Bình Định province
Bình Định province
Tỉnh Bình Định | |
---|---|
Nhà thờ họ of Đào Duy Từ family • Quy Nhơn city • Quang Trung museum • Tây Sơn river | |
ICT) | |
Area codes | 56 (until 16 July 2017) 256 (from 17 June 2017) |
ISO 3166 code | VN-31 |
Website | www |
Bình Định (Vietnamese:
Bình Định province has an area of 6066 km2, comprising 11 district-level sub-divisions, with a population of over 1.5 million people as of 2023.[2] The province is known for its scenery and beaches. There are also a number of Cham structures. Majority of the province is covered by mountains or hills. Its capital Quy Nhon served as the capital of the historic Tây Sơn dynasty. Economically the province has the most productive primary sector in the South Central Coast region, mostly because of its large output of rice, coconuts and its strong livestock, forestry and fishing sectors.
History
Champa
Bình Định was probably one of the places where the Cham first arrived in what is now Vietnam.
Vijaya's architecture also distinguishes it from other Champa centers, since it used a combination of stone and brick elements,[4] while most other Cham structures only used bricks. This suggests some influence from Cambodian Angkor.[4] It also points to the relative abundance of labour in Vijaya compared to other Champa centres of power, because processing stones for construction was more labour-intensive than the production of bricks.[5]
Vijaya was involved in various wars with neighbouring countries. Major wars were fought with Angkor (now Cambodia) in the 12th and 13th centuries. Around this time Vijaya seems to have been associated with, and at times even dominated by, the Khmer King Jayavarman VII.[6] Major wars with Vietnam were fought in 1069 and again in the 15th century, which eventually led to the defeat of Vijaya and the demise of Champa in 1471.[7]
Tây Sơn Dynasty
The Tây Sơn dynasty originated from Binh Dinh, being named after Tây Sơn district where the rulers had come from.[8] The capital of Quy Nhon served as their capital until the Vietnamese Civil War of 1789–1802, when the province was wracked by warfare and the dynasty collapsed.
Its Sino-Vietnamese name (chữ Hán: 平定) translates as "pacified" or "subjugated."
Nguyễn dynasty
Geography
Topography
The majority of Bình Định province is covered by mountains or hills. Elevations range from 0 at the coast to around 1200 meters above sea level in An Lão district in the north-west of the province.[9] While most of the mountains as well as the highest peaks are in the west, there are mountains throughout the province, even near the coast. Most districts of Bình Định have a topography that is a mix of mountains or hills and lowlands. The districts of An Lão in the north-west, Vĩnh Thạnh in the west, and Vân Canh in the south-west are mostly mountainous. All other districts have some lowlands.
The largest lowland area is located in the south of the province along the lower
Other lowland areas are located in the coastal districts of
Mountains form natural borders to the neighbouring provinces. Cù Mông pass (đèo Cù Mông) is the main border crossing to Phú Yên province. National Route 1 passes through this pass, while there is another road (1D) along the coast. The border to Gia Lai province is the most mountainous, with the only road connection at An Khê pass (đèo An Khê) between the towns of Phú Phong in Tây Sơn district and An Khê in Gia Lai. The border to Quảng Ngãi province is also very mountainous, with the major road and railway passing through Bình Đê Pass (đèo Bình Đê) near Tam Quan.[9]
Hydrography
Côn River is the largest and most important river in Bình Định. It forms a small delta north of Quy Nhon. Most of it can be used as an inland waterway for transportation. This is probably one of the reasons why a major centre of power of Champa emerged along this river. Other rivers are Lại Giang River at the centre of the lowland areas of Hoài Nhơn and Hoài Ân in northern Bình Định, Mỹ Cát River in central Bình Định, and Hà Thanh River along the valley in Vân Canh district in southern Bình Định.[9]
The largest lake is
Mineral resources
Ilmenite reserves in Phù Cát and graphite reserves in northern Bình Định are substantial and support significant local export industries. There is also some gold in western Bình Định.[10]
Administrative divisions
Bình Định is subdivided into 11 district-level sub-divisions:
- 8 districts:
- 2 district-level town:
- 1 provincial city:
- Quy Nhon (capital)
They are further subdivided into 11 commune-level towns (or townlets), 116 communes, and 32 wards.[11]
Economy
With a
In 2007 Bình Định exported goods worth US$327.3 million, while importing goods worth US$141.6 million.[12] Most of the province's exports are furniture.
