Aschaffenburg
This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2017) |
Aschaffenburg | |
---|---|
Urban district | |
Subdivisions | 10 districts |
Government | |
• Lord mayor (2020–26) | Jürgen Herzing[1] (SPD) |
Area | |
• Total | 62.45 km2 (24.11 sq mi) |
Elevation | 138 m (453 ft) |
Population (2022-12-31)[2] | |
• Total | 72,444 |
• Density | 1,200/km2 (3,000/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
Postal codes | 63739–63743 |
Dialling codes | 06021, 06028 (Obernau) |
Vehicle registration | AB |
Website | www.aschaffenburg.de |
Aschaffenburg (German pronunciation: [aˈʃafn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ; South Franconian: Aschebersch) is a town in northwest Bavaria, Germany. The town of Aschaffenburg is not part of the district of Aschaffenburg, but is its administrative seat.
Aschaffenburg belonged to the
Geography
Location
The town is located on both sides of the
Climate
The climate is continental, typically with warm, dry summers and cold, damp winters. Aschaffenburg usually receives less snowfall during the winter than the nearby Spessart.
Subdivision
Aschaffenburg comprises 10
- Damm
- Gailbach
- Leider
- Nilkheim
- Obernau
- Obernauer Kolonie (Obernauer Colony)
- Österreicher Kolonie (Austrian Colony)
- Schweinheim
- Stadtmitte (town center)
- Strietwald
Nilkheim and Leider are the only Stadtteile which are located on the left bank of the river Main.
Neighbouring communities
The following municipalities border Aschaffenburg (clockwise, from the north): Johannesberg, Glattbach, Goldbach, Haibach, Bessenbach, Sulzbach am Main, Niedernberg, Großostheim, Stockstadt am Main and Mainaschaff.
History
Etymology
The name Aschaffenburg (Ascaffaburc, Ascapha or Ascaphaburg in the Middle Ages) originally meant "castle at the ash tree river" deriving from the river Aschaff that runs through parts of the town.
Pre-history to Middle Ages
The earliest remains of settlements in the area of Aschaffenburg date from the Stone Age.
Aschaffenburg was originally a settlement of the
Around 550, the area had been conquered by the
In the
Modern times through 19th century
In 1552, the late-
Aschaffenburg was the site of the "
In 1810, the Principality of Aschaffenburg was merged into the new
During the Austro-Prussian War, the Prussian Army inflicted a severe defeat on the Grand Duchy of Hesse near Aschaffenburg in the Battle of Frohnhofen on 13 July 1866.[9]
World War II
In World War II, Aschaffenburg was heavily damaged by Allied area bombing, including Schloss Johannisburg which was completely restored several years later. The German military chose to strongly defend Aschaffenburg during the last weeks of the war, which resulted in the "Battle of Aschaffenburg" fought 28 March – 3 April 1945. The U.S. 45th Infantry Division was forced to take the fortified town against stiff German resistance in a series of frontal assaults that involved house-to-house fighting and vicious close combat. The resulting widespread urban destruction was quite severe, as cannon fire was used point-blank to blast through structures.[10]
Aschaffenburg displaced persons camps
At the end of World War II the
- Artillerie Kaserne — approx. 2,000 people (1945–1949)[13]
- Bois Brulé Kaserne — 1,500 people (1946–1949)[14]
- LaGarde Kaserne — 1,700 people (1945–1949)[15]
- Pionier Kaserne — 2,000 people (1946–1949)[16]
Two other camps, Alte (old) Kaserne and Jäger Kaserne housed mainly
Post-war development
In the decades following the war, Aschaffenburg and the surrounding region experienced robust economic prosperity, partially due to its close proximity to
According to an online 2002 survey in Stern magazine, [Stern 14/2002], 82 percent of residents living in the Bayerischer Untermain region where Aschaffenburg is located were satisfied with the place where they lived. This was the highest level recorded in the survey, making the region the #1 place to live in Germany, based on several factors including employment opportunities in the region, educational facilities, public services, transportation, recreational options, shopping, cultural facilities/events, climate, etc.
