August 2016 Central Italy earthquake
homeless[7] |
An earthquake, measuring 6.2 ± 0.016
Background
The central
This was the largest tremor since 2009,[9] when an earthquake near L'Aquila in the Abruzzo region killed over 300 people and displaced about 65,000.
Earthquake
The earthquake was initially reported by
As of 30 August 2016[update], the initial earthquake was followed by at least 2,500 aftershocks.[14] The tremor and a number of aftershocks were felt across the whole of central Italy (from Rimini to Naples), including Rome, Florence and Bologna.[15]
The local school was the first place to be repaired and reopened to the public on 15 September 2016.[citation needed]
Date | ≥6.0 | 5.0–5.9 | 4.0–4.9 | 3.0–3.9 | 2.0–2.9 | 1.0–1.9 | ≤0.9 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
24 Aug | 1 | 1 | 7 | 83 | 214 | 46 | 0 | 352 |
25 Aug | 0 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 228 | 233 | 1 | 472 |
26 Aug | 0 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 190 | 178 | 2 | 385 |
27 Aug | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 130 | 330 | 6 | 476 |
28 Aug | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 86 | 351 | 6 | 453 |
29 Aug | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 71 | 268 | 8 | 352 |
30 Aug | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 69 | 308 | 22 | 403 |
31 Aug | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 53 | 355 | 22 | 439 |
Date | Local time (CEST) |
Moment magnitude |
Hypocenter depth |
Epicenter | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Municipality | Latitude | Longitude | ||||
24 August 2016 | 03:36:32[17] | 6.2 | 10 km (6.2 mi) | Norcia | 42.71 | 13.17 |
24 August 2016 | 03:56:02[18] | 4.6 | 10 km (6.2 mi) | Amatrice | 42.61 | 13.28 |
24 August 2016 | 04:33:29[19] | 5.5 | 10 km (6.2 mi) | Norcia | 42.79 | 13.15 |
24 August 2016 | 04:59:35[20] | 4.3 | 9 km (5.6 mi) | Norcia | 42.80 | 13.14 |
24 August 2016 | 05:40:11[21] | 4.3 | 10.7 km (6.6 mi) | Amatrice | 42.62 | 13.25 |
24 August 2016 | 06:06:53[22] | 4.4 | 10 km (6.2 mi) | Cascia | 42.75 | 13.03 |
24 August 2016 | 13:50:31[23] | 4.9 | 10 km (6.2 mi) | Visso | 42.87 | 13.11 |
24 August 2016 | 13:50:57[24] | 4.1 | 8 km (5.0 mi) | Arquata del Tronto | 42.82 | 13.15 |
24 August 2016 | 19:46:09[25] | 4.6 | 10 km (6.2 mi) | Arquata del Tronto | 42.72 | 13.19 |
25 August 2016 | 01:22:06[26] | 4.1 | 7.3 km (4.5 mi) | Maltignano | 42.67 | 13.14 |
25 August 2016 | 05:17:16[27] | 4.7 | 10 km (6.2 mi) | Norcia | 42.78 | 13.18 |
25 August 2016 | 05:36:07[26] | 4.3 | 10 km (6.2 mi) | Maltignano | 42.65 | 13.16 |
26 August 2016 | 06:28:27[28] | 4.7 | 10 km (6.2 mi) | Amatrice | 42.66 | 13.25 |
27 August 2016 | 04:50:59[29] | 4.2 | 12.2 km (7.6 mi) | Norcia | 42.83 | 13.15 |
28 August 2016 | 15:07:34[30] | 4.3 | 11.7 km (7.3 mi) | Amatrice | 42.66 | 13.24 |
28 August 2016 | 17:55:36[31] | 4.6 | 5.7 km (3.5 mi) | Norcia | 42.78 | 13.15 |
28 August 2016 | 18:42:02[23] | 4.3 | 10 km (6.2 mi) | Visso | 42.86 | 13.03 |
Casualties and rescue work
Nationality | Dead | Injured |
---|---|---|
Italy[32] | 280 | 376 |
Romania[33][34] | 11 | 6 |
United Kingdom[35] | 3 | 2 |
Albania[36] | 1 | 7[37] |
El Salvador[32][38] | 1 | 1 |
Canada[39] | 1 | 1 |
Afghanistan[40] | 1 | |
Spain[41] | 1 | |
United States | - | 2 |
North Macedonia | - | 1[37] |
As of 26 August 2016[update], the official figures of the Protezione Civile report that the earthquake caused the death of 297 people: 234 in Amatrice, 11 in Accumoli and 49 in Arquata del Tronto.[42] At least 365 injured had to be treated in hospitals, mainly in Rieti and Ascoli Piceno, while people with less serious injuries were treated on the spot.[43]
In addition to those rescued with the help of other inhabitants or escaped by themselves, 238 people were pulled alive from the rubble by the timely intervention of the authorities, 215 by the
Approximately 2,100 people found shelter at emergency camps.
