Baeza, Spain

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Baeza
Municipality
Skyline, with the Cathedral at the centre.
Skyline, with the Cathedral at the centre.
Postal code
23440
WebsiteOfficial website
Part ofRenaissance Monumental Ensembles of Úbeda and Baeza
CriteriaCultural: (ii), (iv)
Reference522rev-002
Inscription2003 (27th Session)
Area4.8 ha (12 acres)
Buffer zone176 ha (430 acres)

Baeza

province of Jaén, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is part of the comarca of La Loma
. The present name was established in Roman times as Vivatia, then Biatia by the Visigoths, Bayyasa by the Moors from the 8th century onwards; until it became Baeza.

It is now principally famed for having some of the best-preserved examples of

World Heritage Sites in 2003. The former Visigothic bishopric of Baeza remains a Latin Catholic titular see
.

Geography

The town lies perched on a cliff in the range (the Loma de Úbeda) separating the

Guadalquivir River to its south from the Guadalimar to its north.[3]

History

The town stands at a high elevation about 3 miles (4.8 km) from the right bank of the

Visigoths, Beatia was the seat of a bishopric of Baeza (viz.). From the beginning of the seventh century it was conquered by several Arab and berber states during the Al-Andalus
period, being named Bayyasa.

The Christian diocese was reestablished in 1127 or 1147[

Alfonso VII of Castile, but it was then again reconquered by the Almohads. After the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, Ferdinand III of Castile in 1227 retook the city and gave it the Fuero de Cuenca
, a legislative body, to facilitate the new Castilian order and institutions.

For the rest of the middle ages, Baeza remained together with

Kingdom of Granada.[5]

The most important crops were those of cereal,[6] complemented by the likes of grapevines, olive, and almond.[7] Olive crops, far from the current-day olive monoculture, suffered from the mid-fifteenth century onward due to the cultivation of sumac.[6]

The diocese of Baeza was merged with

Roman Catholic Church.[8] With it, a University was founded as well, which shaped the cultural personality of the city over the following centuries. Also, two powerful families, Benavides and Carvajales, competed for power and determined the historical evolution of the city, which required the intervention of Isabel I of Castile
at the end of the fifteenth century.

By the early 16th century, the jurisdiction of Baeza extended beyond the city proper to the hamlets of Begíjar, Lupión, Ibros, Rus, Vílchez, Bailén, Baños, Linares and Castro.[7]

The sixteenth century was the golden era of Baeza (and nearby

Almeria railway was constructed nearby and town's population grew to 14,000 by 1900.[2]

Landmarks

Jabalquinto Palace

Baeza still houses several fine public buildings:

Transport

Baeza is 327 km (203 mi) south of

Granada (132 km or 82 mi) and Málaga (241 km or 150 mi) are the nearest international airports
.

Notable locals

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain

Baeza is

twinned
with:

Gallery

  • Palacio de Jabalquinto
    Palacio de Jabalquinto
  • Iglesia de la Santa Cruz
    Iglesia de la Santa Cruz
  • Iglesia de San Pablo
    Iglesia de San Pablo
  • Plaza del Pópulo
    Plaza del Pópulo
  • Fuente de Santa Maria
    Fuente de Santa Maria
  • Ayuntamiento
    Ayuntamiento
  • Council Seminary cloister, from Antonio Machado headquarter of International University of Andalusia
    Council Seminary cloister, from Antonio Machado headquarter of International University of Andalusia
  • Santa María fountain and cathedral of Baeza
    Santa María fountain and cathedral of Baeza

See also

References

Notes
  1. ^ Formerly also rendered as 'Baéza'[2] and 'Baeça'.
Citations
  1. ^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
  2. ^ a b c d e EB (1911).
  3. ^ "Paisaje de Úbeda y Baeza" (PDF). Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico. p. 5–6.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i EB (1878).
  5. ^ Argente del Castillo & Rodríguez Molina 1987, p. 324.
  6. ^ a b Argente del Castillo & Rodríguez Molina 1987, p. 328.
  7. ^ a b Argente del Castillo & Rodríguez Molina 1987, p. 327.
  8. ^ Annuario Pontificio (in Latin), 2013, p. 847
  9. Diócesis de Jaén
     (in Spanish). 14 May 2009. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  10. ^ "San Juan de Ávila, más de cerca en Baeza". Diario Jaén (in Spanish). 18 July 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  11. ^ Rodríguez Rebollo, Ángel. "Gaspar Becerra". Diccionario biográfico español (in Spanish). Real Academia de la Historia. Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  12. Dialnet
    .
  13. Universidad de Sevilla
    (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  14. Universidad Pablo de Olavide
    (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  15. ^ La Dépêche Du Midi. "Carcassonne se trouve une jumelle" (in French). Retrieved June 26, 2012.

Sources and external links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Baeza.

Bibliography

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