Auckland Airport
Auckland Airport Taunga Rererangi o Tāmaki-Makaurau (Māori) | |||||||||||||||
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Summary | |||||||||||||||
Airport type | Public | ||||||||||||||
Owner/Operator | Auckland International Airport Limited | ||||||||||||||
Serves | Auckland | ||||||||||||||
Location | |||||||||||||||
Opened | 29 January 1966 | ||||||||||||||
AMSL | 7 m / 23 ft | ||||||||||||||
Coordinates | 37°00′29″S 174°47′30″E / 37.00806°S 174.79167°E | ||||||||||||||
Website | aucklandairport | ||||||||||||||
Maps | |||||||||||||||
Runways | |||||||||||||||
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Statistics (2023/2024) | |||||||||||||||
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Source: WAD[4] |
Auckland Airport (Māori: Taunga Rererangi o Tāmaki-Makaurau)[5] (IATA: AKL, ICAO: NZAA) is the largest and busiest airport in New Zealand, with over 16 million passengers served in the year ended August 2023.[6] The airport is located near Māngere, a residential suburb, and Airport Oaks, a service-hub suburb 21 kilometres (13 mi) south of the Auckland city centre. It serves as the domestic and international hub for Air New Zealand, and the New Zealand hub of Jetstar.
The airport is one of New Zealand's most important infrastructure assets, providing thousands of jobs for the region. It handled 71 per cent of the country's international air passenger arrivals and departures in 2000.
The airport has a single 3,535 m (11,598 ft) runway, 05R/23L, which is
Currently there are two terminals: International and Domestic. In 2023 the airport announced plans for all jet flights to use a single, expanded terminal, with turboprop flights continuing to use the existing domestic terminal.[10]
History
Overview
The site of the airport was first used as an airfield by the Auckland Aero Club. In 1928, the club leased some land from a dairy farmer to accommodate the club's three
From 1948, the RNZAF Base Auckland at Whenuapai served as the civilian airport for Auckland.[11] This was chosen, despite the hills adjacent to Whenuapai limiting the ability of newer aircraft to use the facilities, to the lack of cost to the Auckland City Council, as the site was already established as an RNZAF base.[11] A September 1948 report by Sir Frederick Tymms recommended that Whenuapai Airport be replaced with a larger purpose-built airport located in either Māngere or Pakuranga.[11] In 1958, the New Zealand Government commissioned Leigh Fisher Associates to survey and design the international airport at Māngere.[11]
In 1960 work started to transform the site into Auckland's main airport. Much of the runway is on land reclaimed from the Manukau Harbour.[12] The first flight to leave was an Air New Zealand DC-8 in November 1965, bound for Sydney.[13] The airport was officially opened the following year, with a 'grand air pageant' on Auckland Anniversary weekend, 29 to 31 January 1966.[14]
Upon the airport's opening, the runway was 2,591 metres (8,500 ft) long. The runway was extended westward to 3,292 metres (10,800 ft) in 1973.[15][12][16]
Qantas commenced the first scheduled Boeing 747 service out of Auckland on Friday 8 December 1972.[17]
A new international terminal, named after Jean Batten, was built in 1977.[18] Prior to this, all flights used what is now the domestic terminal.[19] In 2005, the international terminal was altered, separating arriving and departing passengers.
Expansion
Previously taxiway 'Alpha' (parallel to the main runway) had been modified and designated as Runway 23R/05L so that rehabilitation work could be completed on the main runway 23L/05R. After the work was completed, the temporary runway reverted to taxiway alpha, although the main runway retained its L/R designations. In 2007, construction began on a second runway to the north of the current one. Initially the new runway would have been 1,200-metre (3,900 ft) long and catered for regional flights operated by Air New Zealand using
Construction for Stage One started in November 2007. Stage Two saw the runway being lengthened to 1,650 metres (5,410 ft), which enabled domestic jet flights to use it. Stage Three (final stage) bought the lengthening of the runway to 2,150 metres (7,050 ft), allowing medium-sized international jet flights to land there, from destinations such as the Pacific Islands or Australia. Eventually a new domestic terminal would also be built to the north to better utilise the new runway. The new runway will thus free up the longer southern runway to handle more heavy jet operations.[21] The ten-year project would cost NZ$120 million, not including substantial extensions planned for the airport arrivals/departure buildings and associated structures.[8]
In 2009, an extension to the international terminal was constructed, creating Pier B. Pier B covers 5,500 square metres (59,000 sq ft) and has been designed to allow for the addition of new gates when required.[22] It currently has two gates, both capable of handling Airbus A380 aircraft.[23] In May 2009, Emirates became the first airline to fly the A380 to Auckland, using the aircraft on its daily Dubai–Sydney–Auckland route.
