Avenue (landscape)
In landscaping, an avenue (from the French), alameda (from the Portuguese and Spanish), or allée (from the French), is traditionally a straight path or road with a line of trees or large shrubs running along each side, which is used, as its Latin source venire ("to come") indicates, to emphasize the "coming to," or arrival at a landscape or architectural feature. In most cases, the trees planted in an avenue will be all of the same species or cultivar, so as to give uniform appearance along the full length of the avenue.
The French term allée is used for avenues planted in parks and landscape gardens, as well as boulevards such as the Grande Allée in Quebec City, Canada, and Karl-Marx-Allee in Berlin.
History
The avenue is one of the oldest ideas in the
In
In Austria-Hungary, the fashion for establishing representative avenues appeared as early as the Renaissance and reached its peak in the Baroque period. Avenues lined the access roads to chateaus and manors, as well as pilgrimage routes and Stations of the Cross. The manorial landscape architecture was followed by "folk landscaping" with wayside chapels, crosses and shrines accompanied by trees. Later, Maria Theresa decreed in 1752 to plant trees along the new imperial roads for economic, aesthetic, orientation and safety reasons. Most avenues were created during the reigns of Maria Theresa and Joseph II. At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, new landscaping came from England, and formal aesthetics were replaced by the aesthetics of the natural landscape. During Napoleonic wars, pyramidal poplars became a new element, popular due their fast growth and distinctive shape. Also in the middle of the 19th century, when the construction of imperial roads continued, but at the same time a network of non-state side roads was created, the law ordered the planting of avenues along them, especially fruit trees and mulberries. Many baroque alleys have aged and been felled, and fruit tree alleys have become increasingly popular. At the time of the development of motoring, the oldest avenues often hinder the widening and modernization of rural roads and are the subject of dispute between conservationists and traffic safety requirements.[3]
Design
To enhance the approach to
.Sometimes tree avenues were designed to direct the eye toward some distinctive architectural building or feature, such as a chapels, gazebos, or architectural follies.[5]
Street name
Origin
Avenue as a
Cities
In
In Anglophone
Notable avenues
- Paseo del Prado, Madrid, Spain
- Avenue des Champs-Élysées, Paris, France
- Avenida da Liberdade, Lisbon, Portugal
- Paseo de la Reforma, Mexico City, Mexico
- Fifth Avenue, Manhattan, New York City, United States
- Madison Avenue, Manhattan, New York City, United States
- Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- La Brea Avenue, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Holland Park Avenue, London, United Kingdom
- 9 de Julio Avenue, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Paulista Avenue, São Paulo, Brazil
- Kurfürstendamm (Ku'Damm), Berlin, Germany
Gallery
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An avenue at Weissenbach an der Triesting, Austria
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A park avenue in the old town of Naantali, Finland
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Old Avenue Steinfurter Bagno leading to the local castle in the background, used as twofold bicycle path
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Fig avenue in Hyde Park, Sydney
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Country road as an avenue in Germany
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Country road as an avenue in Germany
See also
- Alley — a narrow lane, or path
- Alameda
- Avenue of honour
- Garden design
- Garden features
- Hedges
- Landscape design history
- Shade tree
- Southern live oak
References
- ISBN 9780812235432
- National Gallery, London.
- ^ Historie alejí, Arnika
- ISBN 978-0-9545575-1-5.
- ^ Muir 2004, p.7.
External links
- Media related to Avenues (streets) at Wikimedia Commons