Bùi Bằng Đoàn

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Hồ Chí Minh
Preceded byNguyễn Văn Tố
Succeeded byTôn Đức Thắng
Member of the Council of State
In office
2 March 1946 – 8 November 1946
PresidentHồ Chí Minh
Special Inspector for the Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
In office
6 January 1946 – 8 November 1946
PresidentHồ Chí Minh
Minister of Justice of the Nguyễn dynasty
In office
1933–1945
MonarchEmperor Bảo Đại
Preceded byTôn Thất Đàn
Succeeded byTrịnh Đình Thảo
Personal details
Born11 September 1889 (1889-09-11)
Liên Bạt, Ứng Hòa, Hà Nội province, Tonkin, French Indochina
Died13 April 1955 (1955-04-14) (aged 65)
Hanoi, Democratic Republic of Vietnam
SpouseĐoàn Thị Đức
ChildrenBùi Tín
Bùi Nghĩa
EducationTrường Hậu bổ in Hanoi (Mandarin school)
ProfessionPolitician

Bùi Bằng Đoàn (

League for the National Union of Vietnam (Hội Liên hiệp quốc dân Việt Nam/Liên Việt) 1946–1951 and was Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam
.

Bùi Bằng Đoàn started his political career as a

Hồ Chí Minh invited him to become a special inspector in the newly established government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam where he would later be elected to become a member of the Standing Committee of the National Assembly
on 6 January 1946.

Bùi Bằng Đoàn's son Bùi Tín, a senior Communist Party editor, defected to France in 1990.[1]

Biography

Bùi Bằng Đoàn descended from a line of prominent mandarins, his father was a Tuần Vũ (high-ranking military mandarin) and his grandfather received the title of Thủ-Khoa in the imperial examination system during the reign of the Minh Mạng, Tiến-sĩ during the reign of Thiệu Trị, and was the Tổng Ðốc of Bắc Ninh province during the reign of Tự Đức with the rank of Thái-tử-Thiếu-bảo.[2]

Career as a mandarin in the Southern dynasty

In 1907 Bùi Bằng Đoàn started his education at the Trường Hậu bổ in Hanoi and in 1911 he graduated with the highest grades in the school.[2] He got the degree of Cử nhân (舉人, senior bachelor) during the reign of Thành Thái.[3] In school it was clear that he was exceptionally intelligent with his strongest skill being mathematics (especially algebra), he was further quite adept in French.[3]

His career as a Mandarin of the

salt water from contaminating the area to help agricultural production allowing for productive rice and strawberry fields to grow in the area.[3] In recognition of his merits, the people of the Xuân Trường district made a sacrifice for the young "parent of the people" (父母之民, phụ mẫu chi dân) right at the place where he took office.[3]

Between 1913 and 1925 he occupied 5 positions as a Tri-huyện and 2 as a Tri-phủ.[2]

In 1925, in response to press condemnation of the brutal exploitation of plantation workers in

rubber plantations.[3] There he conducted a thorough inspection, writing a 100-page report in French highlighting the absurdities of the policies of the plantation owners.[3] The relevant recommendations of the report were accepted by the authorities, reducing the harsh regimes for rubber plantation workers at that time.[3] In 1925 Bùi Bằng Đoàn was sent to Hanoi to act as an interpreter for the felony trial in the case of Phan Bội Châu, Bùi Bằng Đoàn clearly and honestly translated Phan Bội Châu's words and strong arguments so that his sentence would be reduced to being under public house arrest in Huế.[3]

His excellence Bùi Bằng Đoàn in ceremonial costume during the Nam Giao Ceremony in Huế (1942).

In 1926 he got promoted to the position of the

Tuần phủ of the Cao Bằng province.[2]

In 1930 he was charged with the functions of President of the Provincial Court in Bắc Ninh, functions which had been entrusted since the beginning of the judicial reform in Tonkin (1917) to French magistrates or civil service administrators.[2]

In 1932 he again became the Tuần phủ of the Cao Bằng province and in 1933 he also became the Tuần phủ of the Bắc Ninh province.[2] In 1933 the Bảo Đại Emperor appointed him to the position of Minister (Thượng thư) of the Ministry of Justice by recommendation of Phạm Quỳnh.[2]

Following the

Việt Minh contacted him and invited to become the president of the association to protect political prisoners, which he accepted.[3]

Career in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

Following the August Revolution Bùi Bằng Đoàn was invited by President Hồ Chí Minh to attend the announcement of the Declaration of independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam at the Ba Đình flower garden (now the Ba Đình Square) in Hanoi on 2 September 1945.[3] At the ceremony he met Hồ and later Hồ would invite him to join the revolutionary government.[3] Bằng Đoàn recounted his experiences with Hồ Chí Minh to his children and grandchildren at his home soon after the event.[3] Despite the invitation Bằng Đoàn wanted to "hang the seal of resignation" on peace in his hometown of Liên Bạt, where he lived on a plantation for a short while, but on 9 November 1945 he received a letter from President Hồ Chí Minh asking him to take charge of the water works of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.[3]

After this he left his hometown and joined the revolutionary government where he held the following positions: Advisor to the President, Head of the Special Inspection Committee, Member of the First National Assembly, and Head of the Standing Committee of the National Assembly (the latter of which he held until his death).

