Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport
Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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AMSL 1,026 ft / 313 m | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Coordinates | 33°38′12″N 84°25′41″W / 33.63667°N 84.42806°W | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Website | www | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Statistics (2023) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Source: Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport[3] |
Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport (IATA: ATL, ICAO: KATL, FAA LID: ATL), also known as Atlanta Hartsfield–Jackson International Airport, Hartsfield–Jackson International Airport, Atlanta Airport, Hartsfield–Jackson, and formerly as the Atlanta Municipal Airport, is the primary international airport serving Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The airport is located 10 mi (16 km) south of the Downtown Atlanta district. It is named after former Atlanta mayors William B. Hartsfield and Maynard Jackson.[4][5] ATL covers 4,700 acres (19 km2) of land and has five parallel runways which are aligned in an east-west direction. There are three runways that are 9,000 feet long, one runway that is 10,000 feet long, and the longest runway at ATL measures 12,390 feet long, which can handle the Airbus A380.[6][5][7] Since 1998, Hartsfield-Jackson has been the world's busiest airport by passenger traffic. In 2023, the airport served over 104.6 million passengers, the most of any airport in the world.[8]
Hartsfield–Jackson is the primary
The airport is mostly in
History
Candler Field/Atlanta Municipal Airport (1925–1961)
Hartsfield–Jackson began with a five-year, rent-free lease on 287 acres (116 ha) that was an abandoned auto racetrack named The Atlanta Speedway. The lease was signed on April 16, 1925, by Mayor Walter Sims, who committed the city to develop it into an airfield. As part of the agreement, the property was renamed Candler Field after its former owner, Coca-Cola tycoon and former Atlanta mayor Asa Candler.[18] The first flight into Candler Field was September 15, 1926, a Florida Airways mail plane flying from Jacksonville, Florida. In May 1928, Pitcairn Aviation began service to Atlanta, followed in June 1930 by Delta Air Service. Those two airlines, later known as Eastern Air Lines and Delta Air Lines, respectively, would both use Atlanta as their chief hubs.[19] The airport's weather station became the official location for Atlanta's weather observations on September 1, 1928, and records by the National Weather Service.[20]
Atlanta was a busy airport from its inception, and by the end of 1930, it was third behind New York City and Chicago for regular daily flights with sixteen arriving and departing.
In October 1940, the U.S. government declared it a
In 1942, Candler Field was renamed Atlanta Municipal Airport and by 1948, more than one million passengers passed through a war surplus hangar that served as a terminal building.[24] Delta and Eastern had extensive networks from ATL, though Atlanta had no nonstop flights beyond Texas, St. Louis, and Chicago until 1961. Southern Airways appeared at ATL after the war and had short-haul routes around the Southeast until 1979.
In 1957, Atlanta saw its first jet airliner: a prototype Sud Aviation Caravelle that was touring the country arrived from Washington, D.C.[25] The first scheduled turbine airliners were Capital Viscounts in June 1956; the first scheduled jets were Delta DC-8s in September 1959. The first trans-Atlantic flight was a Delta/Pan Am interchange DC-8 to Europe via Washington starting in 1964; the first scheduled international nonstops were Eastern flights to Mexico City and Jamaica in 1971–72. Nonstops to Europe started in 1978 and to Asia in 1992–93.
Atlanta claimed to be the country's busiest airport, with more than two million passengers passing through in 1957 and, between noon and 2 p.m. each day, it became the world's busiest airport.[22] (The April 1957 OAG shows 165 weekday departures from Atlanta, including 45 between 12:05 and 2:00 PM and 20 between 2:25 and 4:25 AM.) Chicago Midway had 414-weekday departures, including 48 between 12:00 and 2:00 PM. In 1957, Atlanta was the country's ninth-busiest airline airport by flight count and about the same by passenger count.[26]
Original Jet Terminal (1961–1980)
In late 1957, work began on a new $21 million terminal, which opened on May 3, 1961. Consisting of six pier concourses radiating from a central building,[27] the terminal was the largest in the country and could handle over six million travelers a year; the first year, nine and a half million people passed through.[28] In March 1962, the longest runway (9/27, now 8R) was 7,860 feet (2,400 m); runway 3 was 5,505 feet (1,678 m) and runway 15 was 7,220 feet (2,200 m) long.
