Athanasius III of Constantinople

Athanasius III of Constantinople
Athanasius III of Constantinople
Church of Constantinople
In office	25 February 1634 – early April 1635; June 1652 (15 days)
Predecessor	Cyril Lucaris, Cyril III of Constantinople
Successor	Cyril Lucaris, Paisius I of Constantinople

Athanasius III of Constantinople
Athanasius III of Constantinople
	Enlightener
Born	1597; Retimon, Crete
Died	5 (15) April 1654; Mhar Monastery
Venerated in	Russian Orthodox Church
Canonized	1670s
Major shrine	relics at the Annunciation Cathedral, Kharkiv
Feast	Synaxis of Athonite Venerables: 2 (15) May
Patronage	Dubna, Kharkiv

Athanasius III Patellarios (

Patriarch Nikon

's book editing reforms in 1653.

Athanasius was canonized as an Enlightener into the Synaxis of Athonite Venerables by the

Athanasius the Great

.

Russian icon

, 17th century

Biography

Alexios was born to a noble family with roots dating back to the

Paleologos Dynasty. His father Georgios was a scientist and publisher, and his elder brother Eustaphios was a physician. For 26 years he lived in Crete in the Arkadi Monastery, which was then under Venetian rule, and received there his education. Alexios knew well philosophy, Ancient Greek, Latin, Hebrew, Arabic and Italian language

.

In 1631, Alexios was consecrated as

Patriarch of Constantinople and was enthroned

on 25 March.

After several days he was dethroned by Cyril Lucaris, who returned from prison. Athanasius then escaped to the Athos, where he built the skete (where in 1849 the Russian St. Andrew skete was founded), which kept the icon Consolation in Sorrow and Grief (В скорбех и печалех Утешение).

After his second deposition in 1635, Athanasius went to

cardinal and accept the Credo with the Filioque, but the saint declined.^{[citation needed}

]

In 1637, Athanasius was called to Constantinople. On 26 June 1638, after Lucaris was strangled by the request of

Michael I

for charity.

In 1643, he moved to

St. Catherine's Monastery in Sinai. At that time he wrote the "Hymn to the Mother of God", and an encomium

to Lupu.

Athanasius returned to Constantinople in 1652 and took the patriarchate for the third time. Again holding the throne for a short time, Athanasius in July 1652 voluntarily renounced from the patriarchate and ad infinitum left Constantinople. During his last patriarchate, he spoke out a sermon mentioning his dissociation with Catholicism. He again went to Moldavia visiting Lupu in

Iași, then to Chigirin visiting Bohdan Khmelnytsky. With the deeds of those people for the Tsar he reached Moscow on 16 April 1653, and on 22 April visited Tsar Alexey

.

There he lived at the Kirillov metochion, and made his divine service at the

Trinity Sergiev Monastery

.

At the request of

Patriarch Nikon, Athanasius wrote The Ordo of the Episcopal Liturgy in the East, which underlined the Muscovian edited Archieratikon of the Episcopal Service, which is used by the Russian Church to date.^[5] Athanasius delivered the Tsar a notebook in which he stated his main reason for his visit to Moscow; that is, to arouse the Tsar unite with Moldavia and the Cossack Hetmanate

for a future war with the Turks, after which the Tsar should become the new Roman Emperor, and the Moscow Patriarch – the new Ecumenical Patriarch.

Athanasius is known as a trader of indulgences, which he sold in large quantities in Ukraine and Russia.[6]

By December 1653, Athanasius moved to Moldavia for the Nicholas Monastery in Galați. En route, he made a visit to Bohdan Khmelnytsky. In February 1654, he stayed at the Mhar Monastery near Lubensk and died on 5 April on Thomas' Week. He was buried by the hegumen of the Transfiguration monastery, his body was in a sitting position on the throne under the ambon.

Veneration

On 1 February 1662, the saint's relics were

Paisios Ligaridis, who, visiting Lubensk Monastery

, had a vision of Athanasius during his sleep. In 1672, the Tsar requested podyachy M. Savin to investigate the wonders from the relics. In the 18th century, manuscripts of his hagiography and canon were preserved at the Lubensk Monastery.

