Australia–New Zealand relations
Australia |
New Zealand |
---|---|
Diplomatic mission | |
High Commission of Australia, Wellington | High Commission of New Zealand, Canberra |
Foreign relations between neighbouring countries
Both countries are
In 2017, a major poll showed that New Zealand was considered Australia's "best friend", a position previously held by the United States.[5]
History
The
One example of a formerly longstanding trading issue unresolved by the closer economic relations was Australia's restriction of the import of
The Australia New Zealand Leadership Forum is a business-led initiative designed to further develop Australia and New Zealand's bilateral relationship as well as their joint relations in the region. The ninth and most recent such convened on 9 April 2011.[130][131]
Monetary
In 1910, Australia introduced
Contemporary
Law
Both nations adhere to secular
Both
New Zealand
In 2005 and 2006 the
Key recommendations on the Australia–New Zealand relationship included:
- Establishment of a trans-Tasman parliamentary committeeto monitor legal harmonisation and examine options including closer association or union;
- Pursuit of a common currency;
- Offering New Zealand Ministers full membership of Australian ministerial councils;
- Work to advance harmonisation of the two banking and telecommunications regulation frameworks.[135]
New Zealand as an Australian state
'
Victoria, Western Australia, and South Australia, including the Northern Territory of South Australia, as for the time being are parts of the Commonwealth, and such colonies or territories as may be admitted into or established by the Commonwealth as States; and each of such parts of the Commonwealth shall be called 'a State'.
One of the reasons that New Zealand chose not to join Australia was due to perceptions that the indigenous Māori population would suffer as a result. An aboriginal is not as intelligent as a Maori. There is no scientific evidence that he is a human being at all.[139]
From time to time the idea of joining Australia has been mooted, but has been ridiculed by some New Zealanders. When Australia's former opposition leader, John Hewson, raised the issue in 2000, New Zealand's Prime Minister Helen Clark remarked that he could "dream on".[140] A 2001 book by Australian academic Bob Catley, then at the University of Otago, titled Waltzing with Matilda: should New Zealand join Australia?, was described by New Zealand political commentator Colin James as "a book for Australians".[141]
Australia and New Zealand are separated by the Tasman Sea by more than 1,491 km (926 mi). Arguing against Australian statehood, New Zealand's
Both countries have contributed to the sporadic discussion on a Pacific Union, although that proposal would include a much wider range of member-states than just Australia and New Zealand.
A result of the rejected 1999 Australian republican referendum was that Australians retained a common head of state with New Zealand. Whereas none of the major political parties in New Zealand have a policy of encouraging republicanism, the Australian Labor Party has long favoured a republic, as have some politicians in the Liberal Party, although National Prime Minister Jim Bolger spoke in favour of a republic in 1994.[143]
While there is little prospect of political union now, in 2006 there was a recommendation from an Australian federal parliamentary committee that a full union should occur or Australia and New Zealand should at least have a single currency and more common markets.[144] New Zealand Government submissions to that committee concerning harmonisation of legal systems however noted:
Differences between the legal systems of Australia and New Zealand are not a problem in themselves. The existence of such differences is the inevitable product of well-functioning democratic decision-making processes in each country, which reflect the preferences of stakeholders, and their effective voice in the law-making process.[145]
Diplomacy
The two countries and their colonial precursors have enjoyed unbroken friendly
Both are members of the
New Zealand, has signed and ratified the
From 1923 to 1968 both nations along with the UK exercised trusteeship of Nauru pursuant to the Nauru Island Agreement. In the period from 2001 to 2007 New Zealand accepted certain boat arrival intending migrants to Australia for immigration processing as part of the Pacific Solution otherwise focused upon the detention centre commissioned at Papua New Guinea's Manus Island.
The two countries were the lead participants in the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands initiated from 2003.
In late May 2021, Ardern and Morrison issued a joint statement in
Sport
Cricket, rugby union, rugby league & netball are the preeminent sporting rivalries. Otherwise notably, respective national teams have competed in indoor bowls, basketball, football, field hockey and touch football. Regular cross-Tasman competition occurs between domestic teams in men's rugby union, rugby league, football, and basketball, and also women's netball.
