Ayad Allawi
Ayad Allawi إيَاد عَلَّاوِي | |
---|---|
Vice President of Iraq | |
In office 10 October 2016 – 2 October 2018 Serving with Osama al-Nujaifi and Nouri al-Maliki | |
President | Fuad Masum |
Preceded by | Himself |
Succeeded by | Vacant |
In office 8 September 2014 – 11 August 2015 Serving with Osama al-Nujaifi and Nouri al-Maliki | |
President | Fuad Masum |
Preceded by | Khodair al-Khozaei |
Succeeded by | Himself |
62nd Prime Minister of Iraq | |
In office 1 June 2004 – 3 May 2005 | |
Preceded by | Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer (President of the Governing Council) |
Succeeded by | Ibrahim al-Jaafari |
President of the Governing Council of Iraq | |
In office 1 October 2003 – 31 October 2003 | |
Preceded by | Ahmed Chalabi |
Succeeded by | Jalal Talabani |
Personal details | |
Born | Neurologist | 31 May 1944
Website | Ayad Allawi Website Al-Watania Website |
Ayad Allawi (
A prominent Iraqi
A former Ba'athist, Allawi helped found the Iraqi National Accord, which today is an active political party. In the lead up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the INA provided intelligence about alleged weapons of mass destruction to MI6. Allawi has lived about half of his life in the UK. His wife and children still live in the UK for their security. He survived assassination attempts in 1978, in 2004, and on 20 April 2005.
Allawi's first name is sometimes rendered as Iyad or Eyad.
Allawi's early life
Allawi was born in 1944 to a prominent
Early political career
This section of a biography of a living person does not include any references or sources. (May 2017) |
In 1971, he moved to London due to increasing differences with the Ba'ath party and in order to continue his medical education. He resigned from the Ba'ath party in 1975, "having decided that Saddam was exerting too much control over it".[10][11] Allawi himself states that he remained active in the international Ba'athist movement, but had no ties to the Ba'ath Party's Iraqi Regional Branch.
At first Saddam, then Iraq's vice president, pressured Allawi, who was in contact with senior military and party officers that were increasingly critical of Saddam, to rejoin the Ba'ath Party. In 1978, friends told Allawi that his name was on a liquidation list. In February 1978 Allawi was awoken in bed one night by an intruder in his Surrey home, who proceeded to attack him with an axe. The intruder left, convinced that Allawi was dead as he lay in a pool of blood. He survived the attempted murder, and spent the next year in hospital recovering from his injuries. His first wife, Atour, was also wounded in the attack. It is presumed that the attack was an assassination attempt ordered by Saddam Hussein.[12] He separated with his wife after mutual agreement.
The Iraqi National Accord
While still recovering in hospital from the attack, Allawi started organising an opposition network to work against the
In December 1990, Allawi announced the existence of the
A military coup was planned for 1996, in which Iraqi generals were to lead their units against Baghdad and remove Saddam Hussein. The CIA supported the plot, code-named DBACHILLES, and added Iraqi officers that were not part of INA. The plan ended in disaster as it had been infiltrated by agents loyal to Saddam. US support was also questionable - requests by the CIA station chief in Amman for American air support were refused by the Clinton administration. Many participants were executed. Lands and factories belonging to the Allawi family were confiscated. Even their graveyard in Najaf was seized, although it was later returned. According to Allawi, his family lost $250M worth of assets.[15] US support for INA continued, receiving $6 million in covert aid in 1996 and $5 million in 1995 (according to books by David Wurmser as well as Andrew and Patrick Cockburn).[16]
The INA channelled the report from an Iraqi officer claiming that Iraq could deploy its supposed
Post-Saddam
Shortly after the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003, the Coalition Provisional Authority (the "CPA") was established by the occupying forces in order to administer the country until sovereignty could be restored. The CPA decided to establish a grouping of senior Iraqi politicians to carry out some administrative responsibilities, with a view to giving the occupation a more "Iraqi face". This grouping was referred to as the Governing Council, and was made up of 25 Iraqis that were appointed by the CPA. Allawi was one of those selected to serve on the Governing Council, and held the position of Minister of Defence (although his real responsibilities in that regard were limited considering Iraq remained under occupation). He held the rotating presidency of the interim governing council during October 2003. In April 2004, Allawi reportedly resigned as head of the IGC security committee over concerns of US bombing in Fallujah, according to a letter published in INA's newspaper.[16]
In December 2003, he flew to CIA headquarters in
Interim Prime Minister
