North Asia

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Asian Russia
)
See also: Siberia and European Russia
North Asia
Area13,100,000 km2 (5,100,000 sq mi)
Population37 million (2021 census)
Population density2.6 per km2 (7.4 per mi2)
GDP (nominal)$480 billion (2021)[1]
GDP per capita$13,000 (2021)
Ethnic groupsMajority Slavic
Minority Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic peoples
ReligionsMajority Orthodox Christian
DemonymSiberian, North Asian
Countries Russia
Languages
Official languages
Other languages
  • Others
    • Time zones
    8 time zones
    Internet TLD.ru
    Calling codeZone 7
    Largest cities
    List
    UN M49 code151 – Eastern Europe
    150 – Europe
    001 – World
    North Asia
    Russian name
    RussianСеверная Азия
    RomanizationSevernaya Aziya

    North Asia or Northern Asia, also referred to as Siberia, is the northern region of Asia, which is defined in geographical terms and is coextensive with the Asian part of Russia and consists of three federal districts of Russia: Ural, Siberian, and the Far Eastern. North Asia is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to its north; by Eastern Europe to its west; by Central and East Asia to its south; and by the Pacific Ocean and North America to its east. It covers an area of 13,100,000 square kilometres (5,100,000 sq mi), or 8.8% of Earth's total land area; and is the largest subregion of Asia by area, [vague] but is also the least populated, [vague] with a population of around 37 million, accounting for merely 0.74% of Asia's population.

    Topographically, the region is dominated by the

    boundary between Asia and Europe. Tectonic and volcanic activities are frequently occurred in the eastern part of the region as part of the Ring of Fire, evidenced by the formation of island arcs such as the Kuril Islands and ultra-prominent peaks such as Klyuchevskaya Sopka, Kronotsky, and Koryaksky. The central part of North Asia is a large igneous province called the Siberian Traps, formed by a massive eruption occurred 250 million years ago. The formation of the traps coincided with the Permian–Triassic extinction event
    .

    North Asia, geographically, is a subregion of Asia. However, because it was colonised and incorporated into Russia, some international organisations either consider or classify North Asia as part of Eastern Europe along with European Russia.

    Indo-Europeans make up the vast majority of North Asia's population, and over 85% of the region's population is of European descent.[3][4]

    History

    Further information: History of human settlement in the Ural Mountains, History of Siberia, and Outer Manchuria
    Map of Northern Asia in 1921

    The region was first populated by

    Chinese neighbors in the south. The Göktürks dominated southern Siberia during the 1st millennium CE, while in the early 2nd millennium, the Mongol Empire and its successor states ruled the region. The Khanate of Sibir was one of the last independent Turkic states in North Asia before its conquest by the Tsardom of Russia in the 16th century. Russia would then gradually annex the region into its territory until the Convention of Peking was signed in 1860. After the October Revolution in 1917, the region was contested between the Bolsheviks and Whites until the Soviet Union
    asserted full control in 1923. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 left Russia as the administrator of the region.

    Geography

    See also:
    Geography of Siberia
    Further information: Geography of Russia § Northeast Siberia and Kamchatka
    Kamchatka Peninsula
    Putorana Plateau

    For geographical and statistical reasons, the United Nations geoscheme and various other classification schemes will not subdivide countries, and thus place all of Russia in Europe or the Eastern Europe subregion.

    There are no mountain chains in North Asia to prevent air currents from the Arctic flowing down over the plains of Siberia and Turkestan.[10]

    The plateau and plains of North Asia comprise the West Siberian Lowlands; the Angara Shield, with the Taymyr Peninsula, the coastal lowlands (the East Siberian Lowland and the North Siberian Lowland), and the Central Siberian Plateau (the Anabar Plateau, the Lena Plateau, the Lena-Angara Plateau, the Putorana Plateau, the Tunguska Plateau, and the Vilyuy Plateau); and the Central Yakutian Lowland.[11] Western Siberia is usually regarded as the Northwest Asia, Kazakhstan also sometimes included there. However, Northwest Asia sometimes refers to the South Caucasus or its nearby areas.[citation needed]

    Geomorphology

    Further information:
    Geology of Asia and Geology of Russia

    The geomorphology of Northern Asia in general is imperfectly known, although the deposits and mountain ranges are well known.[11]

    To compensate for new

    Bering Straits.[11]

    Northern Asia is built around the Angara Shield, which lies between the

    orogenesis around their margins, giving a complex of plateaux and mountain ranges. One can find outcrops of these rocks in unfolded sections of the Shields. Their presence has been confirmed below Mesozoic and later sediments.[11]

    There are three main periods of mountain building in Northern Asia, although it has occurred many times. The outer fold mountains that are on the margins of the Shields and that only affected Asia north of the line of the

    Dzungarian basins.[11]

    Northern Asia was

    Lena River. There are legacies of mountain glaciation to be found on the east Siberian mountains, on the mountains of the Kamchatka Peninsula, on the Altai, on Tian Shan, and on other small areas of mountains, ice caps remain on the islands of Severnaya Zemlya and Novaya Zemlya, and several Central Asian mountains still have individual glaciers. North Asia itself has permafrost, ranging in depths from 30 to 600 metres and covering an area of 9.6 million km2.[11]

    Several of the mountainous regions are volcanic, with both the

    Anadyr Plateau is formed from igneous rocks. The Mongolian Plateau has an area of basaltic lavas and volcanic cones.[11]

    The Angara Shield also underlies the lowlands of the

    Lower Palaeozoic rocks.[11]

