Arthur R. von Hippel

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Arthur R. von Hippel
Born(1898-11-19)November 19, 1898
piezoelectric properties of barium titanate
AwardsPresident's Certificate of Merit
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
InstitutionsNiels Bohr Institute, MIT
ThesisThermo-Mikrophone (1924)
Doctoral advisorJames Franck
Doctoral studentsJay Last
Notes
His uncle, Eugen von Hippel described the ophthalmic hemangiomata that are part of von Hippel–Lindau disease, which bears his name.
His son, Eric von Hippel, is an MIT economist.

Arthur Robert von Hippel (November 19, 1898 – December 31, 2003)

ferroelectric materials, and semiconductors and was a codeveloper of radar during World War II.[2]

Early life

Von Hippel was born in

Ph.D. in physics in 1924 under the Nobel Prize winner James Franck
who in 1930 became his father-in-law by marriage with Franck's daughter Dagmar.

Career and achievements

In 1933, with the ascension of

Karl Compton, von Hippel moved again, this time to the United States, and became an assistant professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. During this time, he studied the properties and behavior of high voltage gas discharges, using positive and negative Lichtenberg figures
recorded on photographic film. In 1940 he founded the Laboratory for Insulation Research, which soon became one of the most important research and education centers in this area in the world.

Together with the

piezoelectric properties of barium titanate
(BaTiO3).

During the war the results on

dielectrics obtained by the Laboratory for Insulation Research were classified information. After the war these results were prepared for publication. In 1954 von Hippel published Dielectrics and Waves and assembled Dielectric Materials and Applications with 22 collaborators.[3] The Laboratory for Insulation Research also published several technical reports.[4]

Arthur introduced his ideas of designing materials with properties prescribed for the purpose at hand, or molecular engineering, in 1956 in an article[5] that discussed impurities and dislocations in materials, and the use of imperfections. He edited the volume Molecular Science and Molecular Engineering (1959).[6][7]

The premier award of the Materials Research Society is named in his honor.

Later life

He died at 105 years of age, in 2003. His son, Frank N. von Hippel is a theoretical physicist and professor of Public Policy at Princeton University. Another son, Eric von Hippel, is a professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management who has done pioneering research on user innovation. His uncle, Eugen von Hippel, described the ophthalmic hemangiomata that are part of Von Hippel–Lindau disease, which bears his name.

In historical fiction

Von Hippel is briefly mentioned in Ayşe Kulin's historical novel Without a Country as one of the German scientists who took an academic position in Turkey while fleeing Nazi Germany.

References

  1. ^ Rose, Derek (January 4, 2004). "Arthur R. von Hippel". The Tech. Archived from the original on March 30, 2012. Retrieved 2008-05-10.
  2. doi:10.1063/1.1809100
    .
  3. ^ S.O. Morgan (1955) Reviews on Dielectrics, Journal of the Electrochemical Society 102(3)
  4. ^ The following citations are from Google Books:
  5. Jstor
  6. C.E.H. Bawn (1962) "Review: Molecular Science and Molecular Engineering, Tetrahedron
    18(3):385 "coherent, clear, interesting"
  7. ^ G.A. Gilbert (10 December 1959) Solid State Physics and Chemistry, New Scientist, link from Google Books

External links

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