Austro-Polish War
Austro-Polish War | |||||||||
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Part of the War of the Fifth Coalition | |||||||||
Polish forces stops Austrian advance at Raszyn | |||||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||||
Duchy of Warsaw Kingdom of Saxony Supported by First French Empire | Austrian Empire | ||||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
Józef Poniatowski Dmitry Golitsyn | Archduke Ferdinand | ||||||||
Strength | |||||||||
14,200–16,000 (initially)[1] | 38,000 (initially)[2] |
The Austro-Polish War or Polish-Austrian War was a part of the
The war
The Army of the Duchy of Warsaw was weakened as the French corps garrisoning it were sent to Spain in 1808, and only the duchy's own Polish forces remained in it.[3] With the start of the War of the Fifth Coalition, an Austrian corps under Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph of Austria-Este invaded the territory of the Duchy of Warsaw on 14 April 1809, engaging the Polish defenders soldiers under Prince Józef Poniatowski).[3]
After the
In a series of battles (
In the following weeks
Eventually the Austrian main army under Archduke Ferdinand, unable to push further on the left bank, and in danger of having its supply lines cut by Poniatowski, was forced to abandon the siege of Toruń, abandon Warsaw itself (on 1 June) and move south, planning to engage the Polish army to the south in Galicia and at some point merge with the main Austrian army operating further to the west.[3][4] Poniatowski decided not to engage the Austrian forces, concentrating instead on taking as much of Galicia as possible.[3][4]
On 3 June,
The Austrians managed to defeat Zajączek at the Battle of Jedlińsk on 11 June and took back Sandomierz (on 18 June) and Lwów, but were unable to engage Poniatowski, who in the meantime had taken Kielce and Kraków (15 July).[3][4] Zajączek's corps would join up with Poniatowski's on 19 June, and with Dąbrowski's and Sokolnicki's on 3 and 4 July.[4] The Austrians were finally intercepted and defeated by the French at the Battle of Wagram (5 July – 6 July).[3]
Austrian Order of Battle
On 5 July 1809, the Austrian forces operating in Poland numbered 18,700 infantry, 2,400 cavalry, and 66 artillery pieces. The total of 23,200 troops were organized into 26 infantry battalions and 28 squadrons in 4 cavalry regiments. The order of battle is listed below.[7]
VII Armeekorps:
- Artillery Reserve: Commander unknown
- Two 12-pdr position batteries (12 guns)
- 6-pdr position battery (6 guns)
- 3-pdr cavalry battery (6 guns)
- Division: Feldmarschall-Leutnant Johann Friedrich von Mohr
- Divisional Artillery: 3-pdr cavalry battery (6 guns)
- Brigade: General-Major Kelgrer[8]
- 1st Wallachian Grenz InfantryRegiment # 16 (2 battalions)
- Vukassovich Infantry Regiment # 48 (3 battalions)
- 1st Wallachian
- Brigade: Commander unknown
- 2nd Wallachian Grenz Infantry Regiment # 17 (2 battalions)
- Szekler Grenz Hussar Regiment # 11 (8 squadrons)
- Brigade: Commander unknown
- 1st Szekler Grenz Infantry Regiment # 14 (2 battalions)
- 2nd Szekler Grenz Infantry Regiment # 15 (2 battalions)
- 3-pdr brigade battery (8 guns)
- Division: Feldmarschall-Leutnant Ludwig von Mondet[9]
- Divisional Artillery: 6-pdr position battery (6 guns)
- Brigade: General-Major Karl Leopold Civalart d'Happoncourt
- Davidovich Infantry Regiment # 34 (3 battalions)
- Weidenfeld Infantry Regiment # 37 (3 battalions)
- 6-pdr brigade battery (8 guns)
- Brigade: General-Major Franz von Pflacher
- De Ligne Infantry Regiment # 30 (3 battalions)
- Strauch Infantry Regiment # 24 (3 battalions)
- Kottulinsky Infantry Regiment # 41 (3 battalions)
- 6-pdr brigade battery (8 guns)
- Division: Feldmarschall-Leutnant Karl August von Schauroth
- Divisional Artillery: 6-pdr cavalry battery (6 guns)
- Brigade: Commander unknown
- Palatinal Hussar Regiment # 12 (8 squadrons)
- Brigade: Commander unknown
- Somariva Cuirassier Regiment # 5 (6 squadrons)
- Lothringen Cuirassier Regiment # 7 (6 squadrons)
Aftermath
General Józef Poniatowski became a national hero in Poland following this campaign.[10] He also received a ceremonial saber from Napoleon for his victories.[10]
In the aftermath of the Treaty of Schönbrunn, some of the territory liberated by Polish forces was returned to Austria, however West Galicia was incorporated into the Duchy of Warsaw.[3]
Notes
- ^ Gill 2010, p. 6.
- ^ Gill 2010, p. 4.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Wojna austriacko-polska, WIEM Encyklopedia
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Kamil Rosiak, W sto dziewięćdziesiąt lat po zgonie księcia Pepi..
- ISBN 978-0-88033-565-2.
- ^ Alexander Mikaberidze Non-Belligerent Belligerent Russia and the Franco-Austrian War of 1809, Cairn.Info
- ^ Bowden & Tarbox, pp 169–170
- ^ Smith-Kudrna, Austrian Generals 1792–1815. Kelgrer cannot be found in the Smith-Kudrna list.
- ^ Bowden & Tarbox, pp 169. The authors list "Monda". The Smith-Kudrna spelling was used instead.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-275-94694-4.
References
- Gill, John H. (2010). 1809: Thunder on the Danube - Napoleon's Defeat of the Habsburgs, Vol. 3: Wagram and Znaim. London: Frontline Books. ISBN 978-1848325470.
- (in Polish) Wojna austriacko-polska Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, WIEM Encyklopedia
- (in Polish) Bronisław Pawłowski, Historia wojny polsko-austriackiej 1809 roku, original edition Warszawa 1935, reprinted Bellona, 1999, ISBN 83-11-09035-1
- (in Polish) Kamil Rosiak, W sto dziewięćdziesiąt lat po zgonie księcia Pepi... – część 2, Avatarea, 12/2003
- (in English) Bowden, Scotty & Tarbox, Charlie. Armies on the Danube 1809. Arlington, Texas: Empire Games Press, 1980.
- (in English) napoleon-series.org Austrian Generals 1792–1815 by Digby Smith, compiled by Leopold Kudrna (retrieved 6 Sept 2010). This is an excellent source for the full names of Austrian generals.
- (in English) Cairn.Info Non-Belligerent Belligerent Russia and the Franco-Austrian War of 1809 by Alexander Mikaberidze (retrieved 16 May 2013).
External links
- Media related to Austro-Polish War at Wikimedia Commons