Baguio
Baguio | ||
---|---|---|
Nicknames: Summer Capital of the Philippines City of Pines | ||
Anthem: Baguio Hymn | ||
Location within the Philippines | ||
Coordinates: 16°24′43″N 120°35′36″E / 16.4119°N 120.5933°E | ||
Country | Philippines | |
Region | Cordillera Administrative Region | |
Province | Benguet (geographically only) | |
District | Lone district | |
Founded | 1900 | |
Incorporated | September 1, 1909 (city) | |
Highly urbanized city | December 22, 1979 | |
Barangays | 129
(see NP) | |
• City Council | Members | |
• BLISTT) | 1,094.79 km2 (422.70 sq mi) | |
Elevation | 1,450 m (4,760 ft) | |
Highest elevation | 1,667 m (5,469 ft) | |
Lowest elevation | 910 m (2,990 ft) | |
Population (2020 census)[4] | ||
• Highly urbanized city | 366,358 | |
• Density | 6,400/km2 (16,000/sq mi) | |
• Metro (BLISTT) | 644,589 | |
• Metro density | 3,100/km2 (8,000/sq mi) | |
• Households | 100,220 | |
Economy | ||
• Gross domestic product | ₱139,174 million (2021)[5] $2,762 million (2021) ZIP code 2600 | |
PSGC | ||
IDD : area code | +63 (0)74 | |
Native languages | Kankanaey Ibaloi Ilocano Tagalog | |
Website | www |
Baguio (UK: /ˈbæɡioʊ/ BAG-ee-oh, US: /ˈbɑːɡiˈoʊ/ BAH-ghee-oh, -OH, Tagalog: [ˈbagjɔ]), officially the City of Baguio (Ibaloi: Siudad ne Bagiw; Ilocano: Siudad ti Baguio; Tagalog: Lungsod ng Baguio), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Philippines. It is known as the "Summer Capital of the Philippines", owing to its cool climate since the city is located approximately 4,810 feet (1,470 meters) above mean sea level, often cited as 1,540 meters (5,050 feet) in the Luzon tropical pine forests ecoregion, which also makes it conducive for the growth of mossy plants, orchids and pine trees, to which it attributes its other moniker as the "City of Pines".[8]
Baguio was established as a hill station by the United States in 1900 at the site of an Ibaloi village known as Kafagway. It was the United States' only hill station in Asia.[9]
Baguio is classified as a highly urbanized city (HUC). It is geographically located within Benguet, serving as the provincial capital from 1901 to 1916,[10] but has since been administered independently from the province following its conversion into a chartered city. The city is the center of business, commerce, and education in northern Luzon, as well as the seat of government of the Cordillera Administrative Region.[11] According to the 2020 census, Baguio has a population of 366,358.[4]
Etymology
Baguio was called Kafagway by indigenous peoples. The name Baguio originated in the American period and is derived from the Ibaloi word bagiw (moss), which was then Hispanicized as Baguio.[12] A demonym for natives of the city, Ibagiw, is also derived from it. It is also the name for the city's annual arts festival.[13][14]
History
Ibaloi town of Kafagway
Baguio used to be a vast mountain zone with lush highland forests, teeming with various wildlife such as the indigenous deer, cloud rats, Philippine eagles, Philippine warty pigs, and numerous species of flora. The area was a hunting ground of the indigenous peoples, notably the Ibalois and other Igorot ethnic groups. When the Spanish arrived in the Philippines, the area was never fully subjugated by Spain due to the intensive defense tactics of the indigenous Igorots of the Cordilleras.[15]
Igorot oral history states the Benguet upper class, baknang, was founded between 1565 and the early 1600s, by the marriage of a gold trader, Amkidit, and a Kankanay maiden gold panning in Acupan. Their son, Baruy, discovered a gold deposit in the area, which he developed with hired workers and slaves.[15]
