Avengers (comics)
The Avengers | |
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Publication information | |
Publisher | Marvel Comics |
First appearance | The Avengers #1 (September 1963) |
Created by | Stan Lee (writer/editor) Jack Kirby (artist/co-plotter) |
In-story information | |
Base(s) |
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Member(s) |
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Roster | |
See: List of Avengers members |
The Avengers are a team of superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist/co-plotter Jack Kirby. The team made its debut in The Avengers #1 (cover-dated September 1963). Labeled "Earth's Mightiest Heroes", the original Avengers consisted of Iron Man, Ant-Man, Hulk, Thor and the Wasp. Captain America was discovered trapped in ice in issue #4, and joined the group after they revived him.
The Avengers are an all-star ensemble cast of established superhero characters from the Marvel Comics portfolio. Diegetically, these superheroes usually operate independently but occasionally assemble as a team to tackle especially formidable villains. This in contrast to certain other superhero teams such as the X-Men, whose characters were created specifically to be part of their team, with the team being central to their identity. The Avengers were created to create a new line of books to sell and to cross-promote Marvel Comics characters. An Iron Man fan might buy an Avengers book because Iron Man appears in them, and perhaps in turn take an interest in Thor, who appears in the same book as Iron Man's friend and comrade.[2] The cast usually features a few highly popular characters who have their own solo books, such as Iron Man, alongside a number of lesser-known characters who benefit from exposure, such as Quicksilver.[3]
The Avengers have appeared in a wide variety of media outside of comic books, including several different animated television series and direct-to-video films. Beginning in 2008, they were adapted in a film series from Marvel Studios, known as the Marvel Cinematic Universe, culminating with The Avengers in 2012, with more appearances of the team in subsequent films.
Publication history
The team debuted in
Other spinoff series include West Coast Avengers, initially published as a four-issue miniseries in 1984, followed by a 102-issue series (Oct. 1985–Jan. 1994), retitled Avengers West Coast with #47;[5][6] and the 40-issue Solo Avengers (Dec.1987–Jan. 1991), retitled Avengers Spotlight with #21.[7][8]
Between 1996 and 2004, Marvel relaunched the primary Avengers title three times. In 1996, the "
The Avengers vol. 3 ran for 84 issues from February 1998 to August 2004. Early issues were written by
Following the conclusion of No Surrender in 2018, the series was relaunched again as Avengers.[16]
Fictional history
1960s
When the
The roster changed almost immediately; in the second issue (November 1963), Ant-Man became Giant-Man, and at the end of the issue, the Hulk left once he realized how much the others feared his unstable personality.[19] Captain America joined the team in issue #4 (March 1964),[20][21] and he was given "founding member" status in the Hulk's place.[22] The Hulk, upset about being replaced by Captain America and the apparent betrayal by Rick, sought revenge against the Avengers, who teamed up with the Fantastic Four to stop him in The Fantastic Four #26 (May 1964).[23] The Avengers went on to fight foes such as Baron Zemo, who formed the Masters of Evil,[24] Kang the Conqueror,[25][26] Wonder Man,[27][28] and Count Nefaria.[29][30]
The next milestone came when every member but Captain America resigned; they were replaced by three former villains:
The Avengers headquarters was in a New York City building called
The prequel comic Avengers #1 1/2 (Dec. 1999), by writer Roger Stern and artist Bruce Timm, told a retro-style story taking place between issues #1 and #2, detailing Ant-Man's decision to transform himself into Giant-Man.[48]
1970s
The team encountered new characters such as
Other classic storylines included "
1980s
The first major development was the breakdown of Henry Pym,[85] with his frequent changes of costume and name being symptomatic of an identity problem and an inferiority complex. After he abused his wife, failed to win back the confidence of the Avengers with a ruse and was duped by the villain Egghead, Pym was jailed.[86] Pym would later outwit Egghead and defeated the latest incarnation of the Masters of Evil single-handedly, and proved his innocence.[87] Pym reconciled with the Wasp, but they decided to remain apart.[88] Pym retired from super-heroics,[88] but returned years later.[89]
This was followed by several major storylines, such as "Ultimate Vision" in which the Vision took over the world's computer systems in a misguided attempt to create world peace;
The villain
The Avengers and West Coast Avengers changed to allow members to be active when available and reserved when not available and merged the two separate Avengers teams into one team with two bases.