The earthquake killed 280 Italians, 11 Romanians, and several others. The complete list is seen to the right.
Damage
Early reports indicated severe damage in the town of
Cultural heritage
In addition to the loss of human life, widespread destruction of cultural heritage is also reported.[52][53][54]
In Amatrice, the facade and
The Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi – a UNESCO World Heritage site with frescoes by Giotto and Cimabue that were partly destroyed by an earthquake in 1997 – was declared safe after an extensive survey by the head restorer.[55][56]
Robot-assisted disaster response in Amatrice
3D computer models were used to help damage assessment of the
Controversies
After the earthquake in Central Italy, the court of Rieti discovered that not all the buildings of those cities were constructed or renovated under the antiseismic law of 1974 in which it explained all the construction techniques of an earthquake resistant building. In fact, a family was killed that night by the rubble of a church that was not renovated under that law.[59] Similarly, the Romolo Capranica elementary school in Amatrice partially collapsed, even if in 2013 the town spent 160,000 euros in a seismic retrofit operation that improved the building's seismic resistance, but wasn't enough to comply with 2012 earthquake standards in Italy.[60] The investigation is ongoing to discover the causes that allowed buildings to become reduced to rubble instead of sustaining damage attributed to buildings following anti-seismic regulations, especially Amatrice.
French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo published a cartoon depicting Italian earthquake victims as pasta dishes, causing "shock and outrage."[61] In response to the reaction of Italians unleashed on social networks, the cartoonist Coco pointed out with another cartoon on the official Facebook page of the magazine: "Italians ... it's not Charlie Hebdo who builds your houses, it's the Mafia!"[62] The French ambassador in Rome, in a statement, pointed out that the French Government's position on the Italian earthquake is not that expressed by Charlie Hebdo.[63]
October 2016 and January 2017 earthquakes
A magnitude 6.1 intraplate earthquake struck Italy 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) west of Visso on 26 October at 9:18 p.m. local time. The earthquake, initially considered an aftershock of the magnitude 6.2 earthquake in August, struck about 30 kilometres (19 mi) to the northwest of the August earthquake.[64] The civil protection, however, estimated the consequences less dramatically than feared. According to official data, a man died because he had suffered a heart attack as a result of the quake.[65] On 30 October, an earthquake larger than the 24 August shock struck Norcia with a USGS moment magnitude of 6.6.[66]
A magnitude 5.3 earthquake struck 25 km northwest of L'Aquila on 18 January at 10:25 local time at a depth of 9 km.[67] A stronger, 5.7 tremor hit the same epicentral area at 11:14 local time.[68] A third earthquake of preliminary magnitude of 5.6 struck 11 minutes later.[69] At 14:33 local time, the fourth tremor of a magnitude 5.2 was registered.[70] These earthquakes were followed by multiple aftershocks.