In 1971, the airport was named William B. Hartsfield Atlanta Airport in honor of Atlanta mayor William B. Hartsfield after his death. The name change took effect on February 28, which would have been Hartsfield's 81st birthday. The new name would be relatively brief, as it would be changed later in 1971 to William B. Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport with the growth of flights to and from Atlanta outside North America.[4]
Midfield Terminal (1980–present)
To address the significant increase in air traffic that outstripped the capacity of the 1961 terminal, and after years of planning and design, construction began on the present midfield terminal complex in January 1977 under the administration of Mayor
In 1999, Hartsfield–Jackson's leadership established the Development Program: "Focus On the Future," involving multiple construction projects to prepare the airport to handle a projected demand of 121 million passengers in 2015. The program was originally budgeted at $5.4 billion over ten years, but the total was revised as of 2007 to over $9 billion.[31]
In May 2001, construction of an over 9,000-foot (2,700 m) fifth runway (10–28) began. It was completed at the cost of $1.28 billion and opened on May 27, 2006.
Along with the fifth runway, a new
On October 20, 2003, the Atlanta City Council voted to rename Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport to honor former mayor Maynard Jackson, who died June 23, 2003. The council planned to drop Hartsfield's name from the airport, but public outcry (occurring coincidentally during a debate over the state's flag) prevented this.[37][38]
In April 2007, an "end-around taxiway" opened, Taxiway Victor. It is expected to save an estimated $26 million to $30 million in fuel each year by allowing airplanes landing on the northernmost runway to taxi to the gate area without preventing other aircraft from taking off. The taxiway drops about 30 feet (9.1 m) from runway elevation to allow takeoffs to continue.[39]
After the Southeastern U.S. drought of 2007, the airport (the state's eighth-largest water user) changed to reduce water usage. This included adjusting toilets (725 commodes and 338 urinals) and 601 sinks. (The two terminals alone use 917,000 US gal (3,470,000 L; 764,000 imp gal) a day.) It also stopped using firetrucks to spray water over aircraft when the pilot made the last landing before retirement (a water salute).[40][41] The city of Macon offered to sell water to the airport through a proposed pipeline.[42]
The airport today employs about 55,300 airline, ground transportation, concessionaire, security, the federal government, the City of Atlanta, and airport tenant employees and is the largest employment center in Georgia. With a payroll of $2.4 billion, the airport has a direct and indirect economic impact of $3.2 billion on the local and regional economy and an annual regional economic impact of more than $19.8 billion.[43]
In December 2015, the airport became the first airport in the world to serve 100 million passengers in a year.[44]
Historical airline service
Eastern was a larger airline than Delta until deregulation in 1978, but Delta was early to adopt the
From the 1980s until Eastern's demise in 1991, Delta occupied Concourse A and part of Concourse B, Eastern occupied the remainder of Concourse B and Concourse C, other domestic airlines used Concourse D, and Concourse T was used by international flights.[48][49] By the mid-1990s, Delta's hub grew to occupy all of Concourse B and the southern half of Concourse T, and international flights moved to the new Concourse E.[50]
In December 1994, Korean Air became the first Asian carrier to serve the airport.[51]
In recent years the airport has had an increase in non-Delta flights, both due to the rapid population growth of
Since 2015 the airport has seen growth from low cost carriers such as Frontier Airlines and Spirit Airlines. Frontier started their first international routes out of the airport with service to Cancun, Montego Bay, and Punta Cana. The airline added new international routes in 2022, serving Nassau, Bahamas; San Salvador, El Salvador; Kingston, Jamaica; and San Jose and Liberia in Costa Rica. Spirit also established Atlanta as a focus city.