On 2 October 2012 Emirates began operating the Dubai–Melbourne–Auckland with an A380, having previously operated the route with a B777-300ER.[24] From 2 October 2013, the A380 took over from a B777-300ER on the Dubai–Brisbane–Auckland route[25] This meant that Emirates would serve Auckland solely with A380s, and Auckland Airport for a period of time was the only airport in the world, other than Dubai, to have four scheduled Emirates A380s on the ground at the same time.[26] In 2014, Singapore Airlines was the second airline to operate A380s at the airport.
In 2013, the domestic terminal undertook a series of upgrades costing a total of $30 million. Stage one ran from January 2013 to March 2013, and involved changes to the drop off points and roads outside the terminal.
In early 2014, the airport released their 30-year vision for the future, which envisaged the airport to combine both the international and domestic operations into one combined building based around the existing international terminal. This will see new domestic piers built to the south of the existing international precinct within the next 5 years. The plan also allows for the extension of the current international piers and also the creation of new piers for international operations. A new 2,150 metres long northern runway will be able to cater for aircraft up to the size of the 777 and 787 jets. New public transport links including a new railway station and line may be built in the future. The plan has been split into four implementation phases. Phase 1 will see all operations combined into one terminal precinct as well as improved road network surrounding the terminal within the next five years. Phase 2 sees the new northern runway constructed as well as the extension of the terminal forecourt by 2025. Phase 3 involves the extension of both international and domestic piers by 2044. Phase 4 sees the northern runway extended to a length of around 3,000 metres (9,800 ft).[28]
The 2015 Annual Report stated that Pier B would be extended.[29] The extension was completed in 2018, with two new gates (17 and 18) being built. These gates can handle two widebody aircraft or four narrowbody aircraft.[30]
In March 2023 the airport announced plans to replace the existing domestic terminal. The project is estimated to cost $3.9 billion. The plan is controversial, with airlines expressing concerns at the cost and the resulting increases in landing charges.[31]
Terminals
Auckland Airport consists of two terminals; the International Terminal and the Domestic Terminal. The two terminals are located approximately 500m apart and are connected by a free shuttle bus service and a signposted walkway. The airport has 65 gates in total, 23 with
International terminal
Check-in counters occupy the eastern end of the ground floor of the International Terminal.
- Gates 1–10 are located in Pier A; Gates 1–9 are single-airbridge gates and Gate 10 is a twin-airbridge gate suitable for an A380 aircraft, but not two narrow body aircraft.
- Gates 15 to 18 are located in Pier B, and are all twin airbridges gates, each capable of handling an A380 aircraft with simultaneous double-deck boarding, or two narrow body aircraft each in the A320 or B737 class.
- Gates 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 16A, 16B, 16C and 16D are bus gates used when passengers need to be transported to aircraft parked at remote stands.
- Gates 4A and 4B are located on the eastern side of Pier A, and 4C and 4D are located on the western side of Pier A. They are accessed from the lounge for gates 2 & 4.
- Gate 4E is used for groups requiring special handling such as sporting teams.
- Stand 19 is a remote stand located west of Pier B. In December 2015, the airport opened a new bus lounge in Pier B (gates 16A and 16B) for bussing to stands on the western apron, particularly stands 19 and 74–81.