Maps
Red: Main shock, Orange: 4.0–5.9, Blue: 3.0–3.9, Light blue: 0–2.9
See also
- 1639 Amatrice earthquake
- List of earthquakes in 2016
- List of earthquakes in Italy
- October 2016 Central Italy earthquakes
- January 2017 Central Italy earthquakes
References
- ^ INGV(in Italian). 24 August 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ^ a b c d e "M6.2 – 10 km SE of Norcia, Italy". United States Geological Survey. 24 August 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ^ a b "Origin". USGS Technical. USGS. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
- S2CID 134166952.
- ^ Rai News24. 15 November 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
- ^ Santalucia, Paolo (26 August 2016). "Italy Earthquake: Death toll reaches 278 while road damage could see town 'isolated'". The Independent. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
- ^ Terremoto, Curcio: 4500 nelle tende, ma presto via da lì. Per le casette 7 mesi
- .
- ^ Breslin, Sean (24 August 2016). "6.2 Magnitude Earthquake Hits Italy; Residents Trapped, Major Damage Reported". Weather.com. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ^ Scherer, Steve (24 August 2016). "Magnitude 6.4 quake hits Italy near Perugia: USGS". Reuters. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ^ Carosi, Fabio (24 August 2016). "Terremoto ad Amatrice, una perla d'Italia cancellata nell'ora del diavolo" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 8 May 2020.
- ^ Park, Madison; Karimi, Faith (24 August 2016). "Earthquake hits central Italy". CNN. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ^ Santalucia, Paola; Winfield, Nicole (24 August 2016). "6.2-magnitude earthquake rattles Rome, central Italy". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ^ "Terremoto: fino a questo momento più di 2500 scosse dopo quella principale" [Earthquake, up to now more than 2500 aftershocks after the main one]. meteoweb.eu (in Italian). Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- ^ Palazzo, Chiara; Graham, Chris; Squires, Nick (24 August 2016). "Italy quake: 6.4 magnitude tremor rocks heart of the country". The Telegraph. United Kingdom. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ^ "Earthquake list". Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. Data
- ^ "M6.2 – 10 km SE of Norcia, Italy".
- ^ "M4.6 – 10 km W of Amatrice, Italy".
- ^ "M5.5 – 4 km NE of Norcia, Italy".
- ^ "M4.1 – 2 km NNE of Norcia, Italy".
- ^ "M4.3 – 4 km W of Amatrice, Italy".
- ^ "M4.5 – 4 km NNE of Cascia, Italy".
- ^ a b "M4.9 – 5 km SSE of Visso, Italy".
- ^ "M4.1 – 1 km ENE of Amatrice, Italy".
- ^ "M4.6 – 10 km WSW of Arquata del Tronto, Italy".
- ^ a b "M4.3 – 10 km ESE of Maltignano, Italy".
- ^ "M4.7 – 7 km E of Norcia, Italy".
- ^ "M4.7 – 5 km NW of Amatrice, Italy".
- ^ "M4.2 – 6 km NE of Norcia, Italy".
- ^ "M4.3 – 5 km NW of Amatrice, Italy".
- ^ "M4.6 – 4 km E of Norcia, Italy".
- ^ a b "L'elenco delle vittime riconosciute pubblicato dalle prefetture di Rieti e Ascoli Piceno". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). 26 August 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ anche la Romania piange
- ^ romaniainsider (29 August 2016). "Eleven Romanians die in Italy earthquake". Romania Insider. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ "Italy earthquake: At least three Britons killed, official says". BBC News. 25 August 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ "Chi sono le vittime del terremoto in Centro Italia - Panorama". www.panorama.it (in Italian). Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ a b One of the injured had dual Macedonian–Albanian nationality
- ^ Salvadoreña muere en terremoto en Italia; su hijo fue rescatado con vida
- ^ Canadian among those killed in Italian earthquake
- ^ "Terremoto, Sayed non ce l'ha fatta Individuato cadavere del rifugiato afgano: il fratello attendeva da giorni". 5 September 2016.
- ^ "La española fallecida en el terremoto de Italia es una joven de Granada". Europa Press. 25 August 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ a b "Terremoto Centro Italia: aggiornamento del numero di vittime, feriti e popolazione assistita" Archived 27 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Protezione Civile, 26 August 2016.