In addition to the growth of the low cost carriers, International carriers have increasingly offered service to Atlanta since 2014 as well as new destination. On May 21, 2014
Facilities
Terminals
Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport has two terminals and seven concourses with a total of 192 gates.[5] The Domestic Terminal is located on the west side of the airport and the Maynard H. Jackson Jr. International Terminal is on the east side of the airport.[53] The terminals and concourses are connected by the Transportation Mall, a pedestrian tunnel with a series of moving walkways and The Plane Train, an automated people mover.[54] All international arrivals are processed in Concourses E and F; Concourse F is the only concourse in the airport that has a gate that can support an Airbus A380, the largest passenger aircraft in the world. All non-Delta international carriers operate their ATL flights from this terminal, including Delta's partners such as Air France, Aeromexico, KLM, Korean Air, and Virgin Atlantic.[55][56][failed verification]
- Concourse T contains 21 gates.[53]
- Concourse A contains 29 gates.[53]
- Concourse B contains 32 gates.[53]
- Concourse C contains 34 gates.[53]
- Concourse D contains 40 gates.[53]
- Concourse E contains 28 gates.[53]
- Concourse F contains 12 gates.[53]
Ground transportation
The domestic terminal can be accessed directly from Interstate 85 at exit 72. The international terminal is accessed directly from Interstate 75 at exit 239. These freeways in turn connect with the following additional freeways within 10 miles: Interstate 285, Interstate 675, Georgia State Route 166, Interstate 20.
Hartsfield–Jackson has its own
Several local shared-ride shuttle services are readily available at Atlanta Airport, offering diverse options for travelers seeking convenient transportation.[58]
The Hartsfield–Jackson Rental Car Center, which opened December 8, 2009, houses all ten airport rental agencies with capacity for additional companies. The complex features 9,900 parking spaces split between two four-story parking decks that together cover 2.8 million square feet (260,000 m2), a 137,000-square-foot (12,700 m2) customer service center, and a maintenance center featuring 140 gas pumps and 30 wash bays equipped with a water recovery system. An
Other facilities
The 990 Toffie Terrace hangar, a part of Hartsfield–Jackson Airport[61] and located within the City of College Park corporate limits, is owned by the City of Atlanta.[16] The building now houses the Atlanta Police Department Helicopter Unit.[62][63] It once served as the headquarters of the regional airline ExpressJet.[64]
Before the merger,
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
Cargo
Airlines | Destinations |
---|---|
AeroLogic | Frankfurt |
Amazon Air | Baltimore, Ontario |
Toronto-Pearson
| |
Dallas/Fort Worth, Seoul–Incheon
| |
ASL Airlines Belgium | Liège |
Atlas Air[111] | Amsterdam, Anchorage, Birmingham (AL), Detroit, Harrisburg, Houston–Intercontinental, Indianapolis, Liège |
CAL Cargo Air Lines | Liège, Tel Aviv |
Cargolux | Chicago–O'Hare, Huntsville, Luxembourg, Los Angeles, New York–JFK, Seattle/Tacoma |
Dallas/Fort Worth, Hong Kong
| |
Dallas/Fort Worth, Miami, Taipei–Taoyuan
| |
China Cargo Airlines | Anchorage, Chicago–O'Hare, Shanghai–Pudong |
EVA Air Cargo | Anchorage, Osaka–Kansai, Taipei–Taoyuan |
Lufthansa Cargo | Frankfurt[113] |
MSC Air Cargo | Indianapolis (ends March 30, 2024)[114] |
Qatar Airways Cargo | Anchorage, Doha, Houston–Intercontinental, Liège, Luxembourg, Mexico City–AIFA |
Turkish Cargo | Istanbul, Shannon |
Statistics
Top destinations
Rank | Airport | Passengers | Airlines |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Orlando, Florida | 1,468,000 | Delta, Frontier, Southwest, Spirit |
2 | Fort Lauderdale, Florida | 1,291,000 | Delta, JetBlue, Southwest, Spirit |