Another survey taken in 2006 by McKinsey, Stern magazine, ZDF, and web.de again showed that Aschaffenburg has one of the highest ratings for quality of life in Germany.[citation needed]
U.S. military presence (1945–2007)
Aschaffenburg was the location of several United States Army installations throughout the Cold War. After initially taking over the administration of the ex-Wehrmacht installations, which were then used as displaced persons camps, the American presence in the Aschaffenburg military community began after general renovations in 1948.[11] The installation sites were known as Ready Kaserne (previously Artillerie Kaserne), Smith Kaserne (previously LaGarde Kaserne), Graves Kaserne (previously Bois Brulé Kaserne), Fiori Kaserne (previously Pionier Kaserne), and Jaeger Kaserne (previously Jäger Kaserne). These housed armour, infantry, engineer, maintenance and artillery elements of the U.S. Army 3rd Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division and various VII Corps elements including the 9th Engineer Battalion, the 3rd Bn 21st Field Artillery (Honest John), and the 1st Bn 80th Field Artillery (LANCE). Much of the U.S. Army presence in Aschaffenburg ended in 1992 with the ending of the Cold War. The last buildings, which were primarily used for housing, were handed back to the local government in 2007.
Demographics
Population
|
|
|
Age distribution of the population (as of 2007)
Age | Population |
---|---|
0-19 | 13,888[18] |
20-39 | 19,505[18] |
40-59 | 18,951[18] |
60+ | 16,556[18] |
Governance
Lord Mayors
- Wilhelm Matt (1872–1936) (BVP) (1904–1933)
- Wilhelm Wohlgemuth (1900–1978) (NSDAP) (1933–1945)
- Jean Stock (1893–1965) (SPD) (1945)
- Vinzenz Schwind (1910–1974) (1945–1970)
- Willi Reiland (1933–2015) (SPD) (1970–2000)
- Klaus Herzog (born 1951) (SPD) (2000–2020)
- Jürgen Herzing (born 1960) (SPD) (since 2020)
Economy
In 2017 (latest data available) the GDP per inhabitant was €69,928. This places the district 9th out of 96 districts (rural and urban) in Bavaria (overall average: €46,698).[21]
Well-known companies in Aschaffenburg are (e.g.):
Shopping
The City Galerie, opened in 1974 and located in the central part of the city, is the largest shopping mall in northern Bavaria. It was one of the first indoor shopping malls in Germany. Aschaffenburg also has a pedestrian shopping zone closed to motor vehicles, except for deliveries.
Politics
Aschaffenburg is part of the Aschaffenburg constituency for elections to the Bundestag.
Arts and culture
Cultural events
Aschaffenburg hosts numerous festivals, fairs, exhibitions, markets and concerts throughout the year including the annual Stadtfest, held on the last weekend in August.
Theaters and entertainment venues
- Colos-Saal, a live-music club
- Erthaltheater
- f.a.n. Frankenstolz Arena (formerly Unterfrankenhalle)
- Kabarett im Hofgarten
- Ludwigstheater
- Stadthalle am Schloss
- Stadttheater (town theater)
- Zimmertheater.
Museums and galleries
- Stiftsmuseum
- Naturwissenschaftliches Museum Aschaffenburg
- Gentilhaus
- KunstLANDing
- Städtische Galerie "Kunsthalle Jesuitenkirche"
- Neuer Kunstverein Aschaffenburg
- Künstlerhaus Walter Helm
- Christian Schad Museum (opened in May 2018)[23]
Archaeological Spessart Projekt
The Archeological Spessart Project is a registered association, whose mission is to research and communicate facts about the cultural landscape of the Spessart. The organisation works closely with various universities and research institutes in a variety of scientific projects.[24]
Library and archive
- Stadtbibliothek Aschaffenburg (Aschaffenburg town library)
- Stadt- und Stiftsarchiv Aschaffenburg (Aschaffenburg town archive)
Cinemas
- Kinopolis, a modern multiplex cinema
- Casino
Recreation
A large recreational complex is located in the Stadtteil of Leider. It includes an indoor and outdoor swimming pool complex as well as an indoor ice rink and tennis courts, which are open to the general public. There's also a marina on the Main between the Willigis and Adenauer bridges.