On 28 May 2004, Allawi was elected unanimously by the Governing Council to be the Interim Prime Minister of Iraq to govern the country beginning with the United States' handover of sovereignty (30 June 2004) until national elections, scheduled for early 2005. Although many believe the decision was reached largely on the advice of United Nations special envoy to Iraq, Lakhdar Brahimi, The New York Times reported that Brahimi only endorsed him reluctantly after pressure from U.S. officials. (In response to a question about the role of the U.S. in Allawi's appointment, Brahimi replied: "I sometimes say, I'm sure he doesn't mind me saying that, Bremer is the dictator of Iraq. He has the money. He has the signature. Nothing happens without his agreement in this country."[20]) Two weeks later, Brahimi announced his resignation, due to "great difficulties and frustration".[21]
At the time of his nomination, Allawi was often described in the US mainstream media as a moderate Shia, a member of Iraq's majority faith, chosen for his secular, national views. On 28 June 2004 (two days early), the U.S.-led coalition handed over power to Allawi and the Iraqi Interim Government, who were sworn in later that same day. After his interim government assumed legal custody of Saddam Hussein and re-introduced capital punishment, Allawi gave assurances that he would not interfere with the trial and would accept any court decisions. In an interview with Dubai-based TV station Al Arabiya he said: "As for the execution, that is for the court to decide—so long as a decision is reached impartially and fairly."[22]
Allawi's government also wrote a new emergency regulation, which allows the executive branch to declare martial law, impose curfews and detain suspects. Paul Bremer's aides said Allawi lacked the power to impose martial law, and Secretary of State Colin Powell warned that the U.S. would not support such a move. "The last thing we want", says a senior U.S. official, "is for the world to think we're foisting a new strongman on Iraq".[23] Though, in addition to the stick of martial law, the government planned to offer a carrot of a broad amnesty for insurgents who have taken up arms against the U.S.-led occupation forces. Allawi himself has made clear that his government will reach out to Iraqi insurgents who have fought the Coalition for "patriotic motives" while seeking to isolate and destroy foreign elements such as the network led by the Jordanian jihadist Musab al-Zarqawi. Allawi knew that both the Sunni insurgency and the one waged by supporters of Shiite firebrand Moqtada Sadr have significant popular support, while his own government has yet to win the loyalty of Iraqis.[24] On 18 July, Iraqi militants offered a $285,000 reward for anyone who could kill Iyad Allawi.[25]
During the summer of 2004, Allawi made several decisions seen as controversial at the time, but later worked in his interest as they demonstrated to Iraqis that Allawi did not favour one sect over another, and that he was a strong leader not afraid to use force to bring back the rule of law. Most notably, his decision to support the military incursions of both
Allawi led the Iraqi National Accord during the
The INA came in at third place in the first elections, with 14% of the vote, which on a party versus coalition makes him head one of the largest represented parties. In the 2010 elections, Allawi's list won the most votes and beat incumbent Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki by 2 seats.
Assassination attempt
On 3 December 2004 Rafik Yousef and two other men, all members of Ansar al-Islam were arrested, and later convicted, of planning to assassinate Allawi.[27]
In one tape in August 2004, a speaker identified as Abu Anas al-Shami (second man of Zarqawi and leader of Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad made up mostly by foreigners) said the militants planned to kill Iraqi prime minister Ayad Allawi, soldiers and police officers.
Post-Prime Ministership
In preparation for the next parliamentary elections that took place in Iraq in
The Iraqi National List was represented in the
The 2010 parliamentary election ended with a weeks-long wait for an announcement of results by the Iraqi election commission. When the results finally came on 26 March 2010, Allawi's Iraqiya bloc was declared the biggest winner of the parliamentary election with two seats more than Allawi's rival al-Maliki's party in the Assembly.[30]
He was appointed one of the three
Allawi stated on 17 April 2017, that he had received information from Iraqi and regional contacts knowledgeable about Iraq that the
Personal life
Allawi allegedly has faced several assassination attempts in England and throughout the Middle East, purportedly by agents of Saddam's regime.[36]
According to
He is cousin of Mohammed Tawfiq Allawi.[8][9]
References
- ^ "Ayad 'Allawi - prime minister of Iraq". Retrieved 19 April 2017.
- ^ "ائتلاف الوطنية - الدكتور اياد علاوي". Archived from the original on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
- ^ "Iyad Allawi's Iraqi National Movement Splits". 11 March 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
- ^ "Iraq VP accuses Iran of violating Iraqi sovereignty in the Persian Gulf". Middle East Monitor. 16 February 2017.
- ^ "ISHM: February 3 - 9, 2017". ReliefWeb. 9 February 2017.
- ^ a b "Iraqi court nullifies Abadi's earlier decision to sack 3 vice president posts". Xinhua News Agency. 11 October 2016. Archived from the original on 11 October 2016.
- ^ Cave, Damien (19 August 2007). "Maliki hangs on in the absence of a strong alternative in Iraq". International Herald Tribune.
