Arthur Gould (rugby union)
Birth name | Arthur Joseph Gould | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Date of birth | 10 October 1864 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Place of birth | Newport, Wales | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Date of death | 2 January 1919 | (aged 54)||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Place of death | Newport, Wales | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Height | 179 cm (5 ft 10 in)[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Weight | 70 kg (11 st 0 lb; 154 lb)[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notable relative(s) |
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Occupation(s) |
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Rugby union career | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Arthur Joseph "Monkey" Gould (10 October 1864 – 2 January 1919) was a Welsh international
Following the withdrawal of their regular fullback, Newport RFC first selected Gould in 1882, when he was 18. He was never dropped from the side thereafter and played regularly until he retired in 1898. Gould played for Newport during their "invincible" season of 1891–92, when they did not lose a match, and scored a record 37 tries in Newport's 24-game 1893–94 season, a club record that still stands. Gould frequently travelled due to his job as a public contractor, and consequently turned out for a number of other sides during his career, including the clubs Richmond and London Welsh, and the county side Middlesex.
Gould was first selected for Wales in 1885 when he played at fullback against England. He was awarded the captaincy in 1889, by which time he was playing at centre, and led Wales to their first Home Nations Championship and Triple Crown titles in 1893; that tournament's match against England established Gould as a great player and captain. By the time Gould retired he was the most capped Welsh centre, a record he held until 1980, with 25 caps in the position. He ended his international career against England on 9 January 1897. The game, played in front of 17,000 supporters at Rodney Parade, was Gould's 18th as Wales captain – a record eventually broken by Ieuan Evans in 1994.
Towards the end of his career, Gould was at the centre of a controversy known as the "Gould affair" that saw Wales withdraw from international rugby for a year. The controversy centred on the support of the
Family and early years
Arthur Joseph Gould was born into a sporting family in Newport, Wales, on 10 October 1864 to Joseph and Elizabeth.[4] His father, from Oxford, England, moved to Newport to find work, setting up his own brass foundry business.[4][5] Joseph was also an ardent sportsman, playing for the local cricket team.[6]
Gould's five brothers were all notable rugby players and athletes. His brother
The young Gould often climbed trees, and thus acquired the childhood nickname "Monkey", which was soon contracted by most to "Monk".
Rugby career
Club and county history
At the age of 14 Gould captained the Newport Junior team, and later played a few games for the Third XV.
As rugby was then an exclusively amateur sport, Gould and his brother Bob travelled Britain working as public works contractors.
Season | Tries | Drop goals | Points |
---|---|---|---|
1891–92 | 31 | 7 | 121 |
1892–93 | 37 | 4 | 127 |
1893–94 | 17 | 8 | 83 |
1894–95 | 15 | 1 | 49 |
1895–96 | 17 | 5 | 71 |
1896–97 | 7 | 9 | 57 |
In the 1885–86 season he was moved up to play as a threequarter for Newport. As he was frequently travelling and playing in England between 1885 and 1890, Gould was not a regular member of the team.[22] After playing just a handful games during the three seasons preceding it, in the 1889–90 season he managed 15 games for the club – scoring ten tries and five dropped goals.[23]
In June 1890 Gould left Britain to complete a works contract in the West Indies, but returned to Newport in time for the 1891–92 season.[22] Newport were unbeaten throughout that campaign, which was later dubbed their "invincible" season.[24] Gould captained Newport between 1893–94, when the team lost only three games, and in the 1894–95 season, in which the club lost only to Llanelli. During his first period as captain, 1893–94, Gould scored 37 tries in 24 games, a club record that still stands as of 2013.[25] Although records before 1886 are incomplete, Newport RFC acknowledge Gould's scoring record at the club between the 1882–83 and 1898–99 seasons as 159 tries, 66 conversions, 61 dropped goals and a single penalty, over 231 appearances.[1]
Gould also turned out for the Middlesex county side,[3][26] and was a mainstay during their "invincible" season of 1887–88.[27] He also played for them against the New Zealand Native team in 1888.[28] The match, hosted by the Earl of Sheffield,[d] was an invitation only event. The Middlesex side won 9–0,[e] and scored three tries in the match, the second one resulting from a smart pass by Gould.[29] In addition to Gould, the Middlesex backline of the time regularly fielded a number of English and Scottish internationals – this earned the side the sarcastic nickname "the Imperial team".[29][31]
International career
1885–89