Streetwear
The first Aschaffenburg Baseball Snapback was created by Tim Field in 2014.[citation needed]
Attractions
Sights
The main sights of Aschaffenburg are the
The graves of
Parks
Aschaffenburg has numerous parks including the following:
- Schönbusch Park, located in Nilkheim
- Schöntal Park, located in the town center
- Aschaffenburger Schlossgarten, around Schloss Johannisburg
- Kleine Schönbuschallee
Sports
Football
Viktoria Aschaffenburg is the primary football club. The club was formed on 24 June 1904 out of the merger of FC Aschaffenburg (6 August 1901) and FC Viktoria Aschaffenburg (12 April 1902). It was renamed Sportverein Viktoria 01 Aschaffenburg on 3 June 1906. Their homefield is Stadion am Schönbusch (Schönbusch stadium), a modern stadium located in Nilkheim.
American football
In 1991, the Aschaffenburg Stallions began playing
Baseball and softball
Aschaffenburg is also home to the Aschaffenburg Mohawks Baseball and Softball team. The softball team won the 2010 German Championship. The adult baseball team won the 2011 Landesliga South Championship and will play in the highest league of the state Hessen in 2012.
Infrastructure
Transport
Roads
Aschaffenburg is located on
After 43 years of planning and construction, the limited-access Innenstadtring or "inner-town-ring" road was completed in July 2013. It allows motorists to bypass the Stadtmitte (town center) and reduces traffic congestion in Aschaffenburg, which has been a problem in recent years. Another road project called Bahnparallele is currently under construction, with a small section already opened. It is located in the Stadtteil of Damm and runs parallel to the railway tracks.
Parking
There are approximately 7,500 parking spaces in the ten Stadtteile of Aschaffenburg and eight public parking garages.
Public transport
Aschaffenburg has a comprehensive bus network serving the town and surrounding region. The 15 main bus lines which serve the Stadtteile of Aschaffenburg are run by Stadtwerke Aschaffenburg. There are several other bus lines which link Aschaffenburg with the surrounding region. Those lines are run by other companies, including the Deutsche Bahn. A new regional bus terminal opened in 2008, adjacent to the Aschaffenburg Hauptbahnhof (main railway station). The Regionale Omnibusbahnhof Aschaffenburg (ROB) was built to consolidate all of the scattered bus stops in the area around the main railway station into one central location and reduce traffic congestion in the area.
Railway stations and stops
- InterCityExpress and InterCityservices as well as regional connections to neighboring towns and cities. A new, larger station building opened in 2011, replacing a smaller structure built in the 1950s.
- Aschaffenburg-Hochschule/University of Applied Sciences - The stop, located near Würzburger Straße, opened in 2007 to accommodate students attending nearby schools. It is positioned between Aschaffenburg Hauptbahnhof and Aschaffenburg-Süd/South. There is only a single track platform.
- Aschaffenburg-Süd/South
- Obernau
- Schönbusch-Nilkheim - The station closed when passenger service on the "Bachgaubahn" railway line ended in 1974.
- Leider - Freight railway terminal close to Aschaffenburg's port on the Main. There is no passenger service.
All passenger train service is provided by the Deutsche Bahn.
Harbor
Aschaffenburg has an active port along the Main in the Stadtteil of Leider. There is railway access to the port. In 2005, 2.8 million tons of cargo passed through the port.
Airports
A small
Medical
The three primary medical centers in Aschaffenburg are:
- Klinikum Aschaffenburg, the main hospital
- Hofgartenklinik
- Frauenklinik am Ziegelberg
There are approximately 789 hospital beds, 159 doctors, 68 dentists and 38 pharmacies in the Stadtteile of Aschaffenburg.
Education
There are various types of schools in Aschaffenburg serving approximately 18,000 students from the town and surrounding region.
University
Hochschule Aschaffenburg is a university of applied sciences (or Fachhochschule).