In 1755, the Augustinian Fray Pedro de Vivar established a mission in Tonglo (Tongdo) outside Baguio. Before he was driven out the following year, this rancheria included 220 people, including several baknang families. The Spanish tried to regain the mission in 1759, but were ambushed. This prompted the Governor General Pedro Manuel de Arandía Santisteban to send Don Manuel Arza de Urrutia on a punitive expedition, which resulted in the mission being burned to the ground.[15]: 477–478
Spanish rule
During
First Philippine Republic
During the Philippine Revolution in July 1899, Filipino revolutionary forces under Pedro Paterno liberated La Trinidad from the Spaniards and took over the government, proclaiming Benguet as a province of the new Philippine Republic. Baguio was converted into a "town", with Mateo Cariño being the presidente (mayor).[10][17]
American rule
When the United States occupied the Philippines after the
In 1903,
The Mansion, built in 1908, served as the official residence of the American Governor-General during the summer to escape Manila's heat. The Mansion was designed by architect William E. Parsons based on preliminary plans by architect Daniel Burnham.[23]
Burnham, one of the earliest successful modern city planners, designed the mountain retreat following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement. In 1904, the rest of the city was planned out by Burnham. On September 1, 1909, Baguio was declared as a chartered city and nicknamed the "Summer Capital of the Philippines".[24]
The succeeding period saw further developments of and in Baguio with the construction of Wright Park in honor of Governor-General Luke Edward Wright, Burnham Park in honor of Burnham, Governor Pack Road, and Session Road.[25]
World War II
Prior to
On December 8, 1941, 17 Japanese bombers attacked Camp John Hay,[27]: 291 as part of the first Japanese air raid on Luzon.[28] Baguio was declared an open city in December 27.[29]
Following the
President José P. Laurel of the Second Philippine Republic, a puppet state established in 1943, departed the city on March 22 and reached Taiwan eight days later, on March 30.[33] The remainder of the Second Republic government, along with Japanese civilians, were ordered to evacuate Baguio on March 30. General Tomoyuki Yamashita and his staff then relocated to Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya.[34]
By late March 1945, Baguio was within range of the American and Filipino military artillery.[33] Between March 4 and 10, United States Fifth Air Force planes dropped 933 tons of bombs and 1,185 gallons of napalm on Baguio, reducing much of the city to rubble.[35] A major offensive to capture Baguio did not occur until April 1945, when the USAFIP-NL's 1st Battalion of the 66th Infantry, attached with the United States Army's 37th Infantry Division, the USAFIP-NL's 2nd Battalion of 66th Infantry, attached with the US 33rd Infantry Division, and the USAFIP-NL's 3rd Battalion of the 66th Infantry, converged on Baguio. By April 27, 1945, the city was liberated and the joint force proceeded to liberate the La Trinidad valley.[27]
In September 1945, the Japanese forces in the Philippines, headed by General Yamashita and Vice Admiral Okochi, formally surrendered at Camp John Hay's American Residence in the presence of lieutenant generals Arthur Percival and Jonathan Wainwright.[36]
Post-World War II recovery
With the end of World War II, Baguio recovered quickly, earning a significant reputation as a tourism venue and earning significantly fro tourism even though it ceased to be the official "Summer Capital of the Philippines" in 1976.[37]
During the 1986 People Power Revolution
In the wake of the
Creation of the Cordillera Administrative Region
On July 15, 1987, President
1990 Luzon Earthquake and aftermath