French military was sweeping the area he encountered French soldiers in the Vân Đình district.[3] At the time, his wife Đoàn Thị Đức was home alone, hiding the documents of the National Assembly and the Indochinese Communist Party when the French invaded their home and shot at her dead. He didn't learn of her demise until he returned home in 1946.[3]

Bùi Bằng Đoàn was forced to retreat with the rest of the revolutionary government to the Việt Bắc area where he his relationship with President Hồ Chí Minh became closer causing the latter to write a classical Chinese poem for him.[3] During his time in the forests and mountains of Việt Bắc he felt miserable and often encountered violence leading him to hand over some of his tasks to his deputies Tôn Đức Thắng and Tôn Quang Phiệt.[3] While he was later far away from the war zone he still corresponded with and sent suggestions to the Central Committee and the Revolutionary Government on issues of concern to him.[3] From time to time, Bằng Đoàn still gave interviews and wrote newspaper articles to encourage the troops and people to believe in the victory of their continued resistance to the French.[3]

Poems written between Hồ Chí Minh and Bùi Bằng Đoàn

He is also famous for his poetry and poetry with President Hồ Chí Minh in 1948. President Ho Chi Minh gave him a poem in Traditional Chinese characters:[4]

Classical Chinese Vietnamese translation English translation
Khán thư sơn điểu thê song hãn
Phê trát xuân hoa chiếu nghiễn trì
Tiệp báo tần lai lao dịch mã
Tư công tức cảnh tặng tân thi.		 Xem sách chim rừng vào cửa đậu
Phê văn hoa núi chiếu nghiên soi
Tin vui thắng trận dồn chân ngựa
Nhớ cụ thơ xuân tặng một bài.		 See the book of wild birds at the gate
Literature review of mountain flower mats and studies
The good news of winning the horse-drawn battle
Remember the old poet gave a song.

Bùi Bằng Đoàn responded to it with following poem:[5]

Classical Chinese Vietnamese translation English translation
Thiết thạch nhất tâm phù chủng tộc
Giang sơn vạn lý thủ thành trì
Tri công quốc sự vô dư hạ
Thao bút nhưng thành thoái lỗ thi.		 Sắt đá một lòng vì chủng tộc
Non sông muôn dặm giữ cơ đồ
Biết Người việc nước không hề rảnh
Vung bút thành thơ đuổi giặc thù.		 Iron and heart for the race
Living for thousands of miles to keep the fortune
The people know that the country isn't free
Swinging a pen into a poem to chase away the enemy.

Honours and decorations

Ribbon bar Honour Date and comment
Commander of the Imperial Order of the Dragon of Annam[2] 1934
Commander of Agricultural merit[2] 1936
Commander of the Order of the Million Elephants and the White Parasol[2] 1939
Grand Commander of the Royal Order of Cambodia[2] 1942
Officer in the Legion of Honour[2] 1942
Order of Independence, 1st class
Resistance Order, 1st class

References

  1. ^ David G. Marr Vietnam: State, War, and Revolution (1945–1946) 2013 Page 587 "Cù Huy Cận is best remembered for his early 1940s poetry (under the pen name of Huy Cận), while Bùi Bằng Đoàn is mostly recalled today as the father of Bùi Tín, ranking Communist Party editor who defected to the West in 1990."
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Gouvernement général de l'Indochine française - Souverains et notabilites d'Indochine (1943) § S. E. BÙI BẰNG ÐOÀN. (in French).
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Nguyễn Minh Đức. "Bùi Bằng Đoàn" (in Vietnamese). National Assembly of Vietnam. Archived from the original on 24 December 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
  4. ^ Cảnh Nguyên, Hồ Văn Sơn (tuyển chọn và biên soạn). Thơ Hồ Chí Minh. Nhà xuất bản Nghệ An. Vinh. 2005. trang 238-239. (in Vietnamese).
  5. ^ Cảnh Nguyên, Hồ Văn Sơn (tuyển chọn và biên soạn). Thơ Hồ Chí Minh. Nhà xuất bản Nghệ An. Vinh. 2005. trang 240-241. (in Vietnamese).

External links

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