Gould was first capped for Wales against England in the opening game of the 1885 Home Nations Championship.[32] He joined his brother Bob in the side, and played at fullback, his preferred position at the time. Played under the captaincy of Newport teammate Charlie Newman, this was Wales' eighth-ever international and fourth encounter with England. The Welsh lost by a goal and a try to a goal and four tries. Wing Martyn Jordan of London Welsh scored both Welsh tries, with one successfully converted into a goal.[32][f] Some accounts award the conversion to Charles Taylor,[34] though it is now generally credited to Gould.[32] Gould was selected for the second game of the tournament, an away draw to Scotland, in which both teams played a pair of brothers; George and Richard Maitland for Scotland, and Arthur and Bob Gould for Wales.[35]
By 1886 the four threequarter system had spread throughout Wales. First instituted by
For the 1885–86 season Gould switched from fullback at Newport to the centre position; this tactic was adopted by Wales and Gould replaced Cardiff's Hancock at centre for their first match of the
In the next season, Wales completed their first full Home Nations Championship; Gould played as the lone centre in all three games. It was a fairly successful Championship for the Welsh, with a draw, a win and a loss, leaving them second in the table.
1890–93
Gould appeared in Wales' three matches of the
Gould missed the entire 1891 campaign as he and his brother Bob had travelled to the West Indies to conduct civil engineering work.[53] Gould regained his international place and the captaincy on his return for the 1892 Home Nations Championship. The tournament was a failure for Wales; the team lost all three of their matches. There was little consistency for Gould at centre, with three different centre-pairings in each of the matches; Garrett against England, Conway Rees at home to Scotland and in the Irish encounter, Gould's younger brother Bert.[54] The 1892 Championship was soured by the aftermath of the Wales–Scotland encounter, which was played in Swansea at St. Helen's. After Wales lost the game 7–2, members of the crowd, angered by Jack Hodgson's refereeing of the game, attacked him. The assailants by-passed the police and the referee had to be rescued by members of the Welsh team. In the struggle, Gould was struck on the chin,[55] and it was reported that Hodgson only reached the Mackworth Hotel because Gould accompanied him on the coach.[56]
The Welsh performance during the 1893 Home Nations Championship was in stark contrast to the previous year. Under the captaincy of Gould, Wales not only won the Championship for the first time, but also the Triple Crown.[57] The first match of the campaign was against England, and played at the Cardiff Arms Park.[58] The pitch had been kept from freezing over the night before by 500 braziers dispersed across the playing field.[59] This led to a slippery ground, with play further hampered by a strong wind.[60]
The English played the first half with the wind behind them and their nine-man scrum dominated the smaller Welsh pack. At half time Wales were 7–0 down following tries from
The Welsh backs repeatedly exposed the three threequarter system used by the English, as once the Welsh backs broke through the pack there was little defensive-cover to prevent run away scores. With the score at 9–7 to England, Marshall extended the lead with his third try of the match. This gave England an 11–7 lead with only ten minutes remaining. The game swung again when
At the final whistle the pitch was invaded by Welsh fans and Gould was carried shoulder-high back to the Angel Hotel, cheered all the way.[65] It was a defining moment for the Welsh style of play. England adopted the four threequarter system the following year.[66]
Gould continued to captain the Wales team through victory over Scotland, with tries coming from Bert Gould, Biggs and William McCutcheon; all the result of precision handling from the backs.[65] This left the final encounter with Ireland, played at Stradey Park in Llanelli, as the deciding match for a Welsh Triple Crown. Despite an unconvincing Welsh display, an enthusiastic crowd of 20,000 watched their country win the game and with it the title, decided by a single try from Bert Gould.[67]
1894–97
The
By 1895 the only backs remaining from the 1893 Championship-winning team were Bancroft and Gould. Gould was now partnered with Owen Badger, who kept his place for the whole campaign. As the other teams adopted the Welsh style of play, Wales lost their advantage; the livelier English forwards outplayed their Welsh counterparts to give England victory in the opening game of the 1895 Championship.[68] This was followed by a close loss to Scotland at Raeburn Place and then a narrow win over Ireland at the Cardiff Arms Park.[70][71]
1896 was Gould's last full international tournament. The Championship started badly for Wales with a heavy defeat by England, during which Wales were reduced to 14 men after Badger broke his collar-bone in the first 15 minutes.[72][i] In the second game Wales beat Scotland 6–0, with a try each for Gould and Cliff Bowen. The final game of the Championship was an away loss to Ireland, in which Gould scored his last international points with a dropped goal. At the end of 1896 Gould decided to retire from rugby.[22]
In 1897, Gould was enticed out of retirement for one last Championship.