3 | New York–LaGuardia, New York | 1,150,000 | American, Delta, Frontier, Southwest |
4 | Miami, Florida | 1,045,000 | American, Delta, Frontier, Southwest, Spirit |
5 | Tampa, Florida | 1,038,000 | Delta, Frontier, Southwest, Spirit |
6 | Los Angeles, California | 998,000 | American, Delta, Frontier, Southwest, Spirit |
7 | Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas | 946,000 | American, Delta, Spirit |
8 | Baltimore, Maryland | 936,000 | Delta, Frontier, Southwest, Spirit |
9 | Denver, Colorado | 933,000 | Delta, Frontier, Southwest, United |
10 | Detroit, Michigan | 872,000 | Delta, Frontier, Spirit |
Rank | Airport | Scheduled passengers | Carriers |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Cancún, Mexico | 759,993 | Delta, Frontier |
2 | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 739,960 | Delta, KLM |
3 | Paris–Charles de Gaulle, France | 721,925 | Air France, Delta |
4 | London–Heathrow, United Kingdom | 486,692 | British Airways, Delta, Virgin Atlantic |
5 | Mexico City, Mexico | 419,724 | Delta |
6 | Toronto–Pearson, Canada | 406,258 | Air Canada, Delta |
7 | Montego Bay, Jamaica | 389,383 | Delta, Frontier |
8 | Punta Cana, Dominican Republic | 292,369 | Delta, Frontier |
9 | Seoul–Incheon, South Korea | 291,460 | Delta, Korean |
10 | Rome-Fiumicino, Italy
|
253,570 | Delta |
11 | Nassau, Bahamas | 238,026 | Delta |
12 | Frankfurt, Germany | 222,803 | Delta, Lufthansa |
13 | Doha, Qatar | 186,002 | Qatar Airways |
14 | Montréal—Trudeau, Canada | 183,322 | Air Canada, Delta |
15 | São Paulo-Guarulhos, Brazil | 176,818 | Delta |
16 | Panama City–Tocumen, Panama | 163,811 | Copa, Delta |
17 | Istanbul, Turkey | 142,875 | Turkish |
18 | San José del Cabo, Mexico | 141,248 | Delta |
19 | Lima, Peru | 134,982 | Delta |
20 | San José, Costa Rica | 131,439 | Delta, Frontier |
Rank | Airline | Passengers | Share |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Delta Air Lines | 64,856,000 | 72.45% |
2 | Southwest Airlines | 8,067,000 | 9.01% |
3 | Spirit Airlines | 4,001,000 | 4.47% |
4 | Frontier Airlines | 3,248,000 | 3.63% |
5 | Endeavor Air (operating as Delta Connection) | 2,455,000 | 2.74% |
Annual traffic
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Passengers | Change from previous year | Aircraft operations | Cargo tonnage[117] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 78,092,940 | 2.77% | N/A | 935,892 |
2001 | 80,162,407 | 2.65% | 915,454 | 865,991 |
2002 | 75,858,500 | 5.37% | 890,494 | 735,796 |
2003 | 76,876,128 | 1.34% | 889,966 | 734,083 |
2004 | 79,087,928 | 2.88% | 911,727 | 802,248 |
2005 | 83,606,583 | 5.71% | 964,858 | 862,230 |
2006 | 85,907,423 | 2.75% | 980,386 | 767,897 |
2007 | 84,846,639 | 1.23% | 976,447 | 746,502 |
2008 | 89,379,287 | 5.34% | 994,346 | 720,209 |
2009 | 90,039,280 | 0.74% | 978,824 | 655,277 |
2010 | 88,001,381 | 2.23% | 970,235 | 563,139 |
2011 | 92,389,023 | 3.53% | 923,996 | 659,129 |
2012 | 94,956,643 | 3.10% | 952,767 | 684,576 |
2013 | 94,431,224 | 1.13% | 911,074 | 616,365 |
2014 | 96,178,899 | 1.85% | 868,359 | 601,270 |
2015 | 101,491,106 | 5.52% | 882,497 | 626,201 |
2016 | 104,258,124 | 2.73% | 898,356 | 648,595 |
2017 | 103,902,992 | 0.26% | 879,560 | 685,338 |
2018 | 107,394,029 | 3.33% | 895,682 | 693,790 |
2019 | 110,531,300 | 2.92% | 904,301 | 639,276 |
2020 | 42,918,685 | 61.17% | 548,016 | 599,179 |
2021 | 75,704,760 | 76.00% | 707,661 | 734,771 |
2022 | 93,699,630 | 23.77% | 724,145 | 688,614 |
2023 | 104,653,451 | 11.69% | 775,818 | 579,331 |
Source: Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport[13][118] |
On-time performance (domestic major U.S. carriers only)
Year | Percent of on
time departures |
Percent of on
time arrivals |
Average departure
delay (min) |
Average arrival
delay (min) |
Percent of
cancelled flights |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2019 | 82% | 85% | 59.43 | 69.23 | 0.61% |
2020 | 87% | 87% | 56.49 | 69.05 | 4.69% |