The 1990 Luzon earthquake (Ms = 7.7) destroyed some parts of Baguio and the surrounding province of Benguet on the afternoon of July 16, 1990.[43] A significant number of buildings and infrastructure were damaged, including the Hyatt Terraces Plaza, Nevada Hotel, Baguio Park Hotel, FRB Hotel and Baguio Hilltop Hotel; major highways were temporarily blocked due to landslides and pavement breakup; and a number of houses were leveled or severely shaken with numerous casualties.[44] Some of the fallen buildings were built on or near fault lines; local architects later admitted structural building codes should have been followed more religiously, particularly regarding concrete and rebar standards, and "soft stories." Baguio has been rebuilt with aid from the national government and international donors such as Japan, Singapore and the United States.[citation needed]
Geography
Baguio is a highland city nestled within the Cordillera Central mountain range in northern Luzon. While the downtown core ranges from 1400 to 1500 meters above sea level, elevations within Baguio's administrative boundaries extend from about 900 meters (along the Bued River) to almost 1,700 metres (5,600 ft) (around the Busol watershed). Mountain peaks on the outskirts of Baguio reach over 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) above sea level, the highest being Mount Santo Tomas in Tuba.[45]
Enclosed by the province of Benguet,[24] the city covers a small area of 57.5 square kilometres (22.2 sq mi). Most of the developed part of the city is built on uneven, hilly terrain of the northern section. When Daniel Burnham drew plans for the city, he made the City Hall a reference point where the city limits extend 8.2 kilometres (5.1 mi) from east to west and 7.2 kilometres (4.5 mi) from north to south.[24]
Barangays
Baguio is composed of 129
- A. Bonifacio-Caguioa-Rimando (ABCR)
- Abanao-Zandueta-Kayong-Chugum-Otek (AZKCO)
- Alfonso Tabora
- Ambiong
- Andres Bonifacio (Lower Bokawkan)
- Apugan-Loakan
- Asin Road
- Atok Trail
- Aurora Hill Proper (Malvar-Sgt. Floresca)
- Aurora Hill, North Central
- Aurora Hill, South Central
- Bagong Lipunan (Market Area)
- Bakakeng Central
- Bakakeng North
- Bal-Marcoville (Marcoville)
- Balsigan
- Bayan Park East
- Bayan Park Village
- Bayan Park West (Bayan Park, Leonila Hill)
- BGH Compound
- Brookside
- Brookspoint
- Cabinet Hill-Teacher's Camp
- Camdas Subdivision
- Camp 7
- Camp 8
- Camp Allen
- Campo Filipino
- City Camp Central
- City Camp Proper
- Country Club Village
- Cresencia Village
- Dagsian, Lower
- Dagsian, Upper
- Dizon Subdivision
- Dominican Hill-Mirador
- Dontogan
- DPS Compound
- Engineers' Hill
- Fairview Village
- Ferdinand (Happy Homes-Campo Sioco)
- Fort del Pilar
- Gabriela Silang
- General Emilio F. Aguinaldo (Quirino‑Magsaysay, Lower)
- General Luna, Upper
- General Luna, Lower
- Gibraltar
- Greenwater Village
- Guisad Central
- Guisad Sorong
- Happy Hollow
- Happy Homes (Happy Homes-Lucban)
- Harrison-Claudio Carantes
- Hillside
- Holy Ghost Extension
- Holy Ghost Proper
- Honeymoon (Honeymoon-Holy Ghost)
- Imelda R. Marcos (La Salle)
- Imelda Village
- Irisan
- Kabayanihan
- Kagitingan
- Kayang Extension
- Kayang-Hilltop
- Kias
- Legarda-Burnham-Kisad
- Liwanag-Loakan
- Loakan Proper
- Lopez Jaena
- Lourdes Subdivision Extension
- Lourdes Subdivision, Lower
- Lourdes Subdivision, Proper
- Lualhati
- Lucnab
- Magsaysay Private Road
- Magsaysay, Lower
- Magsaysay, Upper
- Malcolm Square-Perfecto (Jose Abad Santos)
- Manuel A. Roxas
- Market Subdivision, Upper
- Middle Quezon Hill Subdivision (Quezon Hill Middle)
- Military Cut-off
- Mines View Park
- Modern Site, East
- Modern Site, West
- MRR-Queen of Peace
- New Lucban
- Outlook Drive
- Pacdal
- Padre Burgos
- Padre Zamora
- Palma-Urbano (Cariño-Palma)
- Phil-Am
- Pinget
- Pinsao Pilot Project
- Pinsao Proper
- Poliwes
- Pucsusan
- Quezon Hill Proper
- Quezon Hill, Upper
- Quirino Hill, East
- Quirino Hill, Lower
- Quirino Hill, Middle
- Quirino Hill, West
- Quirino-Magsaysay, Upper (Upper QM)
- Rizal Monument Area
- Rock Quarry, Lower
- Rock Quarry, Middle
- Rock Quarry, Upper
- Saint Joseph Village
- Salud Mitra
- San Antonio Village
- San Luis Village
- San Roque Village
- San Vicente
- Sanitary Camp, North
- Sanitary Camp, South
- Santa Escolastica
- Santo Rosario
- Santo Tomas Proper
- Santo Tomas School Area
- Scout Barrio
- Session Road Area
- Slaughter House Area (Santo Niño Slaughter)
- SLU-SVP Housing Village
- South Drive
- Teodora Alonzo
- Trancoville
- Victoria Village
Proposed merger of barangays
A proposed merging of the city's 129 barangays had not been implemented since its inception in 2000. Several local officials stressed that many of the city's barangays did not comply with the minimum requirements in the
Climate
Climate data for Baguio (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1909–2021) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 28.4 (83.1) |
28.7 (83.7) |
30.4 (86.7) |
30.0 (86.0) |
29.4 (84.9) |
28.7 (83.7) |
27.9 (82.2) |
27.7 (81.9) |
28.0 (82.4) |
27.7 (81.9) |
28.2 (82.8) |
28.2 (82.8) |
30.4 (86.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 23.1 (73.6) |
23.7 (74.7) |
24.8 (76.6) |
25.5 (77.9) |
24.7 (76.5) |
24.3 (75.7) |
23.1 (73.6) |
22.3 (72.1) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.9 (75.0) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.8 (74.8) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 18.1 (64.6) |
18.5 (65.3) |
19.7 (67.5) |
20.7 (69.3) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.4 (68.7) |
19.6 (67.3) |
19.3 (66.7) |
19.6 (67.3) |
19.6 (67.3) |
19.5 (67.1) |
18.8 (65.8) |
19.5 (67.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.0 (55.4) |
13.4 (56.1) |
14.5 (58.1) |
15.9 (60.6) |
16.4 (61.5) |
16.5 (61.7) |
16.2 (61.2) |
16.2 (61.2) |
16.1 (61.0) |
15.6 (60.1) |
15.1 (59.2) |
14.1 (57.4) |
15.2 (59.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | 6.3 (43.3) |
6.7 (44.1) |
7.4 (45.3) |
10.0 (50.0) |
12.0 (53.6) |
13.3 (55.9) |
12.5 (54.5) |
12.8 (55.0) |
12.6 (54.7) |
11.3 (52.3) |
9.2 (48.6) |
7.6 (45.7) |
6.3 (43.3) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 16.4 (0.65) |
23.7 (0.93) |
50.5 (1.99) |
99.5 (3.92) |
340.0 (13.39) |
406.1 (15.99) |
772.7 (30.42) |
963.2 (37.92) |
537.3 (21.15) |
477.3 (18.79) |
96.1 (3.78) |
41.6 (1.64) |
3,824.4 (150.57) |
Average rainy days (≥ 1 mm) | 3 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 18 | 19 | 24 | 25 | 22 | 13 | 7 | 5 | 152 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
85 | 85 | 84 | 85 | 88 | 90 | 92 | 93 | 92 | 90 | 86 | 85 | 88 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 226.5 | 228.0 | 242.6 | 254.9 | 224.9 | 206.3 | 168.0 | 145.5 | 178.9 | 232.2 | 223.2 | 210.9 | 2,541.8 |
Percent possible sunshine | 66 | 71 | 66 | 69 | 57 | 53 | 42 | 37 | 49 | 65 | 66 | 62 | 58 |
Source 1: | |||||||||||||
Source 2: DWD (sunshine 1978-2022)[51][52] |
As a city with varying terrain, Baguio features a
Precipitation
Like many other cities with a
Environment
Pollution
Baguio suffers from
Another problem that plagues Baguio is its garbage and waste disposal. The city has been dumping its garbage in a
Landscape
Baguio is also a planned city. American Architect and Urban Planner Daniel Burnham was commissioned to design the new capital; his design for the city was based on the City Beautiful movement,[65] which features broad streets and avenues radiating out from rectangles.
