Auguste Piccard
Auguste Piccard | |
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Université Libre de Bruxelles and Vrije Universiteit Brussel ) | |
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Auguste Antoine Piccard (28 January 1884 – 24 March 1962) was a
Piccard's twin brother Jean Felix Piccard is also a notable figure in the annals of science and exploration, as are a number of their relatives, including Jacques Piccard, Bertrand Piccard, Jeannette Piccard and Don Piccard.
Biography
Piccard and his twin brother Jean Felix Piccard were born in Basel, Switzerland, on 28 January 1884.[1]
Showing an intense interest in science as a child, he attended the
In 1930, an interest in
An important motivation for his research in the upper atmosphere was measurements of
"A huge yellow balloon soared skyward, a few weeks ago, from Augsberg, Germany. Instead of a basket, it trailed an air-thin black-and-silver aluminum ball. Within [the contraption] Prof. Auguste Piccard, physicist, and Charles Kipfer aimed to explore the air 50,000 feet up. Seventeen hours later, after being given up for dead, they returned safely from an estimated height of more than 52,000 feet, almost ten miles, shattering every aircraft altitude record."
Popular Science, August, 1931[2]
On 27 May 1931, Auguste Piccard and Paul Kipfer took off from Augsburg, Germany in a hydrogen balloon,[3] and reached a record altitude of 15,781 m (51,775 ft; 9.806 mi) (FAI Record File Number 10634). During this flight, they became the first human beings to enter the stratosphere,[4] and were able to gather substantial data on the upper atmosphere, as well as measure cosmic rays.[2][5]
In the mid-1930s, Piccard's interests shifted when he realized that a modification of his high-altitude balloon cockpit would allow descent into the deep ocean. By 1937, he had designed the bathyscaphe, a small steel gondola built to withstand great external pressure. Construction began, but was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. Resuming work in 1945, he completed the bubble-shaped cockpit that maintained normal air pressure for a person inside the capsule even as the water pressure outside increased to over 46 MPa (6,700 psi). Above the heavy steel capsule, a large flotation tank was attached and filled with a low density liquid for buoyancy. Liquids are relatively incompressible and can provide buoyancy that does not change as the pressure increases. And so, the huge tank was filled with gasoline, not as a fuel, but as flotation. To make the now floating craft sink, tons of iron were attached to the float with a release mechanism to allow resurfacing. This craft was named FNRS-2 and made a number of unmanned dives in 1948 before being given to the French Navy in 1950.[6] There, it was redesigned, and in 1954, it took a man safely down 4,176 m (13,701 ft).
Piccard and his son, Jacques, built a second bathyscaphe and together they dove to a record-breaking depth of 3,150 m (10,335 ft) in 1953.[4]
Auguste Piccard died on 24 March 1962 of a
Piccard family
- Jules Piccard (professor of chemistry)
- Auguste Piccard (physicist, aeronaut, balloonist, hydronaut)
- Jacques Piccard (hydronaut, engineer)
- Bertrand Piccard (aeronaut, balloonist)
- Jacques Piccard (hydronaut, engineer)
- Jean Felix Piccard (organic chemist, aeronaut, and balloonist)
- Jeannette Piccard (wife of Jean Felix) (aeronaut and balloonist)
- Don Piccard (balloonist)
- Auguste Piccard (physicist, aeronaut, balloonist, hydronaut)
References in popular culture
- Auguste Piccard was the inspiration for Piccard held a teaching appointment in Brussels where Hergé spotted his unmistakable figure in the street. This connection was confirmed by Hergé in an interview with Numa Sadoul:
Calculus is a reduced scale Piccard, as the real chap was very tall. He had an interminable neck that sprouted from a collar that was much too large... I made Calculus a mini-Piccard, otherwise I would have had to enlarge the frames of the cartoon strip.[7]
- Gene Roddenberry named Captain Jean-Luc Picard in Star Trek after one or both of the twin brothers Auguste and Jean Felix Piccard, and derived Jean-Luc Picard from their names.[8][9]
- Will Gregory's opera, Piccard in Space, premiered at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in London on 31 March 2011. The libretto, by Hattie Naylor, focuses on Auguste Piccard's first balloon ascent with his assistant Paul Kipfer, and on the theories of Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton, who both appear as characters in the drama.[10][11][12]
- In 2016, the exploits of Piccard and his son Jacques were featured in an American television commercial for Hennessy cognac.[13]
See also
References
- ^ a b "Auguste Piccard, Explorer, Is Dead. Auguste Piccard Is Dead at 78. Stratosphere and Sea Explorer". The New York Times. 26 March 1962.
- ^ a b "Ten Miles High in an Air-Tight Ball". Popular Science. Bonnier Corporation. August 1931. p. 23 – via Google Books.
- ProQuest 99083688.
- ^ a b c "Explorer of the stratosphere, he paved the way for modern aviation access". Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
- PMID 19037349.
The first direct visual detection of the curvature of the horizon has been widely attributed to Auguste Piccard and Paul Kipfer on 27 May 1931.
- OCLC 16986801. Archived from the original on 1 August 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2008.)
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link - ISBN 0-7195-6119-1. Chapter on Outside characters drawn into the Adventures.
- ^ University of California, Berkeley et al. [and informal sources on Jean Piccard talk page] (2003). "Living with a Star: 3: Balloon/Rocket Mission: Scientific Ballooning". The Regents of the University of California. Archived from the original on 26 June 2010. Retrieved 30 January 2007.
- ^ Piccard, Elizabeth (23 January 2004). "Talk of the Nation: Science on Stage". National Public Radio. Archived from the original on 7 March 2007. Retrieved 29 January 2007.
- The Financial Times. Archivedfrom the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
- ^ Seckerson, Edward (1 April 2011). "Gregory Piccard in Space, Queen Elizabeth Hall". The Independent.
- ^ Christiansen, Rupert (1 April 2011). "Piccard in Space, Queen Elizabeth Hall, review". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.
- Ad Week.