Baghlan Province

Coordinates: 36°N 69°E / 36°N 69°E / 36; 69
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Baghlan
بغلان
Dari
(Persian)

Baghlan (

Dari: بغلان, romanized: Baġlān) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is in the north of the country. As of 2020, the province has a population of about 1,014,634.[3]

Its capital is

Zoroastrian fire temple, the Surkh Kotal, are located in Baghlan. The lead nation of the local Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) was Hungary
, which operated from 2006 to 2015.

History

Further information: History of Afghanistan

Early history

The name Baghlan is derived from Bagolango or "image-temple", inscribed on the temple of Surkh Kotal during the reign of the Kushan emperor Kanishka in the early 2nd century CE. The Chinese Buddhist monk Xuanzang traveled through Baghlan in the mid-7th century CE, and referred to it as the "kingdom of Fo-kia-lang".[4]

In the 13th century CE, a permanent garrison of Mongol troops was quartered in the Kunduz-Baghlan area, and in 1253 fell under the jurisdiction of

Temür the Qara'unas were given to Chekü Barlas, and then to his son Jahānshāh. Beatrice Forbes Manz notes that these Kunduz-Baghlan forces appear to have remained cohesive and influential throughout the Timurid period, though under different leaders and different names, up until the Uzbek invasion.[when?][6] By the Islamic year 900 (1494–1495 CE), the area was noted in the Baburnama as ruled by a Qipchaq emir.[7]

20th century

In the mid-20th century, as Afghanistan became the target of international development from both the Western and Soviet world, agricultural-industrial projects were initiated in Baghlan. These included factories for the production of sugar from sugar beets (initiated by Czech experts in the 1940s[8]) and for vegetable oil.[9] Czech expertise also figured heavily into the development of Baghlans' coal-mining industry,[10] centred at Baghlan's Karkar Valley, the only coal mine in Afghanistan to remain operational up through 1992.[11]

The modern Baghlan Province was created out of the former Qataghan Province in 1964.[12]

During the Soviet–Afghan War, the Soviets in 1982 established the Kayan military zone in southern Baghlan. The area was defended by 10,000 Ismaili militiamen, increasing to 18,000 by 1992, who sided with the Soviets due to differences with the Islamist opposition.[13] Afghan Ismailis overall were inclined to support the Communists, though a local Ismaili leader, Sayed Manuchehr, lead a partisan movement against the Communists until Ismaili leader Sayed Mansur Naderi accepted Soviet support.[14]

Large portions of Baghlan and neighbouring

Sayeds (spiritual leaders) of Kayan. Under their jurisdiction, was largely quiet and societally functional throughout the 1980s, with hospitals, schools, and administrative services, funded by the communist central government. Despite the Naderi's alliance with the Communists, they also maintained positive relations with the Mujahideen as well, permitting them to move through the area provided they refrained from attacks.[15]

One of the Soviets' three primary bases in Afghanistan, Kiligai, was located in Baghlan Province, and served as the "largest military supply and armoury centre of the Soviet troops in Afghanistan."[16]

The capital of Baghlan province was officially transferred to the city of Puli Khumri from the central city of Baghlan. This transition occurred during the 1980s under the influence of

Dr. Najibullah, led by Sultan Ali Keshtmand, initially proposed this move through declaration number 492 on March 1, 1989. It was subsequently formalized by Dr. Najibullah through decree number 1603 on March 9, 1989.[18]

Recent history

Ismailis and Shia Hazaras, was unable to rally enough supporters to control the province. Naderi failed to retake the capital in 2001 and 2003, in the latter event he negotiated a power-sharing agreement with the dominant Andarabi militias and made the Ismaili bastion of the Kayan Valley his base.[19]

On 13 June 2012, two earthquakes hit Afghanistan and there was a major landslide in Burka District of Baghlan Province. The village of Sayi Hazara was buried under up to 30 meters of rock, killing an estimated 71 people.

On 13 April 2021, an official in Baghlan Province said a group of

better source needed
]

Claiming that the Taliban had not acted in the spirit of amnesty, the Public's Resistance Forces under Khair Muhammad Andarabi reportedly attacked Taliban fighters 20 August 2021 in several parts of Baghlan province, inflicting up to 60 Taliban killed or wounded. They claim to have captured Puli Hisar, Dih Salah and Banu districts, and are advancing on other Taliban-held districts.[21] Clashes were still reported in Baghlan province by January 2022.[22]

Warlord of Kayan

Sayed Jafar Naderi Warlord of Kayan

The

Jeff Naderi outside the borders of Afghanistan, is the son of Sayed Mansur Naderi, an influential political and religious figure. [23][24]The film won the Golden Gate Award at the San Francisco International Film Festival.[25][26]