Agriculture, forestry, fishing
Bình Định has the most productive primary sector (agriculture, fishery, forestry) in the South Central Coast region, mostly because of its large output of rice, coconuts and its strong livestock, forestry and fishing sectors. It contributes roughly 23% of sector 1 GDP and rice output of the South Central Coast (while it has 17.7% of the region's population).[12] The rice harvest is the largest of the South Central Coast region but accounts only for a modest 1.62% of the national output.[12] It has been fluctuating around 600,000t over the last few years.[12] The average yield is 53.1t/ha as of 2009 with the highest yields around the lower Côn River.[13]
The province's output of coconuts (95,040t) accounts for 9% of the national total as of 2007.
The livestock sector makes up 35% of the agricultural gross output, a relatively high value compared to other provinces. Bình Định is by far the largest producer of pork, both in terms of total output and per capita output (over 50 kg per capita).[10] As of 2009, there were 684,300 pigs, 288,400 cows, 18,900 buffaloes, 3 million chickens and 2 million other poultry.[13]
Bình Định has a large fishing sector. Its
Industry
Bình Định has transformed itself into a regional center of furniture manufacturing. The industry has been successful in creating large numbers of jobs, with furniture manufacturing enterprises employing around 40,000 workers and manufacturing in total around 107,000,
The largest industries after furniture manufacturing (5290.8 billion
Nhơn Hội Economic Zone is under construction, but behind schedule (as of September 2010).
Infrastructure and transport
Transport infrastructure
Bình Định's infrastructure has been significant for its economic development. It has traditionally been the site of a major port and the intersection of two national roads has further increased Bình Định's role as a gateway to the Central Highlands and access to the latter's resources. As a result, the province has received one of the highest infrastructure scores in the Provincial Competitiveness Index 2009, second only to Da Nang in central Vietnam.[16]
Roads
There are national roads with a total length of 208 km and provincial roads a total length of 458.5 km.
74.6 percent of roads in Bình Định (including national, provincial, and district roads) are paved, which is relatively good by Vietnamese standards and significantly above the median province with 51.44 percent.[16] However, the assessment of road quality by the local business community is not very good, with only 34.76 percent stating that roads are in good or very good condition.[16]
Road transport is by far the most important mode of transport within the province. It accounts for between 97 and just under 100 percent of passenger and freight movements. 22.77 million passengers and 7928 tons of cargo were transported by road in 2009.[13]
Railways
The
Water transport
Much of
Ownership structure
While Vietnam Railways and the major seaports are owned and operated by the state sector, almost none of the local transport is state-run. Household businesses are dominant in the passenger sector, accounting for more than 70 percent of passengers and passenger kilometers over the last few years – although their share has been decreasing.[13] The other traditionally significant enterprise form have been collective enterprises. Their share has been decreasing, too, while private sector participation has been increasing from a very low base since 2008. As of 2009, the share of the collective sector (11.8 percent) is still slightly ahead of the private sector (11.6 percent), but it has been clearly overtaken in terms of passenger km, with shares of 5.4 and 23.3 percent, respectively.[13] The freight transport sector is dominated by the household and private sector. While household businesses take the lead in freight volume (54.8 percent compared to 41.4 percent), private companies have a larger share if distance travelled (tons.km) is considered (50 percent compared to 43.4 percent). Both private and household businesses have been able to grow and increase their share in recent years, mainly at the expense of the declining collective sector.