- ^ "Terremoto Centro Italia: aggiornamento del numero di vittime e feriti" Archived 26 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Protezione Civile, 25 August 2016.
- ^ Piccolillo, Beatrice Montini, Virginia (26 August 2016). "Terremoto, 281 morti e 388 i feriti Amatrice decimata: 221 le sue vittime 2.500 le persone senza una casa". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 13 February 2023.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Ministry of Interior of Italy. 25 August 2016.
- ^ Terremoto Italia centrale: le forze in campo Archived 28 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Protezione Civile, 25 August 2016
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
- ^ Chrisafis, Angelique (24 August 2016). "Mayor of Amatrice: 'the town isn't here any more' after strong earthquake". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ^ Lorenzi, Rossella (24 August 2016). "Italy Quake: Famous Village 'Isn't Here Any More'". Seeker.com. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
- ^ "Terremoto ad Amatrice, la distruzione vista dall'alto" [Earthquake at Amatrice, the destruction seen from above]. Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 28 August 2016.
- ^ "Reinsurers face up to $166m Italy quake loss". 1 September 2016.
- ^ ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
- ^ a b Dichiarante, Anna (24 August 2016). "Terremoto nel centro Italia, i danni al patrimonio artistico" [Earthquake in Central Italy, the damage to heritage]. La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ^ a b "Terremoto Centro Italia, chiese e monumenti storici danneggiati. Sopralluogo anche al Colosseo: "Tutto ok"" [Earthquake in Central Italy, churches and historical monuments damaged. Inspection also at the Coliseum: "Everything ok"]. Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 24 August 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
- ^ McGivern, Hannah (24 August 2016). "Assisi basilica declared safe after fatal earthquake strikes central Italy". The Art Newspaper. Retrieved 27 August 2016.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
- ISBN 978-1-5090-4349-1.
- ^ "TRADR successfully deployed robot technology for disaster response in Amatrice". TRADR Project. 1 September 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
- ^ "Sisma, nel mirino della procura di Rieti appalti e collaudi: occhi puntati sul campanile killer" [Earthquake, the court of Rieti is concentrating on construction sites and tests, eyes on the bell tower killer]. tgcom24 (in Italian). Retrieved 29 August 2016.
- ^ "Il crollo della scuola di Amatrice" [The collapse of the school in Amatrice]. Il Post (in Italian).
- ^ McAuley, James; Hassan, Jennifer (2 September 2016). "Charlie Hebdo's latest cartoon depicts Italian earthquake victims as pasta dishes". The Washington Post. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
- ^ "The drawing of the day, by coco". www.facebook.com. Charlie Hebdo. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- ^ "French embassy disowns Charlie Hebdo cartoons". ANSA. 2 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
- ^ "M6.1 - 2km NNW of Visso, Italy". United States Geological Survey. 26 October 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
- ^ "Ein Toter nach schweren Erdbeben in Mittelitalien". www.t-online.de. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
- ^ "M6.6 - 6km N of Norcia, Italy". United States Geological Survey. 30 October 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
- ^ "Earthquake, Magnitude 5.3 - CENTRAL ITALY - 2017 January 18, 09:25:40 UTC". Retrieved 18 January 2017.
- ^ "Earthquake, Magnitude 5.7 - CENTRAL ITALY - 2017 January 18, 10:14:10 UTC". Retrieved 18 January 2017.
- ^ "Earthquake, Magnitude 5.6 - CENTRAL ITALY - 2017 January 18, 10:25:25 UTC". Retrieved 18 January 2017.
- ^ "Earthquake, Magnitude 5.2 - CENTRAL ITALY - 2017 January 18, 13:33:37 UTC". Retrieved 18 January 2017.
External links
- Media related to 2016 Central Italy earthquake at Wikimedia Commons
- Euronews: Italy's worst earthquake
- The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
- EMSR177: Earthquake in Central Italy (reference and damage grading maps) – Copernicus Emergency Management Service