Australosphenida
| Australosphenida Temporal range:
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|---|---|
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| Jaw fragment of Ambondro mahabo | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Infraclass: | Australosphenida Luo, Cifelli, & Kielan-Jaworowska, 2001 |
| Taxa | |
And see text | |
The Australosphenida are a
Taxonomy
This grouping includes the following taxa:
- † of Argentina and Madagascar.
- †Ausktribosphenidae, including the genera Ausktribosphenos from the Lower Cretaceous of Australia
- †Bishops from the Lower Cretaceous of Australia an unnamed genus from the Mid-Cretaceous of Argentina (the latter of which was originally attributed to Ausktribosphenidae).[1][2]
- †?Vincelestes, sometimes recovered as an australosphenidan (when not inversely considered a cladotherian).[3][4]
- †?Tendagurutherium, recovered as an australosphenidan in one study.[3]
The clade Australosphenida was proposed by Luo et al. (2001, 2002) and was initially left unranked, as the authors do not apply the
Evolution
The grouping embodies a hypothesis about the evolution of
According to Luo et al., tribosphenic molars were evolved by the Australosphenida independently of the true
Most recent phylogenetic studies lump henosferids and aukstribosphenids alongside monotremes.[6][7] However, in a 2022 review of montreme evolution noted that most primitive monotreme Teinolophos differed substantially from other non-monotreme Australosphenidans, having five molars as opposed to three in all other non-monotreme australosphenidans, and having non-tribosphenic molars, meaning that monotremes and non-monotreme australosphenidans were likely unrelated.[8] Later, Flannery and coauthors suggested that the core grouping of australosphenidans (excluding monotremes) were actually stem-therians as members of Tribosphenida, with the group representing a paraphyletic grade, with Bishopidae more closely related to Theria than to other australosphenidans.[2]
Notes
- .
- ^ S2CID 253323862.
- ^ a b Nicholas Chimento, Frederico Agnolin, Agustin Martinelli, Mesozoic Mammals from South America: Implications for understanding early mammalian faunas from Gondwana, May 2016
- ^ José Bonaparte, On the phylogenetic relationships of Vincelestes neuquenianus, Published online: 17 Sep 2008
- ^ Benton 2005: 300, 306-308.
- ^ Richard Stephen Thompson, Rachel O'Meara, Were There Miocene Meridiolestidans? Assessing the Phylogenetic Placement of Necrolestes patagonensis and the Presence of a 40 Million Year Meridiolestidan Ghost Lineage, Article in Journal of Mammalian Evolution · September 2014 DOI: 10.1007/s10914-013-9252-3
- ^ Rebecca Pian; Michael Archer; Suzanne J. Hand; Robin M.D. Beck; Andrew Cody (2016). "The upper dentition and relationships of the enigmatic Australian Cretaceous mammal Kollikodon ritchiei". Memoirs of Museum Victoria. 74: 97–105.
- ISSN 0311-5518.
References
- ISBN 0-632-05637-1.
- Luo, Zhe-Xi; Cifelli, Richard L.; Kielan-Jaworowska, Zofia (2001). "Dual origin of tribosphenic mammals". Nature. 409 (6816): 53–57. S2CID 4342585.
- Luo, Zhe-Xi; Kielan-Jaworowska, Zofia; Cifelli, Richard L. (2002). "In quest for a phylogeny of Mesozoic mammals" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 47 (1): 1–78.
