Aulopiformes

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Aulopiformes
Temporal range: 125–0 
Ma
 Early Cretaceous to present[1]
Variegated lizardfish, Synodus variegatus
(Synodontoidei: Synodontidae)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Clade:
Eurypterygii
Superorder: Cyclosquamata
Order: Aulopiformes
D. E. Rosen, 1973
Type genus
Aulopus
Cloquet, 1816
Suborders
Synonyms

Macristiidae (see text)

Aulopiformes

scientific name means "Aulopus-shaped", from Aulopus (the type genus) + the standard fish order suffix "-formes". It ultimately derives from Ancient Greek aulós (αὐλός, "flute" or "pipe") + Latin forma ("external form"), the former in reference to the elongated shape of many aulopiforms.[2][3][4]

They are grouped together because of common features in the structure of their

phylogenetic uncertainty. This would result in a highly cumbersome and taxonomically redundant group of two very small and no less than four monotypic superorders.[5][6]

An extinct clade of Aulopiformes, the suborder Enchodontoidei and its many constituent families, were dominant nektonic fish throughout much of the Late Cretaceous.[1][7] Several other extant aulopiform families also have Cretaceous representatives, and phylogenetic evidence indicates that the order as a whole diversified into its extant families around the Early Cretaceous, making it rather ancient. These diversifications included the earliest adaptations for deep-sea living, which is common among many extant aulopiform taxa.[8]

Description

Many aulopiforms are

pelagic nekton. In general, aulopiform fish have a mixture of advanced and primitive characteristics relative to other teleost fish.[5][9]

Chlorophthalmidae
)

Aulopiforms have either a vestigial

adipose fin (which is also typical for the Protacanthopterygii).[4][5][9]

The

deepsea tripodfish Bathytyphlops.[10]

Classification

Paralepididae
)
Enchodus petrosus from the Cretaceous of the Western Interior Seaway
(Enchodontoidei: Enchodontidae
)
Highfin lizardfish, Bathysaurus mollis
(Giganturoidei: Bathysauridae
)
  • Suborder Alepisauroidei
    • Family
      Alepisauridae
      – lancetfishes
    • Family
      Anotopteridae
      – daggertooths (may belong in Paralepididae)
    • Family
      Evermannellidae
      – sabertooth fishes
    • Family
      Omosudidae
      – hammerjaw (sometimes included in Alepisauridae)
    • Family
      Paralepididae
      – barracudinas
    • Family †Polymerichthyidae – an extinct alepisauroid closely related to the daggertooths and lancetfish[11]
    • Family
      Scopelarchidae
      – pearleyes
  • Suborder Chlorophthalmoidei
    • Family
      pale deepsea lizardfish
    • Family
      Bathysauropsidae
      – lizard greeneyes (sometimes included in Ipnopidae)
    • Family
      Chlorophthalmidae
      – greeneyes
    • Family Ipnopidae – deepsea tripodfishes
    • Family Notosudidae – waryfishes
  • Suborder Enchodontoidei (including Halecoidei, Ichthyotringoidei, may belong in Alepisauroidei; fossil)
  • Suborder Giganturoidei
    • Family Bathysauridae – deepwater lizardfishes
    • Family
      Giganturidae
      – telescopefishes
  • Suborder Synodontoidei
    • Family Aulopidae – flagfins
    • Family
      Paraulopidae
      – "cucumberfishes"
    • Family
      Pseudotrichonotidae
      – sandliving lizardfishes, sand-diving lizardfishes
    • Family Synodontidae – typical lizardfishes
  • Suborder incertae sedis

Timeline of genera

QuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneCretaceousHolocenePleistocenePlioceneMioceneOligoceneEocenePaleoceneLate CretaceousEarly CretaceousNotolepisScopelarchusScopelosaurusChlorophthalmusAulopusLabrophagusAulopopsisAcrognathusNematonotusQuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneCretaceousHolocenePleistocenePlioceneMioceneOligoceneEocenePaleoceneLate CretaceousEarly Cretaceous

Footnotes

  1. ^
    ISSN 1055-7903
    .
  2. ^ Woodhouse (1910)
  3. ^ Glare (1982)
  4. ^ a b FishBase (2000)
  5. ^ a b c Nelson (2006, p. 214)
  6. ^ Diogo (2008)
  7. ^ Chida, Mori (Fall 2022). "A new species of dercetid and the assessment of the phylogeny of the Enchodontoidei (Teleostei: Aulopiformes)". ERA. Retrieved 2023-12-28.
  8. ISSN 1055-7903
    .
  9. ^ a b Johnson & Eschmeyer (1998)
  10. ^ Taylor (2009)
  11. ^ Uyeno, Teruya. "A Miocene alepisauroid fish of a new family, Polymerichthyidae, from Japan." Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus 10 (1967): 383-394.
  12. ISSN 0195-6671
    .
  13. ISSN 1477-2019
    .

References

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