Matches played
Country | 1885 | 1886 | 1887 | 1888 | 1889 | 1890 | 1891 | 1892 | 1893 | 1894 | 1895 | 1896 | 1897 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
England | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
Ireland | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||
Scotland | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Gould affair
By 1896 Gould had played more first class matches, scored more tries and dropped more goals than any other player on record. This led to South Wales Argus journalist W. J. Townsend Collins, to write in the paper: "... as Arthur Gould is as pre-eminent in football as W. G. Grace is in cricket, the footballing enthusiasts of Wales might recognise his services to the game ... by some national testimonial."[77]
A Welsh shipbroker, W. J. Orders, organised a collection fund on the floor of the Cardiff Coal Exchange and floated a public testimonial of one shilling.[77] The national response was considerable and within weeks the total was into hundreds of pounds. This drew the Welsh Football Union (WFU) into a confrontation with the IRFB, as rule 2 on professionalism stated that no player was allowed to receive money from his club, or any member of his club, for services rendered to football.[77] The fund could have been seen as a professional fee to Gould, henceforth making him ineligible to play for his country. The WFU argued that the money raised was not given by the club, but rather an outpouring of thanks from the Welsh public to a national hero.[79]
By April 1896 the Welsh Football Union had sanctioned a subscription of 1,000 shillings to be contributed to the Gould testimonial. The Rugby Football Union (RFU) complained and the IRFB reacted by informing the WFU that only a plate up to the value of a hundred pounds sterling could be given to Gould, and that the remaining funds should be donated to charity;[80] otherwise Wales would lose their international fixtures. The WFU stood down and withdrew their subscription. The reaction in Wales was one of anger, with the people feeling that the WFU had bowed to English pressure, and had been bullied into a decision against the people's wishes.[79]
In a move that was described as an act of hurt pride by social historian David Smith, but also as a manoeuvre to appease the Welsh supporters, in February 1897 the WFU wrote to the IRFB and withdrew their membership.
Wales did not field an international team until the IRFB, supported by the RFU,[84] recommended that the WFU be readmitted into the organisation in February 1898. The WFU agreed that they would in future abide by all IRFB by-laws, and that Gould not be allowed to play in any future internationals. Gould accepted the ruling but returned to rugby as a referee[85] and Welsh international selector.[86] The compromise prevented a long term split in the sport, and by 1901 the IRFB added laws to the game banning professionalism to clarify their authority on the issue.[87]
Later life and legacy
After retiring from rugby, Gould became a brewery representative around Newport. He was still a very popular figure and was followed during his work by fans; his image was still worth money, appearing on merchandise such as cigarette cards and matchboxes.[6]
Gould died in 1919, at the age of 54. Falling ill at work on 2 January, he was rushed home where he died later that day of an internal haemorrhage.[1][3] His funeral was reported as the biggest ever seen in Wales up to that time; it was surpassed three decades later by that of the former British Prime Minister David Lloyd George.[1] Gould was buried at St Woolos Cemetery, Newport. In reporting his death, The Times stated:
To him more than anyone else is due the rise of Welsh football, and so football as we know it now. He did more than any one else to transform a game from one in which brute force and individual skill were the chief characteristics to one in which scientific combination became the main feature, without the sacrifice of individualism.[88]