During the Second World War, Baguio was razed to the ground during the Japanese forces' invasion and the subsequent shelling by American forces during the liberation.[66] After the liberation, rebuilding began and most of the historical buildings were thoroughly reconstructed. However, some of the historic buildings from the 19th century that had been preserved in reasonably reconstructible form were nonetheless eradicated or otherwise left to deteriorate.[citation needed] The 1990 Luzon earthquake further devastated Baguio's old buildings, which include 28 collapsed buildings such as hotels, factories, government and university buildings, and many private homes and establishments.[67]
Baguio's current landscape is mostly of contemporary architecture.[citation needed]
Architecture
Baguio's contemporary architecture is largely of American build,[citation needed] owing to the fact that Americans were the ones to establish a station here. A few examples include those built at Teacher's Camp and Camp John Hay, previous American installations in the city as well as the current Baguio City Hall. Some buildings are also influenced by Spanish building concepts, such as Porta Vaga Mall and La Azotea.[citation needed] One of the more modern buildings in the city is SM City Baguio, established in 2003.[68]
Moves by various groups with the goal to preserve these buildings have been made.[69][70] As a historic building, the Baguio City Hall has faced opposition to renovation of its grounds, since that may be against laws on national cultural heritage sites;[71] the renovations, however, continued as there has been no documentation supporting the City Hall as a national heritage site.[72] The construction of the City Hall park was finished in May 2019 as was said to define the city's new moniker as a creative center for crafts and folk arts.[73]
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1918 | 5,464 | — |
1939 | 24,117 | +7.33% |
1948 | 29,262 | +2.17% |
1960 | 50,436 | +4.64% |
1970 | 84,538 | +5.29% |
1975 | 97,449 | +2.89% |
1980 | 119,009 | +4.08% |
1990 | 183,142 | +4.41% |
1995 | 226,883 | +4.09% |
2000 | 252,386 | +2.31% |
2007 | 301,926 | +2.50% |
2010 | 318,676 | +1.98% |
2015 | 345,366 | +1.54% |
2020 | 366,358 | +1.17% |
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[74][75][76][77] |
The original inhabitants of Baguio are the
The city's population as of May 2000 was placed at 250,000 persons. The city has a very young age structure as 65.5 percent of its total population is below thirty years old. Females comprise 51.3 percent of the population as against 48.7 percent for males. The household population comprises 98 percent of the total population, or 245,000 persons. With an average of 4.6 members per household, a total of 53,261 households are gleaned. During the peak of the annual tourist influx, particularly during the Lenten period, transients triple the population.[24]
Crime
Crime in Baguio is concentrated in theft and vehicular accidents. Crime in the city is also directly related to its changing demographics and unique criminal justice system. The illegal drug trade is also a problem of the city as 24 of its 129 barangays are considered as drug affected as of December 2017.[78]
In 2018, Baguio was listed as one of the safest cities both in the ASEAN region, ranking sixth with a crime index of 40.57 and safety index of 59.43. The Baguio City Police Office also has the highest crime solution efficiency nationwide of 84%, compared to the national 77% and the region's 70%.[78] In May 2019 BCPO also reported a drop of 27% in crimes, from 1,150 in 2018 to 834 in 2019. The BCPO was awarded as the country's best city police station in 2018.[79]
Religion
Baguio is a predominantly
As of 2015,
Economy
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