Media
Printed media
- Main-Echo, Aschaffenburg-based newspaper published daily except Sunday. This is the main newspaper for Aschaffenburg and the surrounding region. It was first published on 24 November 1945, replacing "Aschaffenburger Zeitung". It has a daily circulation of approximately 200,000 readers.
- Prima Sonntag, newspaper published only on Sunday
- FRIZZ Das Magazin, culture/scene magazine
- Brot & Spiele, culture magazine
- Szene Magazin
Radio and television
- Radio Primavera
- Radio Galaxy
- Main.tv - Das Primavera Fernsehen, Aschaffenburg programming
Internet
- www.main.tv - video-Website for Aschaffenburg (city and regional)
- Kommweichei.com e.V., the community and party scene in Aschaffenburg
- MainReporter.de - portal for Aschaffenburg (city and regional)
- abscene.de | Newgae magazine
- ABhörn, online Magazine
- Main-netz.de, news and community information for the region
Notable people
Before 1900
- Daniel Brendel von Homburg (1523–1582), Archbishop of Mainz from 1555 to 1582
- Martin Baldwin Kittel (1798–1885), professor of Aschaffenburg Hochschule from 1831 to 1871
- Johann Joseph Scherer (1814–1869), chemist
- Joseph von Lindwurm (1824–1874), physician and dermatologist
- Lujo Brentano (1844–1931), economist and social reformer
- Friedrich von Hefner-Alteneck (1845–1904), electrical engineer
- Joseph Anton Schneiderfranken (1876–1943), painter and author
- Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1880–1938), expressionist painter and printmaker
- Friedrich Dessauer (1881–1963), physicist, philosopher, socially engaged entrepreneur and journalist
- Hans Schmidt (1881–1916), priest executed for murder in the United States
- Alfons Maria Jakob (1884–1931), neurologist and neuropathologist
- Otto Gentil (1892–1969), painter and sculptor
1900 to 1959
- Hanns Seidel (1901–1961), politician and Bavarian prime minister from 1957 to 1960
- Inge Viermetz (1908–1997), official and defendant at the Nuremberg Trials
- Guido Dessauer (1915–2012), physicist, business executive, art collector, patron of arts and academic
- Peter Gingold (1916–2006), figure in the German Resistance and the National Committee for a Free Germany
- Wilfried Hofmann(1931–2020), diplomat and author
- Adalbert Kraus (born 1937), tenor
- Felix Magath (born 1953), football player and manager
- Rudi Bommer (born 1957), football player and manager
From 1960
- Urban Priol (born 1961), cabaret artist and comedian
- Winfried Bausback (born 1965), politician
- Burkard Schliessmann, classical pianist and concert artist
- Christian Hock (born 1970), football player and manager
- Carlos Boozer (born 1981), American basketball player
- Sabine Englert (born 1981), handball player
- Marcel Schäfer (born 1984), footballer
- José Holebas (born 1984), Greek footballer
- Demond Greene (born 1981), German basketballer
- Markus Neumayr (born 1986), footballer
- Ivo Iličević (born 1986), Croatian footballer
- Daria Kinzer (born 1988), Austrian-Croatian singer who represented Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011
- Patrick Amrhein (born 1989), footballer
- Paul Hill (born 1995), English rugby union player
Notable residents
- Willigis (940–1011), Archbishop of Mainz
- Diether von Isenburg (1412–1482), Elector and Archbishop of Mainz
- Dietrich Schenk von Erbach (?–1459), Archbishop of Mainz
- Mathis Gothart-Nithart(c. 1475–1528), Renaissance painter of religious works
- Wolfgang von Dalberg (1538–1601), Archbishop of Mainz
- Johann Adam von Bicken (1564–1604), Archbishop of Mainz
- Johann Schweikard von Kronberg (1553–1626), Archbishop of Mainz, commissioned the Schloss Johannisburg
- Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal (1719–1802), prince-elector and archbishop of Mainz
- Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg (1744–1817), Archbishop-Elector of Mainz, Arch-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Empire, Prince of Regensburg
- Johann Jakob Wilhelm Heinse (1746–1803), author
- Clemens Brentano (1778–1842), poet and novelist
- Franz Bopp (1791–1867), linguist
- Emil Erlenmeyer (1825–1909), chemist
- Alois Alzheimer (1864–1915), psychiatrist and neuropathologist
- Ludwig Thoma (1867–1921), author, publisher and editor, studied forestry in Aschaffenburg
- Christian Schad (1894–1982), painter
- Hugo Karpf (1895–1994), politician (CSU), unionist, member of Reichstag and Bundestag
- Alfons Goppel (1905–1991), politician (CSU) and Prime Minister of Bavaria
- Ernst Lehner (1912–1986), footballer
- Guido Knopp (born 1948), journalist and author
- Otto Becker (born 1958), show jumping champion
Twin towns – sister cities
Aschaffenburg is twinned with:[26]
- Perth, Scotland, United Kingdom (1956)
- Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France (1975)
- Miskolc, Hungary (1996)
References
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik, accessed 19 July 2021.