- ^ a b "Who is Iraq's new prime minister Mohammed Allawi?". gulfnews.com. 2 February 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
- ^ a b "Iraq's president names Mohammad Allawi as new prime minister, protesters divided". France 24. 1 February 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
- ^ Anderson, Jon (24 January 2005). "A Man of the Shadows: Can Iyad Allawi hold Iraq together?". The New Yorker.
- ^ Hersh, Seymour (28 June 2004). "Plan B: As June 30th approaches, Israel looks to the Kurds". The New Yorker.
- ^ "A Big Man To Watch In Baghdad". The Washington Post. 1 February 2004. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
- ^ Ghosh, Bobby (5 July 2004). "The Prime Minister: How Tough Will He Get?". Time. Archived from the original on 26 July 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
- ^ Andrew Gilligan "The Strongman of Baghdad"[permanent dead link] in The Spectator 13 November 2004
- ^ "A Big Man To Watch In Baghdad". The Washington Post. 1 February 2004. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
- ^ a b "Bloomberg.com: Europe". Archived from the original on 19 September 2005. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
- ^ Leigh, David (28 January 2004). "Iraqi who gave MI6 45-minute claim says it was untrue". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
- ^ "Spy chief regrets '45 minute' Iraq weapons claim". The Age. Melbourne. 17 September 2003.
- ^ Priest, Dana; Wright, Robin (11 December 2003). "Iraq Spy Service Planned by U.S. To Stem Attacks". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
- ^ "Iraq: US still calls the shots". 6 September 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
- ^ Shamir, Shlomo (2 April 2008). "Brahimi quits post as UN envoy in Iraq". Haaretz. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
- ^ "U.S. Airstrike on Fallujah House Kills 10". ABC News. 6 July 2004. Archived from the original on 20 August 2004.
- ^ Ghosh, Bobby (5 July 2004). "The Prime Minister: How Tough Will He Get?". Time. Archived from the original on 1 May 2008. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
- ^ Karon, Tony (7 July 2004). "Meet Iraq's New Strongman". Time. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
- ^ "Fourteen killed in Falluja strike". BBC News. 18 July 2004. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
- ^ "Ex-Iraqi Leader Claims Assassination Attempt". CNN. 4 December 2005. Archived from the original on 3 April 2008.
- ^ "Ansar al-Islam in Germany: Iraqis Convicted of Allawi Assasination [sic] Plot". Der Spiegel. 15 July 2008. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
- ^ McClatchy Washington Bureau | 08/06/2007 | Iraqi government unraveling as more ministers boycott Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Inside Iraq - Iraqi national movement". Al Jazeera English. 6 November 2009. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
- ^ "BBC News - Iraq election: Iyad Allawi's bloc wins most seats". 26 March 2010. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
- ^ "Iraq crisis: Parliament swears in unity government". BBC News. 8 September 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
- ^ "Iraq reforms: Parliament backs PM Haider al-Abadi's plan". BBC. 11 August 2015.
- ^ Asharq al-Awsat (1 September 2015). "Iraq: Maliki, Nujaifi say PM's decision to cancel vice president posts "unconstitutional"". Asharq al-Awsat. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
- ^ "Iraq vice president files court case to keep his post". Retrieved 19 April 2017.
- ^ Babak Dehghanpisheh (17 April 2017). "Islamic State seeking alliance with al Qaeda, Iraqi vice president says". Reuters.
- ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/3757923.stm Profile: Iyad Allawi
- ^ Dominic Dudley (4 April 2016). "Panama Papers: The Middle East Players". Forbes. Archived from the original on 12 May 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
External links
- Video on life of Ayad Allawi on YouTube
- Resources on Ayad Allawi
- Op-ed by Allawi in The New York Times November 2007
- Interview of Allawi with German Der Spiegel - in English
- Opinion editorial in The Washington Post by Dr Allawi 18 August 2007
- Personal website of Dr. Ayad Allawi - A vision for all
- - Ahlulbayt Television Network
- Website of the National Iraqi List for 15 December 2005 elections
- Website of the Iraqi National Accord
- Text of Allawi's Speech to U.S. Congress, 23 September 2004
- Dow Jones Newswire, 24 January 2004
- Profile in The Guardian
- Transcript of interview with Wolf Blitzer on CNN, November 25 2007
- Profile on al-Jazeera
- Profile in The Times
- Profile in the New Yorker
- Short biography on middleeastreference.org.uk Archived 16 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- "Iraqi cleric slams war coverage under Allawi". 23 August 2004, Aljazeera.
- "The strongman of Baghdad" 13 November 2004, The Spectator.
- Ayad Allawi on BBC Doha Debates, 3 November 2007, Doha, Qatar.