In 1923 a memorial fund was raised in Gould's name, the donations of which were given to the Royal Gwent Hospital in Newport. The hospital recognised the gift with the Arthur Gould Memorial Bed, inscribed: "To the memory of Arthur Gould – Greatest of Rugby Football Players". The bed was lost, however, when a portion of the hospital was demolished.[1] Donations for the memorial, which totalled £1,525, were received from all over the world, and several matches were staged to raise funds, including a fixture between Newport and Cardiff.[27]
Gould has been described as the first superstar of his sport by rugby historian Terry Godwin while David Smith in the Official History of the Welsh Rugby Union described him as the first player to surpass national recognition, becoming in both meanings of the word "an international".[89][90] The Welsh Academy's Encyclopedia of Wales, published over 90 years after his death, records Gould as "Welsh rugby's first superstar",[85] while a 1919 obituary described him as "the most accomplished player of his generation".[3] He set several long-standing records for his country, including captaining Wales 18 times, a number eventually surpassed by Ieuan Evans in 1994. Gould played 25 matches at centre for Wales, a record that stood until beaten by Steve Fenwick in 1980.[1] He was also the most capped Welsh player, with 27, at the time of his retirement.[91]
Gould was inducted into the Welsh Sports Hall of Fame in June 2007;[92] members of Gould's family were in attendance including his granddaughter Mary Hales. When Newport RFC set up their own hall of fame in 2012 the first person inaugurated was Gould.[93] Gould was inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame in November 2016.[94]
Footnotes
Notes
- ^ A Triple Crown is when one of the four Home Nations sides defeats the other three during a single championship.[9]
- ^ A "XV" is a rugby union team (due to the 15 players in a side), and therefore Third XV is the 2nd reserve side.
- ^ The regular fullback was Fred Dowdall.[19]
- ^ The Earl of Sheffield was a well known patron of sport, and cricket in particular.[29]
- ^ At the time tries scored one point, conversions two points, and penalties and drop goals three points.[30]
- ^ During this period matches were decided on goals. The most means of scoring a goal was to first score a "try", which resulted in an unimpeded conversion attempt. If the kick was successful, the "try" would be converted into a goal.[33] In this match Jordan scored two tries; one was successfully converted turning the try into a goal, while the second was missed, remaining a try.
- ^ Several later sources state that Gould retained a dislike for the four three-quarter system; historian John Griffiths wrote that when Gould was moved to fullback during the 1887 experiment it resulted in Gould's "abhorrence to the four threequarter system for the rest of his career".[39] This view is challenged in an 1893 interview (originally published in Chums magazine) in which Gould states of the new four three-quarter system, "I had always played three, and I did not like the game, but now I am convinced of its success."[16]
- International Rugby Union Board.[45]
- ^ There was no provision for replacements at the time – even for injuries.[73]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Arthur Gould: Profile.
- ^ Arthur Gould Wales.
- ^ a b c d Wanganui Chronicle.
- ^ a b c d Williams 2004.
- ^ Richards 1980, p. 73.
- ^ a b c d e Smith & Williams 1980, p. 69.
- ^ a b Bob Gould: Profile.
- ^ Bob Gould Wales.
- ^ Richards 2014.
- ^ Bert Gould: Profile.
- ^ Harry Gould: Profile.
- ^ Gus Gould: Profile.
- ^ Wyatt Gould: Profile.
- ^ a b Wyatt Gould.
- ^ Parry-Jones 1999, p. 43.
- ^ a b c Marshall 1893.
- ^ a b Smith & Williams 1980, p. 70.
- ^ a b c d Thomas 1979, p. 11.
- ^ a b c The 1882–83 Season.
- ^ a b Jones & Beken 1985, p. 6.
- ^ Jones & Beken 1985, p. 8.
- ^ a b c d Thomas 1979, p. 12.
- ^ Arthur Joseph (Monkey) Gould.
- ^ The 1891–92 Season.
- ^ Dams 2013.
- ^ Dictionary of Welsh Biography.
- ^ a b The Cynic 1923.
- ^ The Auckland Star.
- ^ a b c Ryan 1993, pp. 47–49.
- ^ Ryan 1993, p. 148.
- ^ Evening Express (1898).
- ^ a b c Home Nations – Swansea, 3 January 1885.
- ^ Griffiths 1987, Author's Note, x.
- ^ Godwin 1984, p. 10.
- ^ Brown, Guthrie & Growden 2010.
- ^ Davies 1975, p. 26.
- ^ Smith & Williams 1980, p. 71.
- ^ Godwin 1984, p. 13.
- ^ a b c d Griffiths 1987, chpt. 4, p. 4.
