Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross
| Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Procellariiformes |
| Family: | Diomedeidae |
| Genus: | Thalassarche |
| Species: | T. chlororhynchos
|
| Binomial name | |
| Thalassarche chlororhynchos (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
| |
| |
| Synonyms | |
|
Thalassarche chlororhynchos chlororhynchos | |
The Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross (Thalassarche chlororhynchos) is a large
Diomedeidae
.
This small
SACC, which recognizes that a proposal is needed.[3]
Taxonomy
The Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross was
monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.[7]
Description
The Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross averages 81 cm (32 in) in length. It is a typical black and white mollymawk with a grey head and large
primaries show a narrow black margin. The juvenile is similar to the adult but with a white head and black bill.[9] It can be differentiated from the Indian yellow-nosed by its darker head. Relative to other mollymawks it can be distinguished by its smaller size (the wings being particularly narrow) and the thin black edging to the underwing, The grey-headed albatross has a similar grey head but more extensive and less well defined black markings around the edge of the underwing. Salvin's albatross
also has a grey head but has much broader wings, a pale bill and even narrower black borders to the underwing.
Distribution
Atlantic yellow-nosed albatrosses nest on
Atlantic, including Tristan da Cunha (Inaccessible Island, Middle Island, Nightingale Island, Stoltenhoff Island) and Gough Island. At sea they range across the south Atlantic from South America to Africa between 15°S and 45°S.[9]
Behaviour
Feeding
This mollymawk feeds on
crustacea
. The yellow-nosed Albatross sometimes hunts at night instead of day.
Breeding
Like all albatrosses they are
colonial, but unusually they will build their nests in scrubs, on top of cliffs amongst Blechnum tree ferns. Like all mollymawks they build pedestal nests of mud, peat, feathers, and vegetation to lay their one egg in. They do this in September or early October, and the chick fledges in late March to April. They breed annually.[9]
Conservation
| Location | Population | Date | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gough Island | 5,300 pairs | 2001 | Stable |
| Tristan da Cunha Island | 16,000 - 30,000 pairs | 1974 | Stable |
| Nightingale Island | 4,500 pairs | 1974 | Declining |
| Middle Island | 100 - 200 pairs | 1974 | |
| Stoltenhoff Island | 500 pairs | 1974 | |
| Inaccessible Island | 1,100 pairs | 1983 | Declining |
| Total | 55,000-83,200 | 2001 | Declining |
The
endangered,[1] with an occurrence range of 16,800,000 km2 (6,500,000 sq mi) and a breeding range of 80 km2 (31 sq mi). A 2001 population estimate breaks down the population and shows some trends. Gough Island has 5,300 breeding pairs,[10] between 16,000 and 30,000 breeding pairs on Tristan da Cunha Island, 4,500 on Nightingale Island, between 100 and 200 pairs on Middle Island, and 500 pairs on Stoltenhoff Island,[11] and 1,100 on Inaccessible Island.[12] This adds up to between 27,500 and 41,600 pairs per year for the total between 55,000 and 83,200 total adult birds. This population estimate was done in 1983, however and is outdated. Trends suggest a 50% decrease over 72 years.[9]
The largest threat is from longline fishing, as harvesting of chicks and adults has been outlawed.
Efforts to help conserve this bird are underway, with counting of the birds on Gough Island. Also, Gough Island and Inaccessible Island are nature preserves, and Gough Island is a World Heritage Site. The Tristan da Cunha population is being remotely tracked and counted, and the South East Atlantic Fisheries Commission has passed a resolution that all fishing vessels use a tori line and drop lines at night.[9]
References
- ^ . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ^ Clements, J. (2007)
- ^ Remsen Jr., J. V. (2008)
- ^ Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1789). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 2 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 568.
- ^ Latham, John (1785). A General Synopsis of Birds. Vol. 3, Part 1. London: Printed for Leigh and Sotheby. p. 309, No. 3; Plate 94.
- ISBN 978-0-9568611-1-5.
- ^ Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2022). "Petrels, albatrosses". IOC World Bird List Version 12.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
- ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ a b c d e f BirdLife International (2008)
- ^ Cuthbert, R. & Sommer, E. S. (2004)
- ^ Richardson, M. E. (1984)
- ^ Fraser, M. W. et al. (1984)
Sources
- BirdLife International (2008). "Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatross Thalassarche chlororhynchos - BirdLife Species Factsheet". Data Zone. Retrieved 18 Feb 2009.
- Brooke, M. (2004). "Procellariidae". Albatrosses And Petrels Across The World. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850125-0.
- Clements, James (2007). The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World (6th ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-4501-9.
- Cuthbert, R.; Sommer, E. S. (March 2004). "Population size and trends of four globally threatened seabirds at Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean". Ornithol: 97–103.
- Double, M. C. (2003). "Procellariiformes (Tubenosed Seabirds)". In Hutchins, Michael; Jackson, Jerome A.; Bock, Walter J.; Olendorf, Donna (eds.). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. 8. Vol. Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins. Joseph E. Trumpey, Chief Scientific Illustrator (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. pp. 107–111. ISBN 0-7876-5784-0.
- Remsen Jr., J. V.; et al. (7 Aug 2008). "A classification of the bird species of South America, South American Classification Committee, American Ornithologists' Union". South American Classification Committee. American Ornithologists' Union. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009. Retrieved 18 Feb 2009.
- Fraser, M. W.; Ryan, P. G.; Watkins, B. P. (1988). "The seabirds of Inaccessible Island, South Atlantic Ocean". Cormorant (16): 7–33.
- Richardson, M. E. (1984). "Aspects of the ornithology of the Tristan da Cunha group and Gough Island, 1972-1974". Cormorant (12): 123–201.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thalassarche chlororhynchos.
Wikispecies has information related to Thalassarche chlororhynchos.
- Species factsheet - BirdLife International
- Photos and fact file - ARKive
- Yellownosed Albatross - Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds.