Avalon, California
Avalon, California | ||
---|---|---|
FIPS code 06-03274 | | |
GNIS feature ID | 1660283 | |
Website | http://cityofavalon.com/ |
Avalon is the only
In 1919, William Wrigley Jr. gained control of Avalon and oversaw much of its development, including the construction of the landmark Catalina Casino. From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, several different developers tried to develop Avalon into a resort destination community, but most before Wrigley went bankrupt.
The population was 3,460 at the 2020 census. Avalon attracts about 1 million visitors a year and is frequently visited by cruise ships. Before European colonization, the island was inhabited by the Tongva people.
History
Prior to the modern era, Avalon Bay was inhabited by people of the
In the 1860s, German immigrant Augustus William Timms ran a sheep herding business on Catalina Island. One of his vessels, the Rosita, would also ferry pleasure seekers across the channel to Avalon Bay for bathing and fishing. The settlement in Avalon was then referred to as Timms's Landing in his honor. By the summer of 1883, there were thirty tents and three wooden buildings at Timms's Landing.[8]
The first owner to try to develop Avalon Bay into a resort destination was
The sons of Phineas Banning bought the island in 1891 from the Lick estate and established the Santa Catalina Island Company to develop it as a resort. The Banning brothers fulfilled Shatto's dream of making Avalon a resort community. They built a dance pavilion in the center of town, made additions to the Hotel Metropole and steamer-wharf, built an aquarium, and created the Pilgrim Club (a gambling club for men only).[7] Just as the Bannings were anticipating the construction of a new, Hotel Saint Catherine, their efforts were set back on November 29, 1915, when a fire burned half of Avalon's buildings, including six hotels and several clubs.[12] In 1919, due to debt related to the 1915 fire and a general decline in tourism during World War I, the Bannings were forced to sell the island in shares.[7]
In February 1919, chewing gum magnate
Following the death of William Wrigley, Jr. in 1932, his son Philip K. Wrigley took over the Santa Catalina Island Company. Philip continued his father's work in the improvement of the infrastructure of the City of Avalon.[7] During World War II, the island was closed to tourists and used for military training facilities, including a U.S. Maritime Service training facility in Avalon.[16] Catalina's steamships were expropriated for use as troop transports, and the U.S. Maritime Service set up a training facility in Avalon.[7] The Maritime Service announced on September 19, 1945, that the facility would soon be abandoned and all apprentice seaman on the west coast trained aboard three ocean-going vessels at Long Beach.[17]
In 1975, Philip Wrigley deeded the Wrigley shares in the Santa Catalina Island Company to the Catalina Island Conservancy that he had helped create. The Conservancy now stewards 88 percent of the island, primarily outside of the City of Avalon.[18] The Santa Catalina Island Company maintains control of much of its resort properties and operations within the City of Avalon. It still owns and operates many of the main tourist attractions in Avalon, including the Catalina Visitors Country Club, Catalina Island Golf Course, Descanso Beach Club and the Casino Ballroom.[19]
In May 2007, the Island Fire burned 4,750 acres (19.2 km2) of land just outside Avalon's city limits. Over 200 firefighting recruits were brought over by U.S. Marine hovercraft and helicopter to protect the city. Ultimately, only one residence and six commercial structures were destroyed.[20][21]
In February 2011, water regulators cited the city for letting tens of thousands of gallons of sewage reach the ocean in six spills since 2005. A report in June 2011 by the Natural Resources Defense Council listed Avalon as having one of the 10 most chronically polluted beaches in the United States. The pollution was caused by the city's sewer system, made of century-old clay and metal pipes. By 2011, the city had spent $3.5 million testing and rehabilitating sewer lines, but the water was no cleaner.[22] In February 2012, a cease and desist order was issued against the city for illegally discharging polluted water into the bay. After the cease and desist order, the city invested an additional $5.7 million on sewer main improvements and inspection and tracking systems. As a result of these efforts, the 2014 report showed that water quality had improved, and Avalon Beach was removed from the list of the most polluted beaches.[23][24]
In the 2010s, the Santa Catalina Island Company began a series of projects to upgrade the tourist amenities in Avalon, including the installation of a zip line at Descanso Beach.[25] By 2014, the Santa Catalina Island Company was working on a number of redevelopment and remodeling projects, including a spa, aquatic facility, community center, new hotel, and 120 new homes. The largest project was a new $6-million museum building on Metropole Street to replace the old location in the Casino building. Some community members, including a member of the City Council, expressed concerns about the pace of the changes to the town.[26]
Geography
Avalon is located on
Cityscape
The City of Avalon is oriented around Avalon Bay, with the harbor and beaches forming the center of the town's activity. The Cabrillo Mole, located at the south end of the harbor, acts both as a breakwater and the main docks for the cross-channel passenger boats.
Outside of the bay and just north of the Casino is Descanso Beach, a private beach, entertainment and meetings venue run by the Santa Catalina Island Company.[31] At the farthest north end of town are the Hamilton Cove condominiums, a gated community consisting mostly of second homes.[32] South of the bay is Lovers Cove dive park, a marine reserve frequented by both snorkelers and the classic glass-bottom boat tours.[33] Further south still is Pebbly Beach, an industrial area home to the Pebbly Beach Seaplane Base & Heliport[34] and Pebbly Beach Generating Station, where Avalon gets its power.[35]
Most of the residential units in Avalon are tucked away off of the beachfront, either in the flat lands further back into the canyon or on the hills that constitute the sides of Avalon Valley. Many of the major municipal amenities are located even further into the canyon, including City Hall, the fire station, the Catalina Island Medical Center, and Avalon Schools. The William Wrigley Jr. Summer Cottage, also known as Mount Ada, is now a hotel. The Wrigley Memorial and Botanical Gardens are located at the farthest end of town away from the bay.[36] The Memorial prominently features native Catalina Island building materials, including the famous pottery and tile that were made on the island from 1927 through 1937.[37]
Climate
Avalon has a semi-arid climate (Koppen: BSk), with mild temperatures year-round. The National Weather Service maintained a cooperative station at the Avalon Pleasure Pier from 1909 through 1988. Average January temperatures are a maximum of 64.6 °F (18.1 °C) and a minimum of 49.3 °F (9.6 °C) and average August temperatures are a maximum of 75.4 °F (24.1 °C) and a minimum of 64.1 °F (17.8 °C). The highest recorded temperature was 105.1 °F (40.6 °C) on July 6, 2018, during a major Southern California heatwave,[38] and the lowest recorded temperature was 29 °F (−2 °C) on January 2, 1973.[39]
Annual average precipitation is 11.88 inches (30.2 cm) and there are 34 days with measurable precipitation. The wettest year was 1983 with 34.54 inches (87.7 cm) and the driest year was 1953 with 4.10 inches (10.4 cm). The most rainfall in one month was 11.68 inches (29.7 cm) in May 1921. The most rainfall in 24 hours was 6.75 inches (17.1 cm) on October 22, 1941. Weather records are still maintained at the Santa Catalina airport.[39]
Climate data for Avalon, California (Avalon Pleasure Pier) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 87 (31) |
83 (28) |
87 (31) |
90 (32) |
90 (32) |
97 (36) |
105.1 (40.6) |
90 (32) |
104 (40) |
95 (35) |
89 (32) |
85 (29) |
105.1 (40.6) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 64.6 (18.1) |
64.2 (17.9) |
65.3 (18.5) |
67.6 (19.8) |
69.2 (20.7) |
71.1 (21.7) |
74.0 (23.3) |
75.4 (24.1) |
75.0 (23.9) |
72.7 (22.6) |
68.2 (20.1) |
64.7 (18.2) |
69.3 (20.7) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 49.3 (9.6) |
50.3 (10.2) |
51.8 (11.0) |
53.9 (12.2) |
56.8 (13.8) |
59.5 (15.3) |
62.2 (16.8) |
64.1 (17.8) |
63.1 (17.3) |
59.1 (15.1) |
53.0 (11.7) |
49.3 (9.6) |
56.0 (13.3) |
Record low °F (°C) | 29 (−2) |
32 (0) |
37 (3) |
37 (3) |
32 (0) |
36 (2) |
45 (7) |
45 (7) |
41 (5) |
37 (3) |
37 (3) |
30 (−1) |
29 (−2) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.76 (70) |
2.51 (64) |
2.36 (60) |
0.61 (15) |
0.12 (3.0) |
0.01 (0.25) |
0 (0) |
0.09 (2.3) |
0.28 (7.1) |
0.22 (5.6) |
1.10 (28) |
1.82 (46) |
11.88 (302) |
Source: http://www.wrcc.dri.edu[40] |
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1920 | 586 | — | |
1930 | 1,897 | 223.7% | |
1940 | 1,637 | −13.7% | |
1950 | 1,506 | −8.0% | |
1960 | 1,536 | 2.0% | |
1970 | 1,520 | −1.0% | |
1980 | 2,022 | 33.0% | |
1990 | 2,918 | 44.3% | |
2000 | 3,127 | 7.2% | |
2010 | 3,728 | 19.2% | |
2020 | 3,460 | −7.2% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[41] |
2010
The
The Census reported that 3,721 people (99.8% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 7 (0.2%) were institutionalized.
There were 1,473 households, out of which 488 (33.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 641 (43.5%) were
The population was spread out, with 960 people (25.8%) under the age of 18, 316 people (8.5%) aged 18 to 24, 953 people (25.6%) aged 25 to 44, 1,093 people (29.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 406 people (10.9%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.6 males.
There were 2,266 housing units at an average density of 771.5 per square mile (297.9/km2), of which 383 (26.0%) were owner-occupied, and 1,090 (74.0%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 4.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 10.7%. 801 people (21.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 2,920 people (78.3%) lived in rental housing units.
According to the 2010 United States Census, Avalon had a median household income of $65,433, with 12.5% of the population living below the federal poverty line.[43]
2000
As of the
There were 1,158 households, out of which 38.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.0% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.9% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.38.[43]
In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.3% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.2 males.[43]
The median income for a household in the city was $39,327, and the median income for a family was $46,406. Males had a median income of $30,789 versus $24,643 for females. The
Economy
Avalon is a resort community and has a primarily tourist-based economy. As of 2016, 38.4% of the employed population worked in the arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation and food services industries. An additional 13% worked in retail trade and 7% in real estate, rental, and leasing. Other major sources of employment in Avalon included education and healthcare (8%), construction (3%), transportation and warehousing (9%), and other services except public administration (8%)[43] Overall, there were a total of 202 establishments with a combined annual payroll of $90 million as of 2012.[43] The Love Catalina Island Tourism Authority operates as the official Destination Marketing Organization (DMO) for the island and hosts a Visitor Center open 364 days a year on the Green Pleasure Pier.[44]
The city's poverty rate is 14.0% and the number of families in poverty stands at 11.9%.[43] The unemployment rate stood at 3.7% as of October 2014, compared to 7.9% in Los Angeles County as a whole.[45]
Government
The municipal government of the City of Avalon is of the council–manager type. The Mayor is elected to serve a two-year term while the City Councilors are elected to four-year terms. The City Manager is the executive officer of the city and is appointed directly by the City Council. The new City Hall was completed June 8, 2004. It contains local government offices as well as the council chambers.[2]
In the
The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department (LASD) operates the Avalon Station in Avalon.[46] Several deputies are stationed on the island full-time with additional units brought from the mainland on an as-needed and seasonal basis. The city has its own full-time and volunteer fire departments for incidents within the city limits, while the Los Angeles County Fire Department serves the rest of the island.
The United States Postal Service Avalon Post Office (ZIP 90704) is located at 118 Metropole Street.[50]
Politics
Avalon has voted for Democrats in the last four presidential elections, and has also displayed some independent leanings.[51] In 2016, both Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton received a lower percentage of the vote than the previous nominees of their respective parties had received.[52][53] In 1992, independent candidate Ross Perot carried the city with 323 votes to George H.W. Bush's 315.[54]
Year | Democratic | Republican | Third Parties
|
---|---|---|---|
2020[51] | 59.40% 856 | 37.89% 546 | 2.70% 39 |
2016[52] | 52.24% 629 | 40.61% 489 | 7.14% 86 |
2012[53] | 56.42% 650 | 40.89% 471 | 2.69% 31 |
2008[55] | 53.80% 693 | 42.70% 550 | 3.50% 45 |
2004[56] | 48.41% 7,427 | 50.24% 7,709 | 1.35% 207 |
2000[57] | 43.97% 405 | 45.82% 422 | 10.21% 94 |
1996[58] | 36.78% 430 | 44.14% 516 | 19.07% 223 |
1992[54] | 29.14% 264 | 34.77% 315 | 36.09% 327 |
1988[59] | 40.24% 388 | 59.40% 562 | 1.45% 14 |
1984[60] | 31.52% 272 | 67.09% 579 | 1.39% 12 |
1980[61] | 28.25% 252 | 60.31% 538 | 11.43% 102 |
1976[62] | 31.97% 273 | 64.52% 551 | 3.51% 30 |
1972[63] | 28.17% 258 | 69.10% 633 | 2.73% 25 |
1968[64] | 40.96% 299 | 50.96% 372 | 8.08% 59 |
1964[65] | 51.60% 370 | 48.40% 347 |
Education
There are two
For
Children in Avalon have one other option for elementary education. Children may also study at the private Avalon Christian School, located on 346 Catalina Avenue.[71] Students then attend Avalon Schools for junior high and high school education. In 2014, LBUSD closed their long-time one-room school, Two Harbors Elementary School, at Two Harbors in unincorporated Los Angeles County, citing that just two 4th grade students remained within Two Harbors.
Transportation
Several
The main method of transportation within the city is by small gasoline or electric powered motorcars referred to locally as "autoettes". These include numerous
In popular culture
- The city was the inspiration for the 1920 popular song Avalon, sung by Al Jolson.
- It is the port of embarkation for the narrator in the Crosby, Stills, & Nash song Southern Cross
- The 10-year-old protagonist of Nell Zink's novel, Avalon (2022), visits the island with her mother.
Gallery
-
Overlooking the Avalon Harbor from the mountains above
-
Catalina Island Yacht Club in Avalon, est. 1924
-
Avalon Harbor from behind the Chimes Tower, est. 1925
-
Tuna, Caught with Rod and Reel at Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, CA
-
Stereoscopic card, Bird's Eye View of Avalon Bay, Catalina Island, California, 1906
References
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Coates, Carole (July 2007). Catalina Island Pottery & Tile: Island Treasures 1927–1937. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-1401-8. Retrieved August 28, 2009.
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External links
- Official website
- The Catalina Island Chamber of Commerce
- The Santa Catalina Island Company
- Geographic data related to Avalon, California at OpenStreetMap