Austria–Italy relations

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Austrian-Italian relations
Map indicating locations of Austria and Italy

Austria
Italy

Foreign relations exist between Austria and Italy. Austria has an embassy in Rome, a general consulate in Milan and 10 honorary consulates (in Bari, Bologna, Florence, Genoa, Naples, Palermo, Trieste, Turin, Venice and Verona). Italy has an embassy in Vienna, a consulate in Innsbruck, and 5 honorary consulates (in Graz, Klagenfurt, Bregenz, Linz and Salzburg). Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and of the European Union.

History

Antonio Salieri, Italian composer who worked mainly in Austria. Kapellmeister from 1788 to 1824.

Since the

Italian states, especially in the north of the country. On the other side Italy influenced Austrian culture, architecture and cuisine, many artists and architects such as Santino Solari, Martino Altomonte, Giovanni Zucalli, Vincenzo Scamozzi worked and contributed to the Baroque in Austria and most notable in Salzburg.[1]

Nicolò Pacassi, an Austrian architect of Italian descent.

Since the late Middle Ages, the Italians and Austrians have fought a number of wars, either as enemies or allies. Austria was allied with several Italian states during wars against the Ottoman Empire, e.g. with Tuscany, Mantua, Ferrara, Savoy and the Papal States in the war of 1593–1606, and with Venice in the wars of 1684–1699 and 1716–1718. Austria and the Republic of Venice warred against each other in the Uskok War of 1615–1618.

Since the 18th century,

Duchy of Parma.[4] During the War of the Austrian Succession, Austria fought against the Republic of Genoa and Duchy of Modena and Reggio, and even briefly occupied Genoa and Modena, however per the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle from 1748, the Austrians withdrew from both countries, and also lost Parma. In 1797, in accordance to the Treaty of Campo Formio, Austria lost Milan and Mantua to the newly formed Cisalpine Republic, but gained a portion of the Republic of Venice, which was partitoned between Austria and France,[5] with the Austrian-annexed part forming the new Venetian Province. In 1803, the prince-bishoprics of Trent and Brixen were annexed into Austrian-ruled Tyrol. In 1805, Austria lost the Venetian Province to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, and Trento and Brixen to Bavaria,[6] and the latter two eventually also passed to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy in 1810. After the Congress of Vienna, in 1815, Venice, Milan, Mantua, Trento and Brixen fell again to Austria, with the former three included in the newly formed Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, and the latter two reannexed into Tyrol
.

Austrian rule in northern Italy created the conditions in which Italian

Wars of Italian Independence between 1848 and 1866 ultimately leading to Italian victory. The Italian struggle against Austria is mentioned in the national anthem of Italy, written in 1847. Tensions remained throughout the 1870s as continued Austrian rule over Italian inhabited lands such as in Trentino and Istria, inflamed Italian nationalism which in turn threatened Austrian integrity; as a result the Austrians built further fortifications along the Italian border.[7] In 1876, the Austrian Archduke Albrecht advocated a preventive war against Italy.[8]

Despite entering into the

Count Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, chief of the Austrian general staff, was advocating a military strike against Austria's supposed Italian allies.[11]

During World War I, Italy fought against Austria-Hungary despite their defensive alliance signed some decades earlier. By World War I's end, Italy emerged victorious and gained territories from Austria, incl. Trento, Brixen and Trieste, and border agreements were secured. During World War II, since 1943, Italian prisoners of war were among Allied POWs held in German POW camps operated in German-annexed Austria, such as Stalag XVII-A, Stalag XVII-B, Stalag XVIII-A, Stalag 317/XVIII-C, Stalag 398 and Oflag XVIII-A.[12]

Today

Matteo Renzi with Werner Faymann

Both countries are full members of the

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, of the European Union and of the Council of Europe
. The countries share 420 km of common borders. Austrian Interior Minister Herbert Kickl said on June 5, 2018 that Italy is a strong ally of Austria.[13]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Stile Barocco in Austria" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-08-06.
  2. ^ "War of the Spanish Succession". Britannica. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  3. ^ "Quadruple Alliance". Britannica. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  4. ^ "War of the Polish Succession". Britannica. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  5. ^ "Treaty of Campo Formio". The Napoleon Series. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  6. ^ "Le traité de paix de Presbourg, 26 décembre 1805". Napoleon.org (in French). Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  7. ISBN 978-0-911198-41-6
    .
  8. ^ Rothenburg 1976, p. 99.
  9. ^ Rothenburg 1976, p. 124-25.
  10. ^ Rothenburg 1976, p. 152.
  11. ^ Rothenburg 1976, p. 163.
  12. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1
    .
  13. ^ "Italy big ally - Austria's Kickl (3) - English". ANSA.it. 5 June 2018.

External links

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