Atheriniformes

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"Silverside (fish)" redirects here. Not to be confused with Silverside shiner.

Silversides
Boeseman's rainbowfish, Melanotaenia boesemani, red variety
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
(unranked): Atherinomorpha
Order: Atheriniformes
D. E. Rosen, 1966
Type species
Atherina hepsetus
Linnaeus, 1758[2]
Suborders[1]

The Atheriniformes, also known as the silversides, are an

Old World silversides and several less-familiar families, including the unusual Phallostethidae. The order includes at least 354 species. They are found worldwide in tropical and temperate marine and freshwater environments.[3]

Description

Atheriniformes are generally elongated and silvery in colour, although exceptions do exist. They are typically small fish, with the largest being the Argentinian silverside, with a head-body length of 50 cm (20 in),[4] and the smallest species, such as the Bangkok minnow, being only 2 cm (0.79 in) in adult length.[3]

Members of the order usually have two

melanophores occurs along the back, and the fin rays do not become evident until some time after hatching.[5] They scatter their eggs widely, with most species attaching them to aquatic plants.[3]

Taxonomy

Classification of the Atheriniformes is uncertain, with the best evidence for monophyly in the larval characteristics mentioned below.[5] Their closest relatives are thought to be the Cyprinodontiformes.[3]

Nelson 2016 recognizes the infraseries Atherinomorpha, part of the sub series

Mugiliformes.[1]

Following Nelson (2006), the family

Melanotaeniidae includes the subfamilies Bedotiinae, Melanotaeniinae, Pseudomugilinae, and Telmatherininae, to demonstrate their monophyly.[5] However, in a 2004 study, a different classification scheme classifies the families Bedotiidae, Melanotaeniidae, and Pseudomugilidae (also include Telmatherinine genera) in a suborder Melanotaenioidei.[6]
Thus, the number of families in Atheriniformes varies from author to author.

Nelson 2016 classifies the families as follows:[1]

  • Order Atheriniformes
    • Suborder Atherinopsoidei
      • Family
        Atherinopsidae
        (New World silversides)
      • Family
        Notocheiridae
        (Surf silversides)
    • Suborder Atherinoidei
      • Family
        Isonidae
        (Surf sardines)
      • Family
        Melanotaeniidae
        (Rainbowfishes and blue eyes)
      • Family Atherionidae (Pricklenose silversides)
      • Family
        Dentatherinidae
        (Mercer's tusked silverside)
      • Family Phallostethidae (Priapiumfishes)
      • Family
        Atherinidae
        (Old World silversides)

Timeline of genera

QuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneHolocenePleist.Plio.MioceneOligoceneEocenePaleoceneLeuresthesMenidiaColpichthysChirostomaAtherinopsisStenatherinaPranesusPalaeoatherinaAtherinaQuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneHolocenePleist.Plio.MioceneOligoceneEocenePaleocene

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the original
    on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2019-06-18.
  2. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Atherina". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  3. ^
    ISBN 0-12-547665-5
    .
  4. ^ "Odontesthes bonariensis, Argentinian silverside : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish". www.fishbase.de. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
  5. ^
    ISBN 0-471-25031-7
    .
  6. PMID 15522799
    . Retrieved 2009-06-22.
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