The film was also was featured in the Sunday Times magazine and a picture of Sayed Jafar Naderi taken by Jeff B. Harmon during one of the filmmaking scenes, had gone on the magazine's front cover. Hard copies of magazine collected by Magazine Canteen are still available.[27]

Politics and governance

Further information: Politics of Afghanistan and List of governors of Baghlan

The town of

Ministry of the Interior in Kabul. The ANP is backed by the Afghan Armed Forces, and previously by NATO-led forces. Taj Mohammad Jahid has been the governor of the province since July 2020.[28]

Demographics

Languages

70% of people in Baghlan Province speak the Dari variety of Persian and 22% of people in Baghlan Province speak the Pashto language.[29]

Ethnic groups

According to the National Statistics Agency of Afghanistan, as of 2021, Tajiks and Hazaras (mostly Sunni Hazaras) make up the majority of the population, followed by Pashtuns and Uzbeks.[2][30]

These are the major tribes of Baghlan province: Hussainkhil (Pashtun), Ahmadzai (Pashtun), Gadi (Pashtun), Aimaq (Tajik) and Arab (Tajik).[29]

Baghlan is also home to a small community of

Sayeds of Kayan
.

Healthcare

Further information: Health in Afghanistan

The percentage of households with clean drinking water increased from 19% in 2005 to 25% in 2011.[31] The percentage of births attended to by a skilled birth attendant increased from 5.5% in 2005 to 22% in 2011.[31]

Education

Further information: Education in Afghanistan

The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) increased from 21% in 2005 to 24% in 2011.[31] The overall net enrolment rate (6–13 years of age) increased from 29% in 2005 to 62% in 2011.[31]

Economy

Further information: Economy of Afghanistan

Agriculture

Baghlan's primary crops (as of 1974) were cotton and sugar beets, industrial sugar production having begun under Czech supervision in the 1940s. The area also produced grapes, pistachios, and pomegranates. The primary livestock is Karakul sheep.[8]

Other products

The province also produces silk, and coal is mined in the Karkar Valley.[8][11]