- ^ Smith & Williams 1980, pp. 61–62.
- ^ Home Nations – Cardiff, 9 January 1886.
- ^ a b Smith & Williams 1980, p. 62.
- ^ Godwin 1984, p. 15.
- ^ Griffiths 1982, p. 46.
- ^ Ryan 1993, pp. 82–83.
- ^ Home Nations – Newport, 4 February 1888.
- ^ Godwin 1984, p. 22.
- ^ Jenkins, Pierce & Auty 1991, p. 61.
- ^ Home Nations – Cardiff, 1 February 1890.
- ^ Billy Bancroft.
- ^ Griffiths 1987, chpt. 4, pp. 5–8.
- ^ Jenkins, Pierce & Auty 1991, p. 64.
- ^ Godwin 1984, p. 27.
- ^ Griffiths 1987, chpt. 4, p. 6.
- ^ Godwin 1984, p. 32.
- ^ Smith & Williams 1980, p. 73.
- ^ Parry-Jones 1999, p. 28.
- ^ a b Home Nations – Cardiff, 7 January 1893.
- ^ Godwin 1984, p. 34.
- ^ Smith & Williams 1980, p. 86.
- ^ a b c d e f Smith & Williams 1980, p. 87.
- ^ Griffiths 2000, p. 33.
- ^ Thomas 1979, p. 16.
- ^ Griffiths, "On This Day".
- ^ a b Smith & Williams 1980, p. 88.
- ^ Smith & Williams 1980, pp. 88–89.
- ^ Smith & Williams 1980, p. 89.
- ^ a b c Griffiths 1987, chpt. 4, p. 7.
- ^ Godwin 1984, pp. 40–41.
- ^ Home Nations – Edinburgh, 26 January 1895.
- ^ Home Nations – Cardiff, 16 March 1895.
- ^ Godwin 1984, p. 46.
- ^ Ryan 1993, pp. 46–47.
- ^ Parry-Jones 1999, p. 39.
- ^ Godwin 1984, p. 49.
- ^ Home Nations – Newport, 9 January 1897.
- ^ a b c d Smith & Williams 1980, p. 93.
- ^ Smith & Williams 1980, p. 466.
- ^ a b c Smith & Williams 1980, p. 94.
- ^ Parry-Jones 1999, p. 40.
- ^ Phillpots 2000, p. 93.
- ^ a b Smith & Williams 1980, p. 95.
- ^ Richards 1980, p. 84.
- ^ Parry-Jones 1999, p. 44.
- ^ a b Davies & Jenkins 2008, p. 327.
- ^ Vaughan 1990, chpt. 8.
- ^ Phillpots 2000, p. 94.
- ^ The Times.
- ^ Smith & Williams 1980, p. 68.
- ^ Godwin 1984, p. 9.
- ^ Leach 2007.
- ^ Welsh Sports Hall of Fame.
- ^ Newport RFC look at Arthur Gould collection whereabouts.
- ^ Gould Hall of Fame induction
Sources
Books
- Brown, Mathew; Guthrie, Patrick; Growden, Greg (2010). Rugby for Dummies. Mississauga, Ontario: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-67708-7.
- Davies, D.E. (1975). Cardiff Rugby Club, History and Statistics 1876–1975. Risca: The Starling Press. ISBN 0-9504421-0-0.
- Davies, John; Jenkins, Nigel (2008). The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6.
- Godwin, Terry (1984). The International Rugby Championship 1883–1983. London: Willow Books. ISBN 0-00-218060-X.
- Griffiths, John (1982). The Book of English International Rugby 1872–1982. London: Willow Books. ISBN 978-0-00-218006-1.
- Griffiths, John (1987). The Phoenix Book of International Rugby Records. London: Phoenix House. ISBN 0-460-07003-7.
- Griffiths, John (2000). Rugby's Strangest Matches. Robson Books. ISBN 1-86105-354-1.
- Jenkins, John M.; Pierce, Duncan; Auty, Timothy (1991). Who's Who of Welsh International Rugby Players. Wrexham: Bridge Books. ISBN 1-872424-10-4.
- Jones, Stephen; Beken, Paul (1985). Dragon in Exile, The Centenary History of London Welsh R.F.C. London: Springwood Books. ISBN 0-86254-125-5.