Telecommunication
In 2009, there were 74.1 telephone subscribers per 100 inhabitants. The total number of subscriptions in the province was 1.1 million – a rapid increase from the 101,230 in 2005, most of which was contributed by mobile phones.[13] The calling time has also increased rapidly in the same period, from 53 to 488 million minutes.[13] The quality of telecommunications has received relatively good assessments, with 70.74 percent of respondents to a survey stating that it is good or very good.[16] As of 2009, there were 28,919 Internet subscribers in Bình Định, up from 18,260 in 2008 and 8,716 in 2006.[13] While telephones and Internet connections have become much more widespread, the number of letters and money telegrams sent has decreased from 119,000 in 2005 to 77,421 in 2009 and telegram services have been discontinued after 2007.[13]
Demography
Bình Định had a population of 1.488 million in 2009,
The eastern lowlands and
Sights
A number of towers built by the Cham are now significant tourist attractions in Bình Định. The province's Tây Sơn district is also famous as the starting place of the Tây Sơn Uprising (and thus the Tây Sơn dynasty). The Quang Trung Museum commemorates the event.
Sport
Traditional martial arts practiced in Binh Dinh (Võ thuật Bình Định) has become a cultural heritage.
- Football
References
- ^ "Tổng sản phẩm trên địa bàn Bình Định năm 2022 đạt mức cao nhất từ trước đến nay". cucthongke.binhdinh.gov.vn.
- ^ "Statistical yearbook of Vietnam 2021" (PDF). pp. 90, 93.
- ^ a b Vickery 2009, 47
- ^ a b Vickery 2009, 48
- ^ Tran 2009, 173
- ^ Vickery 2009, 54
- ^ Vickery 2009, 69
- ^ Kim, Tran Trong (n.d). Việt Nam sử lược. p.359
- ^ a b c d e Viet Nam Administrative Atlas. Cartographic Publishing House, Hanoi 2010
- ^ a b c Atlat Dia li Viet Nam (Geographical Atlas of Vietnam). NXB Giao Duc, Hanoi: 2010
- ^ "Statistical yearbook of Vietnam 2021" (PDF). p. 40.
- ^ a b c d e f g General Statistics Office (2009): Socio-economic Statistical Data of 63 Provinces and Cities, Vietnam. Statistical Publishing House, Hanoi
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Bình Định Statistics Office (2010): Bình Định Statistical Yearbook 2009. Statistical Publishing House, Hanoi
- ^ a b calculations based on General Statistics Office (2009): Socio-economical Statistical Data of 63 Provinces and Cities. Statistical Publishing House, Hanoi
- ^ People's Committee Bình Định (2007): Yearbook of Information on Enterprises in Bình Định Province. Labour Publishing House, Hanoi: 162-165
- ^ a b c d "Vietnam Provincial Competitiveness Index 2009". Archived from the original on 2011-03-22. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
- ^ a b c d e Ministry of Transport (2005): National Transport Development Strategy in Vietnam till 2020. Publishing House of Transport, Hanoi
- ^ a b Vietnam Road Atlas (Tập Bản đồ Giao thông Đường bộ Việt Nam). Cartographic Publishing House (Vietnam), 2004
- ^ General Statistics Office (1996): Population Data of Sparsely Populated Areas in Vietnam. Statistical Publishing House, Hanoi
- Bibliography
- Trần Kỳ Phương (2009): "The Architecture of the Temple-Towers of Ancient Champa" in Hardy, Andrew et al. (ed): Champa and the Archaeology of Mỹ Sơn (Vietnam). NUS Press, Singapore
- Vickery, Michael (2009): "A Short History of Champa" in Hardy, Andrew et al. (ed): Champa and the Archaeology of Mỹ Sơn (Vietnam). NUS Press, Singapore
External links
- Bình Định province official website
- Bình Định Invest, the official provincial investment promotion website
- Quy Nhon Life, The page is aimed introducing the images of Bình Định, its landscape and people to everyone, especially foreign travelers.