    Demographics

    Further information:
    Demographics of the Russian Far East
    Russians in Vladivostok, on Russia's Pacific Coast

    Most estimates are that there are around 33 million

    Russian citizens living east of the Ural Mountains, a widely recognized but informal geographical divide between Europe and Asia. Of these Russian citizens of Siberia, most are Slavic-origin Russians and russified Ukrainians.[12] The Turkic peoples who are native to some parts of Siberia and native Tungusic and Mongolic peoples are now a minority in North Asia due to the Russification process during the last three centuries. Russian census records indicate they make up only an estimated 10% of the region's population, with the largest being the Buryats numbering at 445,175, and the Yakuts at 443,852. According to the 2002 census, there are 500,000 Tatars in Siberia, but 300,000 of them are Volga Tatars who settled in Siberia during periods of colonization.[13] Other ethnic groups that live in the region and make a significant portion include ethnic Germans numbering about 400,000.[14]

    In 1875, Chambers reported the population of Northern Asia to be 8 million.[10] Between 1801 and 1914, an estimated 7 million settlers moved from European Russia to Siberia, 85% during the quarter-century before World War I.[15]

     
     
    Largest cities or towns in North Asia
    Rank Region Pop.
    Novosibirsk
    Novosibirsk
    Yekaterinburg
    Yekaterinburg     		1 Novosibirsk Siberia 1,602,915 Chelyabinsk
    Chelyabinsk
    Omsk
    Omsk
    2 Yekaterinburg Ural (region) 1,455,514
    3 Chelyabinsk Ural (region) 1,198,858
    4 Omsk Siberia 1,178,391
    5 Krasnoyarsk Siberia 1,082,933
    6 Tyumen Ural (region) 744,554
    7 Barnaul Siberia 633,301
    8 Irkutsk Siberia 623,736
    9 Khabarovsk Russian Far East 616,242
    10 Vladivostok Russian Far East 606,589

    Administration

    Subdivisions of Asian Russia (Siberia)
    Federal Subjects Capital Area
    km2     		Population
    2010
    Kurgan Oblast Kurgan 71,000 910,807
    Sverdlovsk Oblast Yekaterinburg 194,800 4,297,747
    Tyumen Oblast Tyumen 143,520 3,395,755
    Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (Yugra) Khanty-Mansiysk 534,800 1,532,243
    Chelyabinsk Oblast Chelyabinsk 87,900 3,476,217
    Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Salekhard 750,300 522,904
    Ural Federal District Yekaterinburg 1,818,500 12,080,526
    Altai Republic Gorno-Altaysk 92,900 206,168
    Altai Krai Barnaul 168,000 2,419,755
    Irkutsk Oblast Irkutsk 774,800 2,248,750
    Kemerovo Oblast Kemerovo 95,700 2,763,135
    Krasnoyarsk Krai Krasnoyarsk 2,366,800 2,828,187
    Novosibirsk Oblast Novosibirsk 177,800 2,665,911
    Omsk Oblast Omsk 141,100 1,977,665
    Tomsk Oblast Tomsk 314,400 1,047,394
    Tuva Republic Kyzyl 168,600 307,930
    Republic of Khakassia Abakan 61,600 532,403
    Siberian Federal District Novosibirsk 4,361,800 17,178,298
    Amur Oblast Blagoveshchensk 361,900 830,103
    Republic of Buryatia Ulan-Ude 351,300 971,021
    Jewish Autonomous Oblast Birobidzhan 36,300 176,558
    Zabaykalsky Krai Chita 431,900 1,107,107
    Kamchatka Krai Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 464,300 322,079
    Magadan Oblast Magadan 462,500 156,996
    Primorsky Krai Vladivostok 164,700 1,956,497
    Sakha Republic Yakutsk 3,083,500 958,528
    Sakhalin Oblast Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk 87,100 497,973
    Khabarovsk Krai Khabarovsk 787,600 1,343,869
    Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Anadyr 721,500 50,526
    Far Eastern Federal District Vladivostok 6,952,600 8,371,257
    North Asia – 13,132,900 37,630,081

    See also

    References

    1. ^ "Валовой региональный продукт по субъектам Российской Федерации в 2016-2021гг".
    2. ISBN 9780199754182
      .
    3. ^ "ВПН-2010". Perepis-2010.ru. Archived from the original on 2012-01-18. Retrieved 2016-04-03.
    4. ^ "ВПН-2010". Gks.ru. Retrieved 2016-04-03.
    5. PMID 28695206
      .
    6. ^ Callaway, Ewen & Nature magazine (23 October 2014). "45,000-Year-Old Man's Genome Sequenced". Scientific American. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
    7. PMID 25341783
      .
    8. ^
      PMID 29895902
      .
    9. ISBN 978-0-19-993541-3
      .
    10. ^
      ISBN 9780665469145
      .
    11. ^
      ISBN 978-0-521-28965-8
      .
    12. ^ "Ukrainians in Russia's Far East try to maintain community life Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine". The Ukrainian Weekly. 4 May 2003.
    13. ^ "Фотоатлас "Сибирские татары"". February 27, 2002. Archived from the original on 2002-02-27.
    14. ^ "Siberian Germans". Encyclopedia.com.
    15. JSTOR 1848991
      .
    16. Russian Federal State Statistics Service
      . Retrieved 10 May 2018.
    17. ^ "Russia: Federal Districts and Major Cities". Citypopulation.de. Retrieved 26 March 2018.

    External links

    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_Asia&oldid=1211806806"