At His Majesty's pleasure

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At His Majesty's pleasure (when the reigning monarch is female, at Her Majesty's pleasure), sometimes abbreviated to the King's pleasure (or the Queen's pleasure), is a legal

administrator
, the phrase may be modified to be at the governor's pleasure or variations thereof, since the governor-general, governor, lieutenant governor, or administrator is the king's personal representative in the country, state, or province.

Service to the Crown

People appointed by the sovereign to serve

lieutenant governors are appointed by the Canadian monarch's federal representative, the governor general, and are, thus, described in the Constitution Act, 1867, as holding office "during the pleasure of the governor general".[1] Similarly, Australian ministers of state are, by the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900, appointed to serve "during the pleasure of the governor-general".[2]

Incarceration

The term is used to describe

act) sentence him to be detained during His Majesty's pleasure."[5]

Prisoners held at His Majesty's pleasure are periodically reviewed to determine whether their sentence can be deemed complete; although this power traditionally rested with the monarch, such reviews are now made

secretary of state for justice in England and Wales, for instance. Minimum terms are also set, before which the prisoner cannot be released; in England and Wales, these were originally set by the home secretary, but, since 30 November 2000, have been set by the trial judge.[6] Prisoners' sentences are typically deemed to be complete when the reviewing body is "satisfied that there has been a significant change in the offender's attitude and behaviour".[6]

Derivatives

In Commonwealth republics, such as Botswana,[7] India,[8] Kenya,[9] Pakistan, Singapore,[10] and South Africa,[11] the phrase is "during the president's pleasure". This term is also applied to other republics that are outside of the Commonwealth, such as Brazil, Egypt, Finland, France, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, South Korea, Mexico, Montenegro, and Serbia.

In

the transfer of its sovereignty to China in 1997, the term was modified to "at executive discretion" (Chinese: 等候行政長官的酌情決定).[12] Subsequently, this was held, by Judge Michael Hartmann, in the case Yau Kwong Man v. Secretary for Security, to be incompatible with the separation of powers enshrined in the Basic Law.[13]

In

Yang di-Pertuan Agong"[14] and "at the pleasure of the sultan/ruler/governor", at the state level
.

In the United States, Russia, and the Philippines, the equivalent standard for political appointments is called "at the pleasure of the president" (Russian: по усмотрению президента, romanized: po usmotreniyu prezidenta; Filipino: Sa kasiyahan ng Pangulo).[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ Victoria (29 March 1867), Constitution Act, 1867, V.59, Westminster: Queen's Printer, archived from the original on 3 February 2010, retrieved 21 January 2010
  2. ^ Victoria (1 January 1901), Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, II.62, Westminster: Queen's Printer, retrieved 21 January 2010
  3. ^ George V (1933), Children and Young Persons Act 1933, 53, Westminster: King's Printer
  4. ^ Blackstone, William (1836), Commentaries on the Laws of England: in four books; with an analysis of the work, Volume 2, 24, London: Law Booksellers & Publishers
  5. ^ Elizabeth II (2000), Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000, 90, Westminster: Queen's Printer, archived from the original on 14 December 2007, retrieved 21 January 2010
  6. ^
    Her Majesty's Courts Service. "Legal/Professional > Minimum Terms > Review of Minimum Terms set for Young Offenders detained at her Majesty's Pleasure". Queen's Printer. Archived from the original
    on 2 January 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
  7. ^ Elizabeth II (10 June 1964), Penal Code (PDF), 26, Gaborone: Government of Botswana, retrieved 21 January 2010[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Mohan, S. (22 June 2014). "The doctrine of 'pleasure' and some Governors' tenures". The Hindu. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
  9. ^ "Petition 570 of 2015 - Kenya Law".
  10. ^ "The President's Pleasure Review Board". Home Team Volunteers. Archived from the original on 17 March 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
  11. ^ "1966 - The O'Malley Archives". omalley.nelsonmandela.org.
  12. ^ Long-Term Prison Sentences Review Ordinance, Cap 524 s 4, Government of Hong Kong, 16 July 2004, retrieved 18 October 2012
  13. ^ Yau Kwong Man v. Secretary for Security [2002] HKCFI 896; HCAL1595/2001 (9 September 2002)
  14. ^ "Youth to be detained at pleasure of the Agong". The Star.
  15. ^ Sławomir Wierzbicki (2017). "The Russian Federation President and His Role in the Management of National Security System" (PDF). World Scientific News. 72.
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