As a melting pot of different peoples and cultures in the Cordillera Administrative Region, numerous investments and business opportunities are lured to Baguio.[24] Baguio has a large retail industry, with shoppers coming to the city to take advantage of the diversity of competitively priced commercial products on sale.[89] The city is also popular with bargain hunters;[90] some of the most popular bargaining areas include Baguio Market and Maharlika Livelihood Center.[citation needed] The city is home to numerous shopping centers and malls catering to increasing commercial and tourist activity;[91] these include: SM City Baguio, Baguio Center Mall, Abanao Square, and Tiong San.[92]
Various food and retail businesses run by local residents proliferate, forming a key part of Baguio's cultural landscape. Several retail outlets and dining outlets are situated along Bonifacio Street, Session Road, Teacher's Camp, Mines View Park and Baguio Fastfood Center near the market.[citation needed]
The areas of
Another key source of income for Baguio is its position as the economic hub of the Cordillera Administrative Region.[95] The economy of the city has benefited from the vibrant mining industry in several towns of Benguet.[96] Many agricultural goods produced in Benguet pass through Baguio for processing, sale or further distribution to the lowlands.[97]
Industrial
Baguio is one of the Philippines' most profitable and best investment areas.[98][99]
A
Outsourcing
Outsourcing contributes to the city's economy and employment.
In recent years, there has been a surge of ESL (
Culture
Arts and museums
The city became a haven for many Filipino artists in the 1970s–1990s. Drawn by the cool climate and low cost of living, artists such as
Baguio has been included in UNESCO's Creative Cities Network due to craft and folk art traditions of the city particularly ranging on expressions to wood carving, silver craft, traditional weaving and tattooing.[107] Baguio is the first city in the Philippines to be part of the inter-city network which aims to promote the creative industries as well as integrate culture in sustainable urban development.[108]
Languages
The languages commonly spoken in Baguio are Ibaloi, Kankana-ey, Ilocano, Tagalog, and Pangasinan. Kapampangan, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Maranao, Maguindanaon and Tausug are also spoken to varying degrees by their respective ethnic communities within the city.[109]
Festivals and holidays
The annual flower festival, called the Panagbenga Festival, is held every February; it was created to highlight the city's flowers and cool temperature and as a way to rise up from the devastation of the 1990 Luzon earthquake. The festival includes floats covered mostly with flowers;[110] it also includes street dancing, presented by dancers clad in flower-inspired costumes inspired by the Bendian, an Ibaloi dance of celebration. The indigenous people were initially wary with government-led tourism due to a perceived threat that the government would interfere with or change their communities' rituals.[111]
Baguio celebrates its city charter anniversary every September 1, which has been declared as a special non-working holiday in 1989 through Republic Act 6710.[112]
Tourism
Tourism is one of Baguio's main industries due to its cool climate and history. The city is one of the country's top tourist destinations. During the year end holidays some people from the lowlands prefer spending their vacation in Baguio, to experience cold temperatures they rarely have in their home provinces. Also, during summer, especially during Holy Week, tourists from all over the country flock to the city. During this time, the total number of people in the city doubles.[113] To accommodate visitors, there are more than 80 hotels and inns available, as well as numerous transient houses set up by the locals.[114] Local festivities such as the Panagbenga Festival also attracts both local and foreign tourists.[115]
Baguio is the lone Philippine destination in the 2011
Government
Local government
As a highly urbanized city with its own charter, it is not subject to the jurisdiction of Benguet province, of which it was formerly a part.