2021 | 85% | 88% | 55.02 | 67.94 | 0.67% |
2022 | 79% | 82% | 59.10 | 71.70 | 1.57% |
2023 | 78% | 82% | 60.73 | 75.74 | 0.82% |
Accidents and incidents
- On May 23, 1960, Delta Air Lines Flight 1903, a Convair CV-880-22-1 (N8804E), crashed on takeoff resulting in the loss of all four crew members. This flight was a training flight for two Delta captains who were being type-rated on the 880.[119]
- On February 25, 1969, Eastern Air Lines Flight 955 was hijacked by one passenger shortly after takeoff from ATL en route to Miami. The man pulled a .22 caliber pistol and demanded to be flown to Cuba. He got off the plane in Cuba while the DC-8 was allowed to fly back to the U.S.[120]
- On April 4, 1977, Southern Airways Flight 242 was on descent to the airport when hail was ingested into the engines, leading them to fail. Pilot errors and difficult weather forced the pilots to attempt an emergency landing on a highway. Upon touchdown, the aircraft struck several buildings and cars, killing 72 people.
- On January 18, 1990, Eastern Air Lines Flight 111, a Boeing 727, overran a Beechcraft King Air operated by Epps Air Service, based at another Atlanta airport. The King Air had landed and was taxiing when the 727, still at high speed in its landing roll, collided with the aircraft. The larger plane's wing impacted the roof of the smaller. The pilot of the King Air, an Epps charter pilot, was killed, while a passenger survived. No crew or passengers on the Eastern plane were injured.[121]
- On November 1, 1998, AirTran Airways Flight 867, a Boeing 737, lost control and skidded off of the runway while landing, with main landing gear in a drainage ditch and its empennage extending over the taxiway. The nose gear was folded back into the electrical/electronic compartment and turned 90 degrees from its normal, extended position. The cause was an improperly repaired hydraulic line leak that caused the flight crew to lose control of the airplane.[122]
See also
- Atlanta's second airport
- Candler Field Museum
- Flight Path, a book about the airport
- Georgia World War II Army Airfields
- List of busiest airports by aircraft movements
- List of busiest airports by cargo traffic
- List of busiest airports by international passenger traffic
- List of busiest airports by passenger traffic
- List of the busiest airports in the United States
- World's busiest airport
- List of tallest air traffic control towers in the United States
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External links
- Official website
- Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport Official YouTube
- Atlanta Journal-Constitution Archived June 8, 2003, at the Wayback Machine
- hartsfield-jackson atlanta international airport: All you need to know
- Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport 1961–1980
- Historic photos of Atlanta Airport – Over 100 pages of historic ATL photos including dozens of vintage photos from the LIFE archive.
- Atlanta Airport Time Machine – ATL Airport historian David Henderson's Google Maps mashup featuring historical locations and associated photography.
- Atlanta Airport TSA Security Wait Times at iFly.com
- Atlanta airport travel data at Airportsdata.net
- Atlanta Airport Parking Guide
- Airport webcams, flight timetables & pilot data
- FAA Airport Diagram (PDF), effective March 21, 2024
- Atlanta Airport Terminal Map - ATL Airport concourses, gates, restaurants, shops, lounges, and other key features
- Resources for this airport:
- AirNav airport information for KATL
- ASN accident history for ATL
- FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker
- NOAA/NWS weather observations: current, past three days
- SkyVector aeronautical chart for KATL
- FAA current ATL delay information
- Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport aviation weather (in Spanish, English, French, Chinese, and Hindi)