Bacillary dysentery

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Bacillary dysentery
SpecialtyInfectious diseases Edit this on Wikidata

Bacillary dysentery is a type of dysentery, and is a severe form of shigellosis. It is associated with species of bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae.[1] The term is usually restricted to Shigella infections.[2]

Shigellosis is caused by one of several types of Shigella

bacteria.[3] Three species are associated with bacillary dysentery: Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri and Shigella dysenteriae.[4] A study in China indicated that Shigella flexneri 2a was the most common serotype.[5]

Salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica (serovar Typhimurium) has also been described as a cause of bacillary dysentery,[citation needed] though this definition is less common. It is sometimes listed as an explicit differential diagnosis of bacillary dysentery, as opposed to a cause.[6]

Bacillary dysentery should not be confused with

mucosa
by the pathogen.

Presentation

Pathogenesis

Transmission is

hemolytic-uremic syndrome by damaging endothelial cells in the microvasculature of the colon and the glomeruli, respectively. In addition, chronic arthritis secondary to S. flexneri infection, called reactive arthritis, may be caused by a bacterial antigen; the occurrence of this syndrome is strongly linked to HLA-B27 genotype, but the immunologic basis of this reaction is not understood.[citation needed
]

Diagnosis

Specimen: Fresh stool is collected.

Culture: Specimen is inoculated on selective media like

E. coli
for 6–8 hours. Subculture is done on the solid media from selenite F broth. All the solid media are incubated at 37 degrees for 24 hours.

Cultural characteristics: Colorless (NLF) colonies appear on MacConkey's agar which are further confirmed by gram staining, hanging drop preparation and biochemical reactions.

Treatment

Dysentery is initially managed by maintaining fluid intake using

parasite and an antibiotic to treat any associated bacterial infection
.

Anyone with bloody diarrhea needs immediate medical help. Treatment often starts with an oral rehydrating solution—water mixed with salt and carbohydrates—to prevent dehydration. (Emergency relief services often distribute inexpensive packets of sugars and mineral salts that can be mixed with clean water and used to restore lifesaving fluids in dehydrated children gravely ill from dysentery.)

If Shigella is suspected and it is not too severe, the doctor may recommend letting it run its course—usually less than a week. The patient will be advised to replace fluids lost through diarrhea. If the infection is severe, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics, such as

Bactrim
). Unfortunately, many strains of Shigella are becoming resistant to common antibiotics, and effective medications are often in short supply in developing countries. If necessary, a doctor may have to reserve antibiotics for those at highest risk for death, including young children, people over 50, and anyone suffering from dehydration or malnutrition.

No vaccine is available. There are several Shigella

History

The bacterium causing shigellosis is named after Kiyoshi Shiga, a Japanese researcher who discovered it in 1897.

References

  1. ^ Dysentery,+Bacillary at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
  2. ^ "bacillary dysentery" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  3. PMID 16275786
    .
  4. ^ "WHO | Diarrhoeal Diseases". Archived from the original on 15 December 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
  5. PMID 16878230
    .
  6. ^ "Bacillary Dysentery". Archived from the original on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
  7. ^ "Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio, Campylobacter and Helicobacter". Archived from the original on 24 December 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
  8. PMID 16483695
    .

External links