- ^ Genesis Online-Datenbank des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Statistik Tabelle 12411-003r Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes: Gemeinden, Stichtag (Einwohnerzahlen auf Grundlage des Zensus 2011) (Hilfe dazu).
- ^ ISBN 3-7701-0746-2.
- ^ ISBN 3-8313-1075-0.
- Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, p. 617.
- ^ Barnard, Henry. 1870. "Technical instruction. Special report of the Commissioner of Education." United States House of Representatives, January 19. Accessed: May 7, 2012.
- ^ "Aschaffenburg - Johannisburg Palace" (PDF). Bayerische Verwaltung der staatlichen Schlösser, Gärten und Seen. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
- ^ "Pompeiianum". Bayerische Verwaltung der staatlichen Schlösser, Gärten und Seen. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
- ^ Theodor Fontane, Der deutsche Krieg von 1866. 2. Band: Der Feldzug in West- und Mitteldeutschland. Berlin 1871, pp. 162–171 Google Books
- ^ Stanton, Shelby, World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939-1946 (Revised Edition, 2006), Stackpole Books, p. 134-135
- ^ a b U.S. ARMY INSTALLATIONS - ASCHAFFENBURG
- ^ 'Ашаффенбурґ', Енциклопедія українознавства ("Encyclopedia of Ukraine") Vol. І, p. 77
- ^ Artillerie Kaserne, Sälzerweg, Aschaffenburg 49°57′48.18″N 9°10′22.89″E / 49.9633833°N 9.1730250°E
- ^ Bois Brulé Kaserne, Würzburger Strasse, Aschaffenburg 49°57′48.32″N 9°10′38″E / 49.9634222°N 9.17722°E
- ^ LaGarde Kaserne, Würzburger Strasse, Aschaffenburg 49°58′1.02″N 9°9′57.75″E / 49.9669500°N 9.1660417°E
- ^ Pionier Kaserne, Schweinheimer Strasse, Aschaffenburg 49°57′59.06″N 9°9′33.61″E / 49.9664056°N 9.1593361°E
- ^ DP Camps in Aschaffenburg
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Bevölkerungsentwicklung in der Stadt Aschaffenburg (PDF) Archived December 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ 2010-09-30
- ^ "Federal Statistical Office Germany - GENESIS-Online". 17 August 2022.
- ^ "VGR der Länder, Kreisergebnisse für Deutschland - Bruttoinlandsprodukt, Bruttowertschöpfung in den kreisfreien Städten und Landkreisen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 2000 bis 2017 (German)". Statistische Ämter der Länder und des Bundes. Archived from the original on November 8, 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
- ^ "Companies in Aschaffenburg".
- ^ Homepage Christian Schad Museum
- ^ "Spessartprojekt: Ein Profil" [Spessart-Project: a profile]. Spessartprojekt. Retrieved 2023-03-13.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 720.
- ^ "Partnerstädte". aschaffenburg.de (in German). Aschaffenburg. Retrieved 2020-11-04.
External links
- Municipal website (German, English, French, Hebrew, Italian, Russian)
- University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg Archived 2018-03-01 at the Wayback Machine