1990s
The U.S. government revoked the Avengers' New York State charter in a treaty with the Soviet Union. The Avengers then received a charter from the United Nations and the Avengers split into two teams again with a substitute reserve team backing up the main teams.[111]
At this point, ongoing storylines and character development focused on the Black Knight,
This culminated in "Operation: Galactic Storm", a 19-part storyline that ran through all Avengers-related titles and showcased a conflict between the Kree and the Shi'ar Empire.[113] The team split when Iron Man and several dissidents executed the Supreme Intelligence against the wishes of Captain America. After a vote disbanded the West Coast Avengers, Iron Man formed a proactive and aggressive team called Force Works.[114] During the team's first mission, Wonder Man was killed again, though his atoms were temporarily scattered. Force Works later disbanded after it was revealed that Iron Man became a murderer via the manipulations of the villain Kang,[115] the same storyline seeing Iron Man sacrificing himself and being replaced by his teenage counterpart from a parallel timeline.
During the
The previous continuity of the
After the Heroes Reborn series concluded, the Avengers comic was restarted with vol. 3 #1 written by
2000s
The Avengers were granted international authority by the United Nations. Members joining during that period included
A new Avengers team formed, in the series New Avengers after a group of heroes banded together to thwart a break-out at super-villain prison the Raft, composed of Iron Man, Captain America, Luke Cage, Wolverine, Ronin, Spider-Man,[124] Spider-Woman, and the mysterious Sentry.[125] This was soon followed by the House of M event.
In the company-wide "
Iron Man, in the series
In The Mighty Avengers, Pym, assumed the Wasp identity in tribute to his fallen ex-wife, led a new team of Avengers, and claimed the name for his team as he was the only founding Avenger on any of the three active Avengers rosters (Wasp and Cap were dead, Thor was acting solo, and Iron Man was on the run from Osborn). His team operated under a multinational umbrella group, the Global Reaction Agency for Mysterious Paranormal Activity (GRAMPA). This team featured the roster of
was a recurring character. Iron Man and the Hulk were briefly with them.2010s
After Osborn's Dark Avengers are exposed as criminals and their attack on Asgard was thwarted, the next iteration of the Avengers roster consists of
A second series, titled Secret Avengers, was released in May 2010, written by Ed Brubaker with Mike Deodato as the regular artist.[129] The second volume of the New Avengers series was launched in June 2010, written by Bendis and drawn by Stuart Immonen.[130] A fourth title, Avengers Academy, was launched in June 2010, replacing Avengers: The Initiative. Christos Gage served as writer, with Mike McKone as artist.[131]
Following a meeting between Rogers and MI-13, Captain Britain accepts a position with the Avengers.[132] Noh-Varr later does as well.[133] Bruce Banner made arrangements with Rogers for the Red Hulk to join.[134][135]
The "
Following the destruction and reconstruction of reality in the 2015 "Secret Wars" storyline, a new team is created known as Avengers Idea Mechanics, set to tackle Avengers-level threats beyond simply fighting villains, while the Avengers Unity Squad continues to operate to support mutant relations. Iron Man forms a new team of Avengers in the All-New All-Different Avengers series consisting of himself, the Vision, Nova (Sam Alexander), Ms. Marvel, Spider-Man (Miles Morales), Captain America (Sam Wilson), and Thor (Jane Foster).[143] Following the "Civil War II", storyline, the title was canceled and replaced with a new volume of the regular Avengers title. The roster was also changed, where following Iron Man being placed in a coma, and Spider-Man (Miles Morales), Nova, and Ms. Marvel's resignation from the team (who instead teamed up with other heroes their own age to form their own group the Champions[144]), the remaining three members are paired up with Spider-Man (Peter Parker), Hercules and Wasp (Nadia Pym) to form a new team.[145]
During the 2017 "
In May 2018, another volume for the series was launched as part of Marvel's
2020s
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2024) |
Team roster
The Avengers team lineup is known for being perpetually fluid and changing, with many members coming and going, often more than once. The founding members of the team were
There are also numerous splinter teams that have formed, starting with the West Coast Avengers in 1984. Each of these splinter teams tends to specialize in a way the main team does not. Members of these teams can be on other splinter teams or on the main team. These teams are, in alphabetical order:
- A-Force: An all-female team formed after the Secret Wars event.
- Avengers A.I.: A team consisting of people with various artificial intelligence-related abilities.
- Avengers Academy: A school for teenage superheroes who served as Avengers members and received training from full-time Avengers members. The school was shut down shortly after the events of Avengers Arena.
- Avengers Unity Division: A team meant to bridge the gap between humans, mutates, and mutants following Avengers vs. X-Men by including members of all groups. Their mission statement was later expanded to include Inhumans.
- Avengers World: A team that specializes in international protection following the disbandment of the U.S.Avengers; not to be confused with the comic book of the same name.
- Great Lakes Avengers: A farcical team consisting of low-level heroes living in Wisconsin.
- Mighty Avengers:
- A team formed by Iron Man as part of the Fifty-States Initiative, which was broken apart after the events of Secret Invasion.
- A team formed by Hank Pym after the previous Mighty Avengers collapsed.
- A team formed by Luke Cage to deal with more street-level threats in response to the latest invasion by Thanos. It was shut down by Iron Man during the AXIS event.
- New Avengers:
- A team created after the disbandment of the main team to replace them. This team was known for including more prestigious Marvel superheroes, such as Spider-Man, Wolverine, and Daredevil, and disbanded after the retirement of its leader, Luke Cage.
- A team formed by Sunspot after he purchased and reformed Advanced Idea Mechanics.
- A similar team to Sunspot's, going by the name "Avengers Idea Mechanics".
- Savage Avengers: A team consisting of supernatural and/or antiheroic members.
- Secret Avengers:
- A black operation team formed by Steve Rogers.
- Another undercover team formed by S.H.I.E.L.D.
- U.S.Avengers: A patriotic-themed team.
- War Avengers: A temporary team formed during The War of the Realms event.
- West Coast Avengers: A team formed by Vision to expand the Avengers' reach.
- Young Avengers: A team consisting of teenage and young adult heroes.
Of these teams, only the main team, Avengers World, the Great Lakes Avengers, the Savage Avengers, and the Young Avengers are currently active. Additionally, all members of the Fantastic Four, as well as various members of the X-Men, Heroes for Hire, and other prominent Marvel teams have served as members of the Avengers.
Enemies
The Avengers have a long list of villains they frequently face.
Some of the most recurring include Ultron, Kang the Conqueror, Loki and Thanos.
Cultural impact and legacy
Critical response
Abraham Josephine Riesman of
Poushali Guharauth of
Impact
Most of the characters that appear in Marvel Comics' books are set in the same fictional universe, known as the Marvel Universe. They occasionally make guest appearances in each other's books, and more regularly in team books, such as The Avengers. Such crossovers encouraged readers to buy other books in the Marvel Comics catalogue, and readers became engrossed not just in the individual characters but in their web of relationships across the broader setting. DC Comics pioneered this idea with the Justice Society of America and the Justice League, likewise promoting and developing the DC Universe. Many readers devoted themselves to just one of these two comic book universes. After all, they were both quite large and didn't overlap. Thus, the superhero fan community developed sub-communities of DC devotees and Marvel devotees.[2]
Marvel Cinematic Universe
As of June 2022, the MCU is the highest-grossing film franchise in history, having collectively grossed over $26 billion in box-office revenue, more than twice that by the second largest franchise, Star Wars.[160]
Theme park attractions
Avengers Campus
After the acquisition by Disney in 2009, Marvel films began to be marketed at the
From May to September 2017, Disneyland Resort featured the "Summer of Heroes", which sees members of the Guardians and Avengers making appearances throughout the Disneyland Resort. Additionally, the Guardians of the Galaxy: Awesome Dance Off event was featured, which involved Peter Quill / Star-Lord blasting music from his boombox, along with the Avengers Training Initiative, a limited experience where Black Widow and Hawkeye "assemble a group of young recruits to see if they have what it takes to be an Avenger." Marvel-related food and merchandise was also available throughout Hollywood Land at Disney California Adventure during the "Summer of Heroes".[164]
In March 2018, the Walt Disney Company announced three new Marvel-themed areas inspired by the MCU to Disney California Adventure,
Walt Disney Studios Park
In March 2018, the Walt Disney Company announced a new Marvel-themed area inspired by the MCU to Disneyland Paris' Walt Disney Studios Park. The area includes a reimagined attraction where riders team up with Iron Man and other Avengers on a "hyper-kinetic adventure" on July 20, 2022.[166] The park also hosted the "Summer of Super Heroes" live-action stage show from June–September 2018.[167]
Avengers: Quantum Encounter
In July 2021, the immersive family dining experience "Avengers: Quantum Encounter" at the Worlds of Marvel restaurant on the Disney Wish cruise line was announced, which debuted when the cruise began voyages on July 14, 2022.
Avengers S.T.A.T.I.O.N.
In May 2014, the Avengers S.T.A.T.I.O.N. (Scientific Training and Tactical Intelligence Operative Network) exhibit opened at the
The exhibit also opened in
Avengers: Damage Control
In October 2019, Marvel Studios and
Other versions
1950s Avengers
A short-lived team of superheroes in the 1950s called themselves the Avengers. It consisted of
Age of Apocalypse
A humanized version of the Avengers banded together during the Age of Apocalypse and were known as the Human High Council.[187][188]
Avengers 1959
The
Avengers (1,000,000 B.C. version)
In the one-shot issue that ties in with "
Avengers (1000 A.D. version)
During the 11th century, it is revealed that Thor had formed that time period's version of the Avengers with Boldof the Black, the Black Panther
Avengers Forever
One of the timelines seen in
Avengers Next
In the alternate future timeline known as MC2, the Avengers disbanded and Avengers Mansion was a museum. An emergency forced Edwin Jarvis to sound an alert, and a new generation of heroes formed a new team of Avengers. Most of the new Avengers were children of established Marvel superheroes.
House of M: Avengers
In an alternate reality which was created by the Scarlet Witch, the Avengers were a street gang of superpowered humans formed by Luke Cage in Hell's Kitchen, a human ghetto in the mutant-ruled reality. Although they were initially criminals, the disenfranchised human residents came to view the Avengers as their protectors and would often go to Cage when the mutant authorities refused to help them.[194]
Marvel 2099
In Marvel 2099, the Avengers were mentioned in this timeline where it was mentioned that Captain America, Thor, Iron Man, and Hulk were known members.[195]
On the unified reality of Earth-2099, there was a group of Avengers that consisted of Black Widow, Black Widow 2098, Cable, Captain America, Daredevil (Samuel Fisk), Frankenstein's Monster, a 2099 version of Grey Hulk, Iron Man, Moon Knight, Phastos, Relur, Roman the Sub-Mariner, Strange, and Thor.[196] When Doom 2099 brought an end of the Heroic Age, it had affected the Avengers in different ways.[197] Black Widow 2098, Daredevil, Frankenstein's Monster, Grey Hulk, Phastos, Relur, Roman the Sub-Mariner, Strange were killed by the 2099 version of Masters of Evil. Cable and Moon Knight survived with the latter forming the 2099 version of the New Avengers who successfully avenged the fallen Avengers by defeating the Masters of Evil and having them remanded to a prison on the planet Wakanda.[198]
Marvel Zombies
The Avengers existed as a team prior to a zombie contagion's arrival in the original Marvel Zombies universe and resembled their pre-disassembled roster. When several of their members were infected, they set about eating humanity and sent out a bogus "Avengers Assemble" call to draw super-humans to the Avengers Mansion, infected more heroes and thus spread the virus. The team fell apart and many of its members were killed as time passed.[199]
The second team of zombie Avengers appeared in Marvel Zombies Return, set in another timeline where the original zombies had been sent after the final battle. That team was brought together to find food and kill any resistance (zombie or uninfected) and was led by
Secret Wars
During the "Secret Wars" storyline, the different domains of Battleworld have different versions of the Avengers:
- In the Battleworld domain of Spider-Island, the Avengers were taken over by the same spider-virus turning them into Man-Spiders that obeyed the Spider-Queen's every command. It took a combination of Man-Wolf's gemstone, Morbius the Living Vampire's serum, the Lizard serum, and the Goblin formula to free some of the Avengers. After the Spider-Queen was defeated, Spider-Island is now a domain filled with Man-Spiders, Dinosaur People, Lizard People, Bird People, Vampires, and Werewolves.[201]
- In the Battleworld domain of the Regency, Hawkeye has kept the Avengers alive in S.H.I.E.L.D. after most of its members and other known superheroes were defeated by Regent.[202]
- In the Battleworld domain of Marville, the Avengers are children and consist of Captain America, Black Widow, Captain marvel, Falcon, Hawkeye, Hulk, Iron Man, Nick Fury, Scarlet Witch, She-Hulk, Spider-Man, Thor, Vision, and War Machine.[203]
- In the Battleworld domain of the Kingdom of Manhattan, elements of Earth-616 and Earth-1610 helped to make this domain which caused a new reality that is a fusion of both with characters from both realities co-existing. The Avengers consisted of Captain America (Sam Wilson), Captain America (Steve Rogers), Black Widow, Hawkeye, Hulk's Doc Green form, Iron Man, Ms. Marvel, Spider-Man, Thor, War Machine, Wasp, Wonder Man, and the Unity Division (Rogue, Quicksilver, Sabretooth, Scarlet Witch, and Vision) while the Ultimates consisted of Ben Grimm, Captain America, Hawkeye, Human Torch, Invisible Woman, Iron Man, and Thor.[204]
- In the Battleworld domain of the City, the Holy Wood section of it has its version of the Avengers led by Baron Simon Williams and consists of Black Panther, Black Widow, Captain Marvel, Hercules, Jocasta, Moondragon, Vision, and Yellowjacket.[205]
- In the Battleworld domain of 2099, the Avengers are a team of corporate superheroes sponsored by Alchemax. The group consists of Captain America (a Latina woman named Roberta Mendez), Black Widow (an African-American woman named Tania), Iron Man (a dwarf named Sonny Frisco), Hawkeye (a human/hawk hybrid named Max), and Hercules.[206]
- In the Battleworld domain of the Walled City of New York, the Avengers are allied with S.H.I.E.L.D.'s part of the domain and consist of Captain America, Hulk, Iron Man, Rage, Scarlet Witch, She-Hulk, Spider-Man, and Thor.[207]
Ultimate Marvel
In the
A Black Ops team called the Avengers debuted sometime after the
In other media
Television
Three animated series have been based on the team.
- The Avengers: United They Stand was mainly based on the Roy Thomas era of the group, and ran from 1999 to 2000.
- The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes was based on the early adventures of the team, but also used many elements from other runs. The TV show ran for two seasons, from 2010 to 2012, and started presenting the original Avengers line-up founded by Iron Man, Thor, Ant-Man, Wasp and the Hulk, who leaves the group after battling Amora the Enchantress and Skurge. Captain America later joins the team, replacing him.
- Avengers Assemble is mainly based on the MCU iteration of the group and premiered on May 26, 2013. The show also changed its title to Avengers: Ultron Revolution (2016), Avengers: Secret Wars (2017) and Avengers: Black Panther's Quest (2018).
Film
Marvel Cinematic Universe
The Avengers are prominent in current popular culture due to the Marvel Cinematic Universe from Marvel Studios.
See also
- Dark Avengers – Supervillain and antihero version of the Avengers
- Young Avengers – Young version of the Avengers
- Alpha Flight – The Canadian version of the Avengers.
- Big Hero 6 – The Japanese version of the Avengers.
- Excalibur – The British version of the Avengers.
- Winter Guard – The Russian version of the Avengers.
- DC comicssuperhero team with the same concept of the Avengers.
- List of Marvel Comics superhero debuts
References
- ^ Ridgely, Charlie (September 20, 2018). "The Avengers Get a Crazy New Home Base". Comic Book. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
- ^ a b Kaveney (2008), Superheroes!, p. 28: "Crossovers, in which a character from one comic produced by a house visited the story of another, meant that there was a chance that readers who were not buying the first comic would start to buy it in addition to the second. Team-up comics like the Justice League of America were even more likely to interest readers in characters they had not previously bothered with."
- ^ Hickey (2011), An Incomprehensible Condition, p. 19
- ^ The Avengers at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ West Coast Avengers vol. 2 at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ Avengers West Coast at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ Solo Avengers at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ Avengers Spotlight at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ Avengers Finale at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ The New Avengers at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ The Avengers vol. 4 at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ The Avengers vol. 5 at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ Morse, Ben (2015-03-26). "All-New, All-Different Avengers Assemble!". Marvel Comics. Archived from the original on January 5, 2016.
- ^ Moore, Trent (4 October 2016). "First look at Mark Waid's relaunched, flagship Avengers comic set after Civil War II". syfy.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
- ^ "AVENGERS: NO SURRENDER is 'AVENGERS DISASSEMBLED' For the Modern Team". newsarama.com. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
- ^ "Marvel Reveals New Avengers Team". comicbook.com. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
- Ayers, Dick (i). "The Coming of the Avengers" The Avengers, no. 1 (Sep 1963). Marvel Comics.
- ISBN 978-0-7566-4123-8.)
Filled with some wonderful visual action, The Avengers #1 has a very simple story: the Norse god Loki tricked the Hulk into going on a rampage ... The heroes eventually learned about Loki's involvement and united with the Hulk to form the Avengers.
{{cite book}}
:|first2=
has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - Reinman, Paul (i). "The Space Phantom" The Avengers, no. 2 (Nov 1963). Marvel Comics.
- ^ Lee, Stan (w), Kirby, Jack (p), Roussos, George (i). "Captain America Joins ... The Avengers!" The Avengers, no. 4 (March 1964). Marvel Comics.
- ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 99: "'Captain America lives again!' announced the cover of The Avengers #4. A mere [four] months after his imposter had appeared in Strange Tales #114, the real Cap was back."
- ^ Busiek, Kurt (w), Pérez, George (p), Vey, Al (i). "Once an Avenger ..." The Avengers, vol. 3, no. 1 (Feb 1998). Marvel Comics.
- ^ Lee, Stan (w), Kirby, Jack (a), Bell, George (i), Simek, Art (let). The Fantastic Four, no. 26 (May 1964). Marvel Comics.
- ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 101: "The Masters of Evil, the Avengers' evil counterparts, launched their first attack in The Avengers #6."
- ^ Lee, Stan (w), Kirby, Jack (p), Ayers, Dick (i). "Kang, the Conqueror" The Avengers, no. 8 (Sep 1964). Marvel Comics.
- ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 101: "Time travel had fascinated writers of speculative fiction ever since H. G. Wells published The Time Machine, so Stan Lee and Jack Kirby introduced their own master of time in The Avengers #8."
- ). "The Coming of the Wonder Man!" The Avengers, no. 9 (Oct 1964). Marvel Comics.
- ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 102: "Created to infiltrate and destroy the Avengers, Wonder Man ultimately sacrificed himself to save them."
- ^ Lee, Stan (w), Heck, Don (p), Ayers, Dick (i). "Trapped in the Castle of Count Nefaria!" The Avengers, no. 13 (Feb 1965). Marvel Comics.
- ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 106: "Europe's wealthiest nobleman, Count Nefaria, had a terrible secret: he was also the most powerful crime lord on Earth. Created by Stan Lee and Don Heck, Nefaria secretly ran the worldwide criminal organization called the Maggia."
- ^ Lee, Stan (w), Kirby, Jack (p), Ayers, Dick (i). "The Old Order Changeth!" The Avengers, no. 16 (May 1965). Marvel Comics.
- ISBN 978-0-8109-3821-2.
Stan Lee has admitted that by this period the intertwined tales of the Marvel Universe were beginning to confuse even him. Keeping top heroes like Thor active in The Avengers without contradicting the information in Thor's own series was becoming a chore. A changing of the guard was the result for The Avengers.
- ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 108: "No super hero team in the history of comic books had ever gone through such a massive overhaul. A new precedent had been set! The Avengers line-up continued to change and evolve over the years."
- ^ a b Lee, Stan (w), Heck, Don (p), Ray, Frankie (i). "Among Us Walks a Goliath!" The Avengers, no. 28 (May 1966). Marvel Comics.
- ). "Blitzkrieg in Central Park!" The Avengers, no. 45 (Oct 1967). Marvel Comics.
- ). "... And Deliver Us From the Masters of Evil!" The Avengers, no. 54 (July 1968). Marvel Comics.
- ^ Thomas, Roy (w), Heck, Don (p). "The Ultroids Attack!" The Avengers, no. 36 (Jan 1967). Marvel Comics.
- ISBN 978-0-7566-9236-0.)
Spider-Man nearly became an Avenger in this lead story [of The Amazing Spider-Man Annual #3 (1966)] written by [Stan] Lee with layouts by [John Romita Sr.] and pencils by Don Heck. Packaged ... in a 72-paged oversized special, '... To Become an Avenger' saw Spidey actively recruited for Avengers membership.
{{cite book}}
:|first2=
has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ Thomas, Roy (w), Buscema, John (p), Colletta, Vince (i). "Death Calls for the Arch-Heroes!" The Avengers, no. 52 (May 1968). Marvel Comics.
- ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 130: "For issue #52, [writer Roy] Thomas introduced [Wonder Man's] brother Eric, who became the Grim Reaper."
- ^ Friedrich, Gary (w), Heck, Don; Roth, Werner (p), Tartaglione, John (i). "When Mutants Clash!" The X-Men, no. 45 (June 1968).
- ^ Thomas, Roy (w), Buscema, John (p), Tuska, George (i). "In Battle Joined!" The Avengers, no. 53 (June 1968).
- ^ Thomas, Roy (w), Buscema, John (p), Klein, George (i). "Behold ... The Vision!" The Avengers, no. 57 (Oct 1968). Marvel Comics.
- ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 132: "The updated Vision was created by writer Roy Thomas, who continued his trick of taking a name that Marvel already owned and creating a new super hero around it ... The new Vision, drawn by John Buscema, was a synthozoid – an android with synthetic human organs."
- ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 133: "Hank had suffered a mental breakdown and created this new identity."
- ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 134: "Janet Van Dyne (the Wasp) and Hank Pym ... finally tied the knot in The Avengers #60."
- ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 103: "Tales of Suspense #59 also presented Edwin Jarvis for the first time, the longtime butler of the Avengers."
- ^ Beard, Jim (May 18, 2012). "Avengers Classics: Avengers 1 1/2". Marvel Comics. Archived from the original on January 3, 2016.
- ^ Sanderson, Peter "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 145
- ^ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 146: "Red Wolf was Marvel's first Native American super hero."
- ^ Thomas, Roy (w), Buscema, John (p), Giacoia, Frank (i). "The World Is Not for Burning" The Avengers, no. 85 (February 1971).
- ^ Thomas, Roy (w), Buscema, Sal (p), Mooney, Jim (i). "Brain-Child to the Dark Tower Came" The Avengers, no. 86 (March 1971).
- ^ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 148
- ISBN 978-0-7851-0745-3.
- ^ Daniels p. 150: "This wild tale ... attempted to tie together more than thirty years of the company's stories ... More than any previous work, 'The Kree-Skrull War' solidified the idea that every comic book Marvel had ever published was part of an endless, ongoing saga."
- ^ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 150: "Unprecedented in Marvel history, this epic spanned nine issues of The Avengers. The saga began in The Avengers #89."
- ^ Thomas, Roy (w), Buscema, Sal (p), Roussos, George (i). "All Things Must End!" The Avengers, no. 92 (September 1971).
- ^ Thomas, Roy (w), Adams, Neal (p), Palmer, Tom (i). "This Beachhead Earth" The Avengers, no. 93 (November 1971).
- ^ Englehart, Steve (w), Brown, Bob (p), Esposito, Mike (i). "Night of the Swordsman" The Avengers, no. 114 (August 1973).
- ^ Englehart, Steve (n.d.). "The Avengers-Defenders Clash". SteveEnglehart.com. Archived from the original on August 30, 2013. Retrieved May 19, 2013.
From the moment it was born, this sequence was called the Avengers-Defenders Clash.
- ISBN 978-0-7851-2759-8.
- ^ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 160: "Loki and Dormammu manipulated two super-teams into the Avengers-Defenders war, starting in The Avengers #116 and The Defenders #9 in October [1973]."
- ^ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 166: "Writer Steve Englehart started an epic story line in which Kang the Conqueror tried to locate the Celestial Madonna."
- ^ Englehart, Steve (w), Buscema, Sal (p), Staton, Joe (i). "Yesterday and Beyond ..." The Avengers, no. 133 (March 1975).
- ^ Englehart, Steve (w), Buscema, Sal (p), Staton, Joe (i). "The Times That Bind!" The Avengers, no. 134 (April 1975).
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External links
- Avengers at the Superhero Database
- Marvel pages: A1963, A1996, A1998, A2010, A2012, A2016, A2018
- Avengers Comic Book Sales History—Sales figures from 1966–present
- MDP:Avengers—Marvel Database Project (wiki)
- Avengers Assemble!—Archives and Database
- The Avengers at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on April 7, 2012.
- Avengers on Marvel Database, a Marvel Comics wiki
- https://marvelcinematicuniverse.fandom.com/wiki/Avengers