- Stands 70–73 and 82–84 are remote stands located to the east of Pier A. If boarding of aircraft is necessary at these stands, passengers are bussed from gate 4A or 4B. Stands 70–73 were also used by Jetstar regional flights from 2016 to 2019 and passengers were bussed from the domestic bus lounge (gate 62 and 63).
- Stands 74–81 are remote stands located to the west of Pier A. If boarding of aircraft is necessary at these stands, passengers are bussed from gate 4C or 4D, or 16A or 16B.
Passenger separation
In 1993, the
To physically separate arriving and departing passengers, Auckland Airport decided to build a new departure level on top of the existing one, with the existing floor becoming the arrivals level. The existing departure lounges were kept by installing glass walls to separate the waiting areas from the newly designed arrivals corridor, and escalators were installed to transport passengers from the new departures level down to each departure lounge. The modifications to the terminal were completed in December 2005,[33] and also involved the expansion of retail space within the pier by 600 square metres and an increase in the number of bus gates to four.[34]
Domestic terminal
The two previously separate domestic terminal buildings have now been connected by a common retail area. The Jetstar check-in area is located in the western end of the terminal, in the building previously used by
Gates 51–59 are used by third-level operators Air Chathams and Barrier Air. Further to the east, gates 101–106 are used for Business Jets and long-term parking.
Airlines and destinations
Auckland connects to 23 domestic and 41 international destinations in North and South America, Asia, Oceania and the Middle East. Air New Zealand operates the most departures from the airport followed by Jetstar and Qantas.
Passenger
Cargo
Statistics
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Rank | Airport | Passengers |
---|---|---|
1 | Sydney | 1,427,535 |
2 | Melbourne | 943,222 |
3 | Brisbane | 765,198 |
4 | Nadi | 540,106 |
5 | Singapore |
539,882 |
6 | Gold Coast | 301,198 |
7 | Shanghai–Pudong | 257,737 |
8 | Rarotonga | 256.101 |
9 | Los Angeles | 251.478 |
10 | Hong Kong | 249,969 |
11 | San Francisco | 218,918 |
12 | Apia–Faleolo | 186,657 |
13 | Kuala Lumpur | 186,389 |
14 | Perth | 182,864 |
15 | Guangzhou–Baiyun | 174,832 |
Company
Company type | Public company |
---|---|
Headquarters | Auckland, New Zealand |
Key people | Carrie Hurihanganui (CEO) Patrick Strange (Chairman) |
Owner | Auckland Council (11.08%)[86] |
Website | aucklandairport |
Auckland International Airport Limited (AIAL) was formed in 1988, when the New Zealand Government corporatised the airport. It had previously been run by the
The Government was AIAL's majority shareholder, the rest being held by the local councils. In 1998 the Government sold its shareholding, and AIAL became the fifth airport company in the world to be publicly listed. At that time the major shareholders were Auckland City Council (25.8 per cent), Manukau City Council (9.6 per cent) and North Shore City Council (7.1 per cent). North Shore City Council sold its shares in 1999 and Auckland City Council sold its share down to 12.8 per cent in 2002. After amalgamation into the Auckland Council, the local authority owned a 22.4 per cent stake worth $1.13 billion as of May 2014.[88] As of 2024, Auckland Council has a 11.1% stake.
AIAL appears on the
As at 31 December 2015, Auckland Airport was the biggest listed company on the NZX, with a market capitalisation of $6.85 Billion NZD.[90]
Revenue
This section needs additional citations for verification. (June 2018) |
AIAL enjoys diverse revenue streams, and operates a 'dual-till' approach, whereby its finances are split into aeronautical and non-aeronautical balance sheets. Aeronautical income is derived from airfield charges, terminal services charge and the airport development charge (or departure fee).
The diversity in revenue was of benefit during the downturn in international aviation following the events of 11 September 2001, and subsequently the 2002 Bali bombings, SARS outbreak and the Iraq War. The airport was able to rely on steady income from the non-aeronautical side of the business, which softened the blow of international events.