- Parry-Jones, David (1999). Prince Gwyn, Gwyn Nicholls and the First Golden Era of Welsh Rugby. Bridgend: seren. ISBN 1-85411-262-7.
- Phillpots, Kyle (2000), The Professionalisation of Rugby Union (Thesis), University of Warwick
- Richards, Alun (1980). A Touch of Glory: 100 Years of Welsh Rugby. London: Michael Joseph. ISBN 0-7181-1938-X.
- Ryan, Greg (1993). Forerunners of the All Blacks. Christchurch, New Zealand: Canterbury University Press. ISBN 0-908812-30-2.
- Smith, David; Williams, Gareth (1980). Fields of Praise: The Official History of The Welsh Rugby Union. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-0766-3.
- Thomas, Wayne (1979). A Century of Welsh Rugby Players. England: Ansells Ltd.
- Williams, Gareth (2004). Gould, Arthur Joseph (1864–1919). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
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News
- "Death of Arthur Gould – A Famous Welsh Football Player". The Times. London. 3 January 1919. p. 10.
- Marshall, F. (22 March 1893). "Interview with A. J. Gould". Evening Express. Cardiff. p. 2. Archived from the original on 15 October 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
- "Newport RFC look at Arthur Gould collection whereabouts". bbc.co.uk. 23 August 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
- "Rugby's Finest Player". Wanganui Chronicle. 17 May 1919. p. 6. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
- The Cynic (24 January 1923). "Football From Everywhere – Arthur Gould Memorial". Referee. Sydney: National Library of Australia. p. 16. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
- "The New Zealand Footballers in England – The Match at Sheffield Park". The Auckland Star. 10 December 1888. p. 2. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- "Two Games of Football From Which Arthur Gould Draws Lessons". Evening Express. Cardiff. 12 December 1898. p. 3. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
- Leach, Marcus (8 March 2007). "Welsh cap record set to be broken". planetrugby.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
- Richards, Huw (16 March 2014). "Ireland Hangs on to Capture Six Nations Rugby Title". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
Web
- "Arthur Gould: Profile". Newport RFC. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- "Arthur Gould Wales". espnscrum.com. ESPN. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
- "Arthur Joseph (Monkey) Gould". Friends of Newport Rugby Trust. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
- "Bert Gould: Profile". Newport RFC. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- "Billy Bancroft". swansearfc.co.uk. Swansea RFC. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
- "Bob Gould: Profile". Newport RFC. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
- "Bob Gould Wales". espnscrum.com. ESPN. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
- Dams, Mike (2013). "A Brief History of Newport RFC 1874–2013". Newport RFC. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- Griffiths, John. "On This Day – January". espnscrum.com. ESPN. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
- "Gus Gould: Profile". Newport RFC. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- "Harry Gould: Profile". Newport RFC. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- "Home Nations – Cardiff, 1 February 1890". espnscrum.com. ESPN. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- "Home Nations – Cardiff, 7 January 1893". espnscrum.com. ESPN. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- "Home Nations – Cardiff, 9 January 1886". espnscrum.com. ESPN. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
- "Home Nations – Cardiff, 16 March 1895". espnscrum.com. ESPN. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
- "Home Nations – Edinburgh, 26 January 1895". espnscrum.com. ESPN. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
- "Home Nations – Newport, 4 February 1888". espnscrum.com. ESPN. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- "Home Nations – Newport, 9 January 1897". espnscrum.com. ESPN. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
- "Home Nations – Swansea, 3 January 1885". espnscrum.com. ESPN. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- "Latest News". Welsh Sports Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 28 August 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- "The 1882–83 Season: History of Newport RFC". Friends of Newport Rugby Trust. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
- "The 1891–92 Season: History of Newport RFC". Friends of Newport Rugby Trust. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- Vaughan, Derrick Cyril (1990). "The Mature Years 1890–1900". newportpast.com. Newport: Newport First Stop. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- "Wyatt Gould". sports-reference.com. OlyMADMen. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
- "Wyatt Gould: Profile". Newport RFC. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- "GOULD, ARTHUR JOSEPH (1864-1919), Rugby footballer". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. 1959. Retrieved 7 August 2013.