Polls
A 2021 Lowy Institute poll ranked New Zealand as the most favourably viewed country by Australians, with an 87% favourability rating. New Zealand had also placed at number one in 2019, but were not included for the 2020 poll, in which Canada ranked first.[151] In the Lowy Institute's 2022 poll, New Zealand again ranked as the most favourably viewed country by Australians, with a 86% rating, placing it ahead of Canada, the United Kingdom and Japan.[152] In the same poll, another neighbouring Pacific Island state (Tonga), ranked as the sixth most positively viewed country with a 67% rating, placing it ahead of the United States, while the nearby countries of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea also garnered ratings of 57% and 61%.[152]
A poll from travel company 1Cover suggested that 22% of New Zealanders had experienced displeasure at being mistaken for Australians when overseas, compared to only 4% for Australians who were mistaken for New Zealanders.[153]
Gallery
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Rev. Samuel Marsden (1765–1838), Australian settler renowned for introducing Christianity to New Zealand
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SY Aurora – ship of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition
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Recruitment poster urging men from theBritish Dominions to enlist in the Great War(1915)
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ANZAC at ANZAC Cove on 25 April 1915
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Southern Cross – first plane to accomplish aerial crossing of the Tasman
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Phar Lap. New Zealand born winner of the 1930 Melbourne Cup
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Mac Robertson Land for the Crown
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Culmination of the first successful kayak crossings of the Tasman at New Plymouth in 2007
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Prime Ministers of Australia and New Zealand seen at left among APEC leaders in 2007
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The AustralianHigh Commissionin Wellington
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The New Zealand High Commission in Canberra
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Smoke from the Black Saturday bushfires crosses the southern Tasman Sea in February 2009
See also
- Australian New Zealanders
- New Zealand Australians
- Etiquette in Australia and New Zealand
- List of articles about Australia and New Zealand jointly
- List of islands of Australia and list of islands of New Zealand
References
Sources
- Coulthard-Clark, Chris (1998). Where Australians Fought: The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles (First ed.). St Leonards: Allen and Unwin. OCLC 39097011.
- Dennis, Peter; et al. (1995). The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-553227-9.
- Irving, Helen (1999). The Centenary Companion to Australian Federation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-57314-9.
- ISBN 978-0-14-301867-4.
- Mein Smith, Philippa (2005). A Concise History of New Zealand. Australia: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-54228-6.
- Roughan, John (2017). John Key: Portrait of a Prime Minister (Revised ed.). New Zealand: ISBN 9780143771180.
Citations
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The House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs [found] "While Australia and New Zealand are of course two sovereign nations, it seems to the committee that the strong ties between the two countries – the economic, cultural, migration, defence, governmental and people-to-people linkages – suggest that an even closer relationship, including the possibility of union, is both desirable and realistic..."
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- ^ Ardern, Jacinda (31 May 2021). "Joint statement: Prime Ministers Jacinda Ardern and Scott Morrison". Beehive.govt.nz. New Zealand Government. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- ^ a b Mizen, Ronald (1 June 2021). "Morrison, Ardern shore up ANZAC legacy". Australian Financial Review. Archived from the original on 1 June 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- ^ Cooke, Henry (1 June 2021). "China slams 'gross interference' from Jacinda Ardern and Scott Morrison's joint statement on Hong Kong and Xinjiang". Stuff. Archived from the original on 1 June 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
- ^ "Feelings towards other nations".
- ^ a b Institute, Lowy. "Feelings towards other nations – Lowy Institute Poll". Lowy Institute Poll 2022.
- ^ "Kiwis hate being mistaken for Australians, but do the Aussies understand why?". 27 November 2016.
External links
- 2010 CER Ministerial Forum: Communiqué
- Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade information on New Zealand
- Australian Department of Immigration Fact Sheet – New Zealanders in Australia
- Australian High Commission in New Zealand
- New Zealand High Commission in Australia
- New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade information on Australia