In July 2009 Auckland Airport elected to delay a scheduled increase in its landing charges from 1 July 2009 to assist its airline customers during the recession. The scheduled increase was put in place on 1 March 2010. The company has in the past reportedly been singled out by airline lobby group
Until July 2008, AIAL charged all departing international passengers (12 years old or older) a $25 departure fee. This has been replaced with a passenger services charge levied on the airlines for each arriving and departing international passenger. This charge has commenced at $13 and was planned to rise by 50 cents a year for two years to $14.[94] In 2012, Auckland Airport envisaged to cut the international passenger fee and hike the domestic travellers charges in FY-2013.[95]
Partnership with Queenstown Airport
On 8 July 2010, AIAL announced it had entered into an agreement to take a 24.99 per cent shareholding in Queenstown Airport Corporation Limited, the operator of
Radio
Auckland Airport owned radio frequencies over a 15-year period. It purchased the
Ground transportation
Road
Two
Public transport
- SkyDrive express buses operate between both terminals at the airport and SkyCity in central Auckland.[102]
- The Airport Link is a Puhinui Railway Station. This service is the first stage of an eventual full BRT line from the Airport to Botany Town Centre[103]
- Park & Ride bus service is available for short-term and long-term parking. It is located 10 – 15 minutes from the domestic and international terminals. The park and ride service is also used by the majority of airport staff.
Rail proposals
A heavy rail connection from the airport to
The preferred option between 2016 and 2024[104] was an entirely new light rail line running from the airport to central Auckland via a direct alignment through Mangere, Onehunga and Mount Roskill. At Mount Roskill, it would have connected to the planned Dominion Road light rail line[105] which would have continued on to Queen Street in Central Auckland before reaching a final terminus in the Wynyard Quarter waterfront development area. This project was cancelled by National in January 2024.[106]
Cycling
There are several cycle routes connecting the airport to the surrounding suburbs, consisting of both off-road tracks and on-road cycle lanes.
Accidents and incidents
Accidents and incidents that occurred at or near Auckland Airport include:
- 4 July 1966 – an DC-8 on a training flight crashedon the runway shortly after taking off, killing 2 of the 5 crew (no passengers were on board).
- 17 February 1979 – Air New Zealand Flight 4374 crashed into Manukau Harbour while on final approach. 1 crew and 1 company staff member were killed.
- 31 July 1989 – an Air Freight NZ Convair 340/580 crashed shortly after taking off at night. All 3 crew members were killed.
- 12 March 2003 - A Singapore Airlines Boeing 747-412 operating as SQ286 suffered a 490 metre long tail strike during takeoff caused by a miscalculated VR speed. [107]
Demographics
The statistical area of Auckland Airport covers 23.05 km2 (8.90 sq mi)[108] northwest of the actual airport, had an estimated population of 690 as of June 2023,[109] with a population density of 30 people per km2.
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
2006 | 810 | — |
2013 | 567 | −4.97% |
2018 | 630 | +2.13% |
Source: [110] |
Auckland Airport had a population of 630 at the
Ethnicities were 31.4% European/Pākehā, 49.0% Māori, 19.5% Pacific peoples, 19.5% Asian, and 1.4% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 24.3, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 45.7% had no religion, 36.2% were Christian, 5.7% had Māori religious beliefs, 3.3% were Hindu, 2.4% were Muslim, 1.0% were Buddhist and 3.3% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 66 (13.3%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 69 (13.9%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $36,600, compared with $31,800 nationally. 75 people (15.2%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 306 (61.8%) people were employed full-time, 51 (10.3%) were part-time, and 15 (3.0%) were unemployed.[110]
See also
- Auckland Airport Line (proposed)
- List of airports in New Zealand
- List of airlines of New Zealand
- List of the busiest airports in New Zealand
- Transport in New Zealand
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External links
Media related to Auckland Airport at Wikimedia Commons
Auckland Airport travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Official website
- Photographs of Auckland Airport held in Auckland Libraries' heritage collections
- "Documenting the new Auckland Airport" at the website of Auckland Museum