Astringent

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with
Stringent
.
A crystal of the astringent alum
blackthorn
berries (sloes) give the fruit its sourness.

An astringent (sometimes called adstringent) is a chemical that shrinks or constricts

body tissues. The word derives from the Latin adstringere, which means "to bind fast". Astringency, the dry, puckering or numbing mouthfeel caused by the tannins[1][2] in unripe fruits, lets the fruit mature by deterring eating. Tannins, being a kind of polyphenol, bind salivary proteins and make them precipitate and aggregate,[3][4][5]
producing a rough, "sandpapery", or dry sensation in the mouth.

Squirrels, wild boars, and insects can eat astringent food as their mouths are developed to be resistant to its effects.[6]

In

bitter) represented by "air and earth".[7][8]

Smoking tobacco is also reported to have an astringent effect.[9]

In a scientific study, astringency was still detectable by subjects who had local anesthesia applied to their taste nerves, but not when both these and the trigeminal nerves were disabled.[10]

Uses

In medicine, astringents cause constriction or contraction of

Goulard's Extract has been discontinued due to lead poisoning.[citation needed
]

Examples

Some common astringents are

bayberry, distilled vinegar, very cold water, and rubbing alcohol. Astringent preparations include silver nitrate, potassium permanganate, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, Burow's solution, tincture of benzoin, and such vegetable substances as tannic and gallic acids. Balaustines are the red rose-like flowers of the pomegranate, which are very bitter to the taste. In medicine, their dried form has been used as an astringent.[18] Some metal salts and acids have also been used as astringents.[19]

Astringency is used in classifications of white wine
.

References

  1. ISBN 9783540428558
    . Retrieved 2018-12-08.
  2. ISBN 9780323146814
    .
  3. ^ Fennema, Food Chemistry, 4th ed., p. 656.
  4. doi:10.1093/chemse/18.4.405
    .
  5. S2CID 235323337
    .
  6. ISBN 9781118865453
    .
  7. ISBN 9780914955061
    .
  8. ISBN 9781883725075
    .
  9. ^ McBride, Nome. "Herbal Smoking Mixes" (PDF). Traditional Roots Institute. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
  10. PMID 24860069
    .
  11. ISBN 978-0-671-01380-6
    . Retrieved 4 June 2014.
  12. ^
    ISBN 978-0-8155-1808-2
    . Retrieved 4 June 2014.
  13. ^ Acne from http://www.brown.edu
  14. PMID 18276714
    .
  15. ISBN 978-0-397-51519-6
    . Retrieved 4 June 2014.
  16. ^ Dorland, W. A. Newman (1907). The American illustrated medical dictionary (4th ed.). Philadelphia and London: W.B. Saunders company. pp. 14, 39, 635. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
  17. ISBN 978-0-486-22799-3
    . Retrieved 4 June 2014.
  18. ^ History of Science: Cyclopædia, or, An universal dictionary of arts and sciences…
  19. ^ Gregory, James (1833). Conspectus medicinae theoretic medicine; in two parts: Part I. Containing physiology and pathology. Part II. Containing therapeutics (2nd ed.). London: Stirling & Kenneg. pp. 255–256. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
  20. ^ Anemopsis californica from University of California, Irvine
  21. ^ Borg, John (1927). "Descriptive flora of the Maltese Islands". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  22. ISBN 9781118865453
    .

External links

  • The dictionary definition of astringent at Wiktionary
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