In 1818, Methodius (Pishnyachevsky), bishop of Poltava, applied the Most Holy Synod for the canonization of Athanasius, but the application was declined. However the saint's honouring and recorded wonders from his relics continued. In the 1860s, church historian Andrey Nikolayevich Muravyov created a new hagiography of Athanasius with examples of wonders at his relics.

The history of the canonization of Athanasius is vague, but the official honouring began in the Russian Church by the end of the 19th century, although Yevgeny Golubinsky through his works proved that the honouring started between 1672 and 1676 under Joseph (Nelyubovich-Tukalsky), metropolitan of Kiev (Constantinople Orthodox Church).

In 1922, the Transfiguration cathedral, including the saint's silver throne, was plundered by the Bolsheviks. The relics were moved to Kharkiv in the 1930s. They were eventually preserved in the city's Annunciation Cathedral in 1947.

References

^ in Russian tradition also known as Enlightener Athanasius of Tsargrad (the Sitting), Wonderworker of Lubensk and Athanasius of Kharkiv
^ Peter Rietbergen, Power and Religion in Baroque Rome: Barberini Cultural Policies (Brill, 2006), p. 400.
^ "The career of Cyril Lucaris showed that there was a powerful party within the hierarchy which was prepared to accept Roman supremacy. Cyril’s opponents, the Patriarchs Gregory IV, Cyril II and Athanasius III, all declared themselves for Rome." (Steven Runciman, The Great Church in Captivity, 4. The Church and the Churches. Constantinople and Rome.)
^ See also Eugenia Kermeli, "Kyrillos Loukaris’ Legacy: Reformation as a catalyst in the 17th century Ottoman Society", in The Muslim World, Volume 107, Issue 4 (p. 737-753). "Finally Kyrillos Kontaris of Verroia educated in the Jesuit school of Constantinople and Athanasios Patelaros metropolitan of Salonica and Patriarch for a month in 1634, both signed the catholic symbol of faith." (footnote 83)
^ M. S. Zheltov. Episcopal Liturgy
^ Гидулянов, Павел Васильевич. / Загробная жизнь, как предмет спекуляции, или индульгенции в римско-католической и греко-православной церкви / П. В. Гидулянов. - М. ; Рязань : Атеист, 1930. - 176 с. / С. 163, 172

External links

Englightener Athanasius III Patellarios, Patriarch of Tsargrad on pravoslavie.ru
Englightener Athanasius, Wonderworker of Lubensk. Short hagiography on the Poltava Missionary Spiritual Seminary of the UOC

[1] Russian tradition also known as Enlightener Athanasius of Tsargrad (the Sitting), Wonderworker of Lubensk and Athanasius of Kharkiv

[2] Peter Rietbergen, Power and Religion in Baroque Rome: Barberini Cultural Policies (Brill, 2006), p. 400.

[3] "The career of Cyril Lucaris showed that there was a powerful party within the hierarchy which was prepared to accept Roman supremacy. Cyril’s opponents, the Patriarchs Gregory IV, Cyril II and Athanasius III, all declared themselves for Rome." (Steven Runciman, The Great Church in Captivity, 4. The Church and the Churches. Constantinople and Rome.)

[4] See also Eugenia Kermeli, "Kyrillos Loukaris’ Legacy: Reformation as a catalyst in the 17th century Ottoman Society", in The Muslim World, Volume 107, Issue 4 (p. 737-753). "Finally Kyrillos Kontaris of Verroia educated in the Jesuit school of Constantinople and Athanasios Patelaros metropolitan of Salonica and Patriarch for a month in 1634, both signed the catholic symbol of faith." (footnote 83)

[5] M. S. Zheltov. Episcopal Liturgy

[6] Гидулянов, Павел Васильевич. / Загробная жизнь, как предмет спекуляции, или индульгенции в римско-католической и греко-православной церкви / П. В. Гидулянов. - М. ; Рязань : Атеист, 1930. - 176 с. / С. 163, 172

