25. ^ arctūrus, Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, on Perseus
  26. ^ [1], Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon.
  27. ^ [2], Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon.
  28. ^ [3], Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon.
  29. ^ Anderson 2004, pp. 28–29; Green 2007b, pp. 191–4.
  30. ^ "AṦA (Asha "Truth") – Encyclopaedia Iranica". Iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2013-02-21.

Sources

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