Automotive industry in Slovakia

Since 2007, Slovakia has been the world's largest producer of cars per capita,^[1] with a total of 1 080 000 in 2018^[2] (1,001,520 in 2017 and 1,040,000 in 2016)^[3] cars manufactured alone in a country with 5 million people. With production of more than a million cars in 2016, Slovakia was 20th in the list of worldwide car production by country and the 7th largest car producer in the European Union. Car manufacture is the largest industry in Slovakia with a share of 12% on the Slovak GDP in 2013^[4] which was 41% of industrial production and 26% of Slovakia's export. 80,000 people were employed in the automotive industry in 2014. 1,500 people were employed when Jaguar Land Rover started production in Nitra in 2018.^[5]

History

The "Drndička" was the first automobile to be fully constructed in Slovakia and was constructed by the blacksmith Michal Majer in 1913.^[6] He copied a car owned by the Bulgarian King who was, at that time, travelling through Slovakia.

After World War I Slovakia became a part of the newly formed Czechoslovakia. In the Czech part, the industry had been influenced mostly by Germans - see for example the dispute about the design of the Tatra T97 by Hans Ledwinka vs the Volkswagen Beetle design by Ferdinand Porsche, who was also born in Bohemia (now part of the Czech Republic). The long tradition of Czech car production started in 1897, when the first Czech car (Präsident) was produced in the factory in Kopřivnice (Nesselsdorfer Wagenbaufabriksgesellschaft later Tatra), followed by the first lorry in 1898. Škoda Auto (and its predecessors) is the world's fifth oldest company producing cars and has an unbroken history. The first Škoda motorcycle made its debut in 1899 and in 1905 the firm started manufacturing automobiles. Even before World War II the automotive industry was a significant and advanced part of the economy of the former Czechoslovakia.

Post-war socialist Czechoslovakia restored auto manufacturing with the original brands and became the second largest (after Poland) in the Soviet block outside the USSR. The Czechoslovakian producers

Jawa and ČZ

(motorcycles) all had their production in the present-day Czech Republic, not in Slovakia.

Companies in Slovakia, including

Banovce nad Bebravou

.

However, following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993, the

Volkswagen Slovakia

was established, which was the real beginning of the rapid development of the auto-industry in Slovakia.

The truck manufacturing company Tanax Trucks was established in 2000 in Bánovce nad Bebravou, as a successor to the town's established Tatra truck factory. Several bus manufacturing companies emerged during the 1990s, including

LIAZ company, as well as the company SlovBus in Nové Mesto nad Váhom and Detva (1997-2011). Currently active bus manufacturers are Troliga Bus in Levoča, which began bus design and production in 2009, and inherited some of the assets from its former collaborator, the defunct Novoplan company, and Rošero Spišská Nová Ves

.

Manufacturers

Slovakia is one of the significant European (7th) and World's (20th) automakers, having an annual output of more than 1 million and exports to more than 100 countries. Passenger car manufacturers in Slovakia currently include 4 automobile production plants:

Žilina Plant and Jaguar Land Rover in Nitra

. There are many other tier suppliers.

Domestically owned automotive manufacturers specializing in smaller volume serial production include Tanax Trucks in Bánovce nad Bebravou (focused primarily on military trucks for armed forces contracts) and Troliga Bus in Levoča (focused on urban transit and intercity buses and coaches). The small independent company K-1 Engineering specializes in hand-crafted concept sportscars, their K-1 Attack model.

The company Way Industries a.s. (Inc.), headquartered in Krupina, focuses on the design and manufacturing of construction vehicles (Locust brand loaders and small excavators) and military engineering vehicles (Božena mine-flails and other unmanned remote-controlled vehicles), for the domestic market and exports to the pan-European market.^[7]^[8]^[9] ^[10]