[5]

v t e Bishops of Byzantium and Patriarchs of Constantinople
Bishops of Byzantium (Roman period, 38–330 AD)	Andrew Stachys Onesimus Polycarpus I Plutarch Sedecion Diogenes Eleutherius Felix Polycarpus II Athenodorus Euzois Laurence Alypius Pertinax Olympianus Marcus I Philadelphus Cyriacus I Castinus Eugenius I Titus Dometius Rufinus Probus Metrophanes Alexander
Archbishops of Constantinople (Roman period, 330–451 AD)	Alexander Paul I Eusebius Macedonius I Eudoxius Evagrius Demophilus Maximus I Gregory I Nectarius John I Chrysostom Arsacius Atticus Sisinnius I Nestorius Maximianus Proclus Flavian Anatolius
Patriarchs of Constantinople (Byzantine period, 451–1453 AD)	Anatolius Gennadius I Acacius Fravitta Euphemius Macedonius II Timothy I John II Epiphanius Anthimus I Menas Eutychius John III John IV Cyriacus II Thomas I Sergius I Pyrrhus Paul II Peter Thomas II John V Constantine I Theodore I George I Paul III Callinicus I Cyrus John VI Germanus I Anastasius Constantine II Nicetas I Paul IV Tarasius Nicephorus I Theodotus I Antony I John VII Methodius I Ignatios Photios I Stephen I Antony II Nicholas I Εuthymius I Stephen II Tryphon Theophylact Polyeuctus Βasil I Αntony III Nicholas II Sisinnius II Sergius II Eustathius Alexius Michael I Constantine III John VIII Cosmas I Eustratius Nicholas III John IX Leo Michael II Cosmas II Nicholas IV Theodotus II Neophytus I Constantine IV Luke Michael III Chariton Theodosius I Basil II Nicetas II Leontius Dositheus George II John X Michael IV^† Theodore II^† Maximus II^† Μanuel I^† Germanus II^† Methodius II^† Manuel II^† Arsenius^† Nicephorus II^† Germanus III Joseph I John XI Gregory II Athanasius I John XII Nephon I John XIII Gerasimus I Isaias John XIV Isidore I Callistus I Philotheus Macarius Nilus Antony IV Callistus II Matthew I Euthymius II Joseph II Metrophanes II Gregory III Athanasius II
Patriarchs of Constantinople (Ottoman period, 1453–1923 AD)	Gennadius II Isidore II Joasaph I Sophronius I Mark II Symeon I Dionysius I Raphael I Maximus III Nephon II Maximus IV Joachim I Pachomius I Theoleptus I Jeremias I Joannicius I Dionysius II Joasaph II Metrophanes III Jeremias II Pachomius II Theoleptus II Matthew II Gabriel I Theophanes I Meletius I Neophytus II Raphael II Cyril I Timothy II Gregory IV Anthimus II Cyril II Athanasius III Neophytus III Parthenius I Parthenius II Joannicius II Cyril III Paisius I Parthenius III Gabriel II Parthenius IV Dionysius III Clement Methodius III Dionysius IV Gerasimus II Athanasius IV James Callinicus II Neophytus IV Gabriel III Neophytus V Cyprianus Athanasius V Cyril IV Cosmas III Jeremias III (Callinicus III) Paisius II Seraphim I Neophytus VI Cyril V Callinicus IV (III) Seraphim II Joannicius III Samuel Meletius II Theodosius II Sophronius II Gabriel IV Procopius Neophytus VII Gerasimus III Gregory V Callinicus V (IV) Jeremias IV Cyril VI Eugenius II Anthimus III Chrysanthus Agathangelus Constantius I Constantius II Gregory VI Anthimus IV Anthimus V Germanus IV Meletius III Anthimus VI Cyril VII Joachim II Sophronius III Joachim III Joachim IV Dionysius V Neophytus VIII Anthimus VII Constantine V Germanus V Meletius IV
Patriarchs of Constantinople (Turkish period, since 1923 AD)	Gregory VII Constantine VI Basil III Photius II Benjamin Maximus V Athenagoras Demetrius Bartholomew
^† in exile at Nicaea Christianity portal

Biography

Veneration

References

Further reading

External links