Będzin
Będzin | |
---|---|
UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Postal code | 42-500 |
Area code | +48 32 |
Primary airport | Katowice Airport |
Car plates | SBE |
National roads | |
Voivodeship roads | |
Website | http://www.bedzin.pl |
Będzin (Polish:
It has been situated in the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999. Before 1999, it was located in the Katowice Voivodeship. Będzin is one of the cities of the 2.7 million conurbation - Katowice urban area and within a greater Upper Silesian-Moravian metropolitan area populated by about 5,294,000 people.[5] The population of the city itself as of December 2021 is 55,183.[3]
Będzin is located 12 km (7 mi) from
Districts
Będzin is divided into eight districts: Grodziec in 1951–1975 was a separate town, Gzichów is part of Będzin since 1915, Ksawera is part of Będzin since 1923, Łagisza in 1967–1973 was a separate town, Małobądz is part of Będzin since 1915, Śródmieście is the historic center, Warpie is part of Będzin since 1923.
Etymology
The name Będzin most probably comes from ancient Polish given name Beda or Bedzan. In the past, the town was also called Banden, Bandin, Bandzien, Bondin, Bandzen, Bandzin, Badzin, Bendzin, and Bendsburg (1939–1945).
History
First mention of the village of Będzin comes from 1301, but a settlement (or a
In the Jagiellonian period Będzin, located on the border between Lesser Poland and Silesia, was a major trade center. In 1565 King Sigismund II Augustus allowed the town to have five markets a week, and in 1589, at Będzin Castle, Polish–Austrian negotiations took place. At that time, a Jewish community already existed here. In 1655, during The Deluge, both town and castle were destroyed by the Swedes, and Będzin did not recover from the destruction for many years. Following the Third Partition of Poland, in 1795 the town was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia, and was included within the newly established province of New Silesia. In 1807 it was regained by Poles and included in the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw and in 1815 it became part of Russian-controlled Congress Poland.
Industrial revolution
In the late 18th century rich deposits of coal were found in the area. In the 19th century, Będzin and its vicinity enjoyed a period of rapid industrialization and urbanization. New settlements and towns were founded, and the region of Zagłębie Dąbrowskie was established in southwestern corner of Congress Poland. In 1858, Będzin got its first rail connection, due to construction of the Warsaw–Vienna railway. The town increased in population and size, when town limits were expanded by including neighboring settlements. During the January Uprising, in February 1863, Będzin was captured by Polish insurgents after their victory in the Battle of Sosnowiec nearby.[6]
The Będzin Power Station was opened in 1913.
Będzin was eventually restored to Poland, when the country regained independence in 1918, after World War I. In the Second Polish Republic Będzin was an important center of local administration and industry. New rail station, waterworks, schools and offices were built.
World War II
During the German
During the war the city was the base for a working party (E716) of British and Commonwealth
In August 1943, as the Germans attempted to round up the last Jews still in Będzin, Jewish resistance fighters staged an armed revolt that lasted several days. One of the leaders was a woman,
On January 27, 1945, the town was captured by the Red Army. Subsequently, the castle was rebuilt, now housing the Museum of Zagłębie. New districts with blocks of flats were built and new factories were opened, including the Łagisza Power Station.[citation needed]
Jewish community
Until World War II, Będzin had a
Transport
Będzin is conveniently located at the intersection of two national roads - the 94th (
Sports
The city's most notable sports club is volleyball team MKS Będzin, which competes in the PlusLiga (Poland's top division). Other clubs include association football teams Sarmacja Będzin and RKS Grodziec , which compete in the lower leagues, and American football team Zagłębie Steelers.
Notable people
- Yitzchok Zilberstein (born 1931), Rabbi and halakhist
- Hermann Nunberg (1884–1970), psychoanalyst and neurologist, assistant of Carl Jung, disciple of Sigmund Freud
- Isser (Birencwajg) Be'eri (1901–1958), Director of the Haganah Intelligence Service
- Joshua Prawer (1917–1990), Israeli historian, founder of the crusader studies
- Sam Pivnik (1926–2017), Holocaust survivor; writer of Survivor: Auschwitz, The Death March and My Fight for Freedom
- Rutka Laskier (1929–1943), diarist; Holocaust victim
- Saul Merin (1933–2012), ophthalmologist
- Janusz Gajos (born 1939), actor
- Grzegorz Dolniak (1960–2010), politician
- Andrzej Kubica (born 1972), footballer
- Monika Jarosińska (born 1974), actress and singer
- Rafał Sznajder (1972–2014), Olympic saber fencer
- Sigmund Strochlitz (1916–2006), American activist and Holocaust survivor
International relations
Twin towns - sister cities
- Basse-Ham, France
- Kaišiadorys, Lithuania
- Tatabánya, Hungary
Former twin towns:
- Izhevsk, Russia
In March 2022, Będzin terminated its partnership with the Russian city of Izhevsk as a response to the
References
- Notes
- ^ "Prezydent". bedzin.pl (in Polish). Miasto Będzin. Retrieved 2022-09-02.
- ^ a b "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland. Retrieved 2022-09-02. Category K1, group G441, subgroup P1410. Data for territorial unit 2401011.
- ^ a b "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland. Retrieved 2022-09-02. Category K3, group G7, subgroup P1336. Data for territorial unit 2401011.
- ^ "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland. Retrieved 2022-09-02. Category K3, group G7, subgroup P2425. Data for territorial unit 2401011.
- European Spatial Planning Observation Network (ESPON) "Project 1.4.3". Archived from the originalon 2009-07-28. Retrieved 2009-03-28.
- ^ Mateusz Załęski (29 January 2017). "Powstanie styczniowe w Zagłębiu. Sprawdź, jak Zagłębiacy zaskoczyli Imperium Rosyjskie". Twoje Zagłębie (in Polish). Retrieved 7 November 2020.
- ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. pp. 98, 124.
- ^ a b "Patriarcha Będzina". Niedziela.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 7 November 2020.
- ^ Wardzyńska, p. 119
- ^ Wardzyńska, p. 142
- ^ Lamsdorf: Stalag VIIIB 344 Prisoner of War Camp 1940–1945 - Home
- ^ "Lagischa". Memorial and Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
- ISBN 978-0-253-35599-7.
- ^ 'Bedzin Shows How Profoundly the Holocaust Still Affects Polish Society', Haaretz
- ^ Jewish Historical Institute community database "Jewish Historical Institute Education". Archived from the original on 2012-02-16. Retrieved 2012-02-16.
- ^ Dissonant Lives: Generations and Violence Through the German Dictatorships By Mary Fulbrook page 176
- ^ 'Bedzin Shows How Profoundly the Holocaust Still Affects Polish Society', Haaretz
- ^ "Miasta partnerskie". bedzin.pl (in Polish). Będzin. Archived from the original on 2020-02-19. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
- ^ "Będzin zerwał współpracę z rosyjskim Iżewskiem. Mieszkańcy i samorząd wspierają mocno ukraińskie miasto partnerskie - Obuchów" (in Polish). March 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- Bibliography
- Weiss, Ann (2005). The Last Album: Eyes from the Ashes of Auschwitz-Birkenau, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: ISBN 0-393-01670-6.
- Mary Fulbrook, A Small Town near Auschwitz: Ordinary Nazis and the Holocaust (Oxford University Press, 2012)