Southern Sudan Autonomous Region (2005–2011)

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Autonomous Government of Southern Sudan
)

Southern Sudan
حكومة جنوب السودان
Ḥukūmat Janūb as-Sūdān
Autonomous region of Sudan
2005–2011
Flag of Southern Sudan
Flag
Emblem of Southern Sudan
Emblem

Map showing Southern Sudan (red) within Sudan (darker brown).
CapitalJuba
Area 
• 2008
644,329 km2 (248,777 sq mi)
Population 
• 2008
8,260,490
Government
 • Type
President
 
• 2005
John Garang
• 2005–2011
Salva Kiir Mayardit
Independence
9 July 2011
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Republic of the Sudan
Republic of South Sudan
Today part of South Sudan

Southern Sudan (

National Congress Party ending the Second Sudanese Civil War. The conflict was Africa's longest running civil war.[1][2]

History

Juba Conference
, to unify northern and southern Sudan.

Civil war

The region was affected by two civil wars since Sudanese independence – the Sudanese government fought the Anyanya rebel army from 1955 to 1972 in the First Sudanese Civil War and then SPLA/M in the Second Sudanese Civil War for almost twenty-one years after the founding of SPLA/M in 1983 – resulting in serious neglect, lack of infrastructural development, and major destruction and displacement. More than 2.5 million people were killed, and more than 5 million were externally displaced while others have been internally displaced, becoming refugees as a result of the civil war and war-related impacts.

Peace agreement and autonomy

On 9 January 2005, a peace treaty was signed in

Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement, feted the treaty, predicting, "This peace agreement will change Sudan forever."[4] The treaty provided for a referendum on South Sudanese independence to be held on 9 January 2011, six years after the original signing. It also divided oil
income evenly between the North and the South.

Use of sharia law continued in the Muslim-majority North, while in Southern Sudan, its authority was devolved to the elected assembly. Southern Sudan ultimately rejected implementation of sharia law.[5] In late 2010, Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir announced that if Southern Sudan voted for independence, Sudan would fully adopt sharia as the basis for law.[6]

President Salva Kiir Mayardit and the SPLA disputed the results of the 2008 Sudanese census, which claimed Southern Sudan accounted for 21 percent of the population. The SPLA insisted that Southern Sudan included closer to one-third of the national population and that Southern Sudanese had been undercounted.[7]

Referendum for independence (2011)

A

Wau and Malakal, three major cities.[11]

Government and politics

The Comprehensive Peace Agreement led to the promulgation of an Interim Constitution of Southern Sudan

Vice-President. Legislative power is vested in the government and the unicameral Southern Sudan Legislative Assembly. The Constitution also provided for an independent judiciary, the highest organ being the Supreme Court
.

Presidents and Vice-Presidents

Colour key (for political parties):
  
Sudan People's Liberation Movement

Presidents of Southern Sudan
Name Portrait Term of office Political party
John Garang de Mabior
9 July 2005 30 July 2005 SPLM
Salva Kiir Mayardit 30 July 2005 9 July 2011 SPLM
Vice Presidents of Southern Sudan
Name Portrait Term of office Political party President
Salva Kiir Mayardit 9 July 2005 30 July 2005 SPLM John Garang de Mabior
Vacant 30 July 2005 11 August 2005 Salva Kiir Mayardit
Riek Machar 11 August 2005 9 July 2011 SPLM

States and counties

Blue Nile
(to hold "popular consultations" in 2011)

The

South Kurdufan
as a whole) and Blue Nile were required to hold "popular consultations".

The autonomous government had authority over the following regions and States of Sudan:

Bahr el Ghazal
Equatoria
Greater Upper Nile

The ten states were further subdivided into 86

counties.

Abyei Area

Abyei Area Administration was established on 31 August 2008.[13]

See also

  • Republic of South Sudan
    , the independent state formed on 9 July 2011.
  • Southern Sudan autonomous region (1972–1983)
    , the autonomous region that existed between 1972 and 1983.

References

  1. ^ Fisher, Jonah (23 October 2005). "South Sudan gets new government". BBC News, United Kingdom. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
  2. ^ "Southern Sudan fragile peace". Thomson Reuters Foundatio. 27 May 2008. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
  3. ^ "Historic Sudan peace accord signed". CNN. 9 January 2005. Archived from the original on 12 October 2010. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
  4. ^ "Quotes from Sudan peace treaty signing ceremony". Sudan Tribune. 9 January 2005. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
  5. ^ Cohen, Reut (15 July 2009). "Sharia Law in Sudan". Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
  6. ^ "Omar al-Bashir: northern Sudan will adopt sharia law if country splits". The Guardian. 19 December 2010. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
  7. ^ "Discontent over Sudan census". News24. 21 May 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
  8. ^ Southern Sudan Referendum 2011 (30 January 2011). "Results for the Referendum of Southern Sudan | Southern Sudan Referendum 2011". Southernsudan2011.com. Retrieved 11 March 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ "Sudan deal to end Abyei clashes". BBC News. 14 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
  10. ^ [1][dead link]
  11. ^ Kron, Josh (23 January 2011). "Southern Sudan Nears a Decision on One Matter: Its New Name". The New York Times.
  12. ^ "The Interim Constitution Of Southern Sudan". 2005. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  13. ^ Ben Cahoon. "The Sudan". Worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 11 March 2016.

External links