Districts

Districts of Baghlan Province before 2005, when Kahmard District was moved to Bamyan Province, and the districts of Andarab and Khost Wa Fereng were subdivided.
Districts of Baghlan Province
District Capital Population[32] Area Pop.
density 		Notes
Andarab 28,830 807 36 Sunni Hazaras, Tajiks
Baghlani Jadid Baghlan 198,382 1,676 118 Pashtuns 50%, Tajiks 40%, Uzbeks 10%[33]
Burka 59,521 933 64 Uzbeks 60%, Tajiks 20%, Hazaras 10%, Pashtuns 10%[34]
Dahana-I-Ghuri 66,618 1,333 50 80% Pashtuns, 10% Hazaras, Uzbeks 10%
Dih Salah 36,137 633 57 Tajik, Sunni Hazaras, created in 2005 within Andarab District
Dushi 75,597 2,356 32 60% Sunni Hazaras, 39% Tajiks[35]
Farang Wa Gharu
 18,733 244 77 Tajiks, Sunni Hazaras, created in 2005 within
Khost Wa Fereng District
Guzargahi Nur 11,426 425 27 Tajiks, Sunni Hazaras, created in 2005 within
Khost Wa Fereng District
Khinjan 34,411 1,017 34 85% Tajik, 5% Hazara, 5% Pashtun, 5% other[36]
Khost Wa Fereng 71,345 1,898 38 90% Tajiks, 10% Hazaras, created in 2005
Khwaja Hijran 26,971 659 41 Tajiks, Sunni Hazaras, created in 2005 within Andarab District
Nahrin 78,438 998 79 Tajik 60%, Pashtun 35%, Uzbek 5%[37]
Puli Hisar 31,222 905 35 Tajiks, Sunni Hazaras, created in 2005 within Andarab District
Puli Khumri Puli Khumri 242,859 664 366 Tajiks 60%, Hazaras 20%, Pashtuns 13%, Uzbeks 7%[38]
Tala wa Barfak 34,144 2,525 14 70% Sunni Hazaras, 30% Tajik[39]
Baghlan 1,014,634 18,255 56 Tajiks, Hazaras, Pashtuns, Uzbeks, others.[note 1]
  1. ^ Note: "Predominantely" or "dominated" is interpreted as 99%, "majority" as 70%, "mixed" as 1/(number of ethnicities), "minority" as 30% and "few" or "some" as 1%.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "د نږدې شلو ولایاتو لپاره نوي والیان او امنیې قوماندانان وټاکل شول". 7 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2021-22" (PDF). National Statistic and Information Authority (NSIA). April 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  3. ^ "Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2020-21" (PDF). Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, National Statistics and Information Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  4. ^ Xuanzang. Record of the Western Regions. translated by Samuel Beal (1884) in Buddhist Records of the Western World, London: Trubner & Co. Ltd., 1884
  5. ISBN 9780521633840
    .
  6. ^ Manz 1999, p. 81
  7. ^ Manz 1999, p. 187
  8. ^
    ISBN 978-1-85109-402-8
    . Retrieved 18 June 2015.
  9. ^ "Asian Annual: The "Eastern World" Handbook". 1959. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
  10. ISBN 9781857431339
    .
  11. ^
    ISBN 9788787062442
    .
  12. ^ Bivar, A. D. H.; Balland, D.; de Planhol, X. (2011). "Baḡlān". In Ehsan Yarshater (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. III. The Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation (EIF). pp. 416–418. Archived from the original on 11 August 2017.
  13. ISBN 978-0-415-45308-0
    .
  14. ISBN 978-0-313-33089-6
    .
  15. ISBN 978-1-85065-932-7
    .
  16. ^ "Summary of World Broadcasts: Far East". 11 May 2009. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
  17. ^ Author: Hakimi, Aziz Ahmed. Title: Fighting for Patronage: American counterinsurgency and the Afghan Local Police. Publisher: University of London. Date: 23.07.2015. Access date: 04.04.2024.
  18. ^ Official Gadget of Ministry of Justice of Afghanistan Republic Government. (1989, July 6). Decree number 1603 of March 9, 1989 by Afghanistan President about transfer of Baghlan capital to Puli Khumri city and omission of Puli Khumri as a district in the administrative structure of the province. Retrieved April 5, 2024, from https://law.acku.edu.af/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/acku_risalah_knf2720_meem69_1368_n695_dari_title1.pdf
  19. ^ Giustozzi 2009, p. 118
  20. ^ "Afghan government forces killed 91 Taliban fighters". 13 April 2021. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  21. ^ India Today Web Desk (21 August 2021). "Resistance forces capture 3 districts in Afghanistan, several Taliban fighters killed: Report". India Today. New Delhi. Archived from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  22. ^ Pannier, Bruce (29 January 2022). "Taliban's Arrest Of Ethnic Uzbek Commander Sparks Clashes In Northern Afghanistan". Radio Free Europe. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  23. ^ "Warlord of Kayan". Journeyman Pictures Website. 19 October 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  24. ^ "From Allentown to the Afghan mountains, October 2001". The Morning Call (Pennsylvania). 28 October 2001.
  25. ^ "Warlord of Kayan: An Insightful Documentary on Afghanistan's History". Khaama Press. 7 June 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  26. ^ "Jeff B. Harmon - Air date 10-14-96 (Interview)". Harold Channer. 13 May 2007. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  27. ^ "THE SUNDAY TIMES MAGAZINE - SAYED JAFAR NADERI AFGHANISTAN". Magazine Canteen. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  28. ^ "Ghani appoints new governors for five provinces of Afghanistan". The Khaama Press News Agency. 7 July 2020. Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  29. ^ a b "Baghlan Development.pdf". 29 February 2024.
  30. ^ "Provincial Development Plan, Baghlan: Provincial Profile" (PDF). Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development, Government of Afghanistan. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 July 2009.
  31. ^ a b c d "Baghlan Province". NATO's Civil-Military Fusion Centre (CFC). Archived from the original on 31 May 2014.
  32. ^ "Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2021-22" (PDF). National Statistic and Information Authority (NSIA). April 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  33. ^ UNHCR Sub-Office Mazar-i-Sharif (9 April 2002). "District Profile: Baghlan Jadid" (PDF). Afghanistan Information Management Services. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 May 2005.
  34. ^ UNHCR Sub-Office Mazar-i-Sharif (9 April 2002). "District Profile: Burka" (PDF). Afghanistan Information Management Services. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  35. ^ {{Cite webUNHCR Sub-Office Mazar-i-Sharif (10 April 2002). "District Profile: Dushi" (PDF). Afghanistan Information Management Services. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 October 2005.
  36. ^ {{Cite webUNHCR Sub-Office Mazar-i-Sharif (9 April 2002). "District Profile: Khinjan" (PDF). Afghanistan Information Management Services. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2011.
  37. ^ {{Cite webUNHCR Sub-Office Mazar-i-Sharif (9 April 2002). "District Profile: Nahrin" (PDF). Afghanistan Information Management Services. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  38. ^ {{Cite webUNHCR Sub-Office Mazar-i-Sharif (9 April 2002). "District Profile: Pul-i-Khomri" (PDF). Afghanistan Information Management Services. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  39. ^ {{Cite webUNHCR Sub-Office Mazar-i-Sharif (9 April 2002). "District Profile: Tala-wa-Barfak" (PDF). Afghanistan Information Management Services. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2021.

External links

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