The City of Baguio is led by its own mayor and vice mayor. The vice mayor leads the city council, composed of 12 elected councilors and 3 ex-officio members (the ABC President, SK President, and IPMR of the city). The City Government holds office at the Baguio City Hall.[118]
The 129 barangays are led by their own captains assisted by a 7-man barangay council.[119]
These officials are term-limited by up to 3 consecutive terms, with each term lasting for 3 years.
Elected officials
The city's government's composition as of June 30, 2022[120] [121] [122] [123]
Position | Name | Year elected | Term no. |
---|---|---|---|
Congressman | Marquez O. Go | 2016 | 3 |
Mayor | Benjamin B. Magalong | 2019 | 2 |
Vice Mayor | Faustino A. Olowan | 2019 | 2 |
Councilor | Benny O. Bomogao | 2016 | 3 |
Jose M. Molintas | 2022 | 1 | |
Arthur L. Allad-iw | 2016 | 3 | |
Betty Lourdes F. Tabanda | 2019 | 2 | |
Leandro B. Yañgot Jr. | 2022 | 1 | |
Isabelo B. Cosalan Jr. | 2019 | 2 | |
Maria Mylen Victoria G. Yaranon | 2016 | 3 | |
Elmer O. Datuin | 2022 | 1 | |
Peter C. Fianza | 2022 | 1 | |
Vladimir D. Cayabas | 2019 | 2 | |
Fred L. Bagbagen | 2019 | 2 | |
Lilia A. Fariñas | 2016 | 3 | |
Councilor (ex-officio member) ABC President |
Rocky M. Aliping | 2024 | 1 |
Councilor (ex-officio member) SK President |
John Rhey L. Mananeng | 2023 | 1 |
Councilor (ex-officio member) Indigenous People's Mandatory Representative (IPMR) |
Maximo H. Edwin Jr. | 2023 | 1 |
Congress representation
It is represented in the House of Representatives by its own congressman, the city itself a lone district, separate from the province of Benguet. Currently, the city is represented by
Summer residences
The city hosts the summer residences of the President, Vice President, Senate President and House Speaker at Barangay Lualhati, while the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals and the Cabinet Secretaries cottages are housed at Cabinet Hill.[124] The Supreme Court and Court of Appeals hold summer sessions in the city, usually during the month of April.[125]
Sports
Baguio has hosted several sporting events, even those of international standing. The
In recent years, Baguio has been racking up titles and medals in the field of Mixed Martial Arts led by Team Lakay.[129][130]
Infrastructure
Transportation
Air
The airport is located south of the city center. Due to the limited length of the runway, being only 1,802 m (5,912 ft) long, it is restricted to commuter size aircraft. The airport is used primarily by helicopters, turbo-prop and piston engine aircraft, although on rare occasions light business jets (LBJ) have flown into the airport.
Land
From Metro Manila, Baguio is accessible via
- Kennon Road starts in Rosario, La Union and winds upwards through a narrow, steep valley. This is often the fastest route to Baguio but it is particularly perilous,[134] with landslides during the rainy season and sharp dropoffs, some without guardrails. The recently passed Republic Act No. 11604 pushes for the full rehabilitation of Kennon Road as an all-weather highway.
- Aspiras-Palispis Highway starts in provinces.
- Asin-Tubao Road starts in
- Naguilian Road, which starts in
The
Another road, Halsema Highway, (also known as the Baguio-Bontoc Road or the Mountain Trail) leads north through the mountainous portion of the provinces of Benguet and Mountain Province;[141] it starts at the northern border of Baguio with La Trinidad.[142]
HoHo Bus
In an effort to address traffic congestion and the lack of car parking at tourist spots in the city, Baguio operates a free bus shuttle service called the Hop On, Hop Off (HoHo) Tourist Bus. Through a park and ride scheme, the service encourages tourists with private vehicles to park their vehicles at the Baguio Convention Center (BCC) for a fee and ride the bus to various tourists sites free of charge.[143] Relaunched on July 15, 2022, the HoHo bus has scheduled departure and arrival times, operating a looped route between the BCC, the Baguio Botanical Garden, the Mansion House, Mines View Park, Wright Park, and Governor Pack Road. The bus service has an estimated waiting interval of 30 minutes and is operational from 8:30 AM to 6:20 PM daily.[144]
All times are in Philippine Standard Time (UTC+08:00).
Destination | First trip | Last trip | Location | |
---|---|---|---|---|
BCC | 8:30 AM | 4:30 PM | Military Cut-off | Baguio |
Botanical Garden | 9:05 AM | 5:05 PM | Saint Joseph Village | |
The Mansion | 9:25 AM | 5:25 PM | Lualhati | |
Mines View Park | 9:50 AM | 5:50 PM | Mines View Park | |
Wright Park | 10:20 AM | 6:20 PM | Lualhati | |
Governor Pack Road | — | — | Session Road Area | |
Stops, stations and transit systems in italics are either under construction or proposed. |
Possible future modes
- Cable Cars - As of July 8, 2019, Secretary Tugade of the Department of Transportation said that the feasibility study for the installation of the cable cars in Manila may be finished within the year, with Baguio soon to follow.[145] The Philippine government earlier secured a P27 million grant from France for this venture, with Manila and Baguio seen as possible initial sites.[146]
- Monorail - A monorail project from Baguio to La Trinidad is being mulled over by the SSS as a possible investment in CAR. It is seen to further boost tourism and decongest traffic. The project is similar to the one installed by the Department of Science and Technology at the UP Campus in 2012.[147]
Water and electricity
Most of the water supply of the city is provided for by the Baguio Water District, founded in 1975 as the successor to the now-defunct Department of Public Services. It currently operates 60 deep wells to cater to its more than 300,000 consumers. It currently serves 122 out of the 129 barangays in the city and some parts of Tuba, Benguet.[148][149] In recent years, the BWD has expressed concern over the city's depleting water supply, due in part to the private wells dug by private individuals and companies.[149]
Electric services are provided by
The city is also the only local government unit to own and operate its own renewable energy plant. Originally constructed in the 1920s, the Asin Mini Hydropower Plants 1, 2 and 3 located in Tuba, Benguet came under the city's possession after the lapse of the 25-year lease agreement with the Aboitiz-owned Hydroelectric Development Corporation (HEDCOR). The plant acted as both a power source and another income-generating asset of the city as BENECO was also its main client. The power plant however was forced to cease operation on 2015 when the Energy Regulatory Commission issued a
Healthcare
Baguio's healthcare is mainly provided by various private corporations. Private hospitals operating in the city are the Baguio Medical Center, BCU-Santo Niño de Jesus Medical Center Foundation, Notre Dame de Chartres Hospital, Pines City Doctors' Hospital and Saint Louis University's Hospital of Sacred Heart. The BCU-Santo Niño de Jesus Medical Center Foundation ceased operations on 2009 due to financial reasons but was reopened during the COVID-19 pandemic with the local government refurbishing it as an isolation center for COVID-19 patients.[155][156][157] In early 2019, several groups were eyeing to establish a hospital in Barangay Scout Barrio, but was met with opposition; as of March 2019, the project has been shelved.[158][159][160]
The Baguio City Health Services Office is the office responsible for the health care programs provided by the city government, operating 16 health centers and 15 satellite clinics. Baguio hosts the
Education
Education is a major contributor to the economy of Baguio. Considered as the "Educational Center of the North", the city has a transient student population who migrate to the city to attend tertiary education.[163]
Baguio is the center of education in the Northern Philippines due to high performances in various professional licensure exams as well as adherence to high educational quality standards, housing some of the prestigious and largest universities in Northern Luzon.[164]
Elementary and secondary
The city has 45 public elementary schools and 21 public secondary schools. Most of its secondary private schools are divisions of the private universities of the city. The Philippine Science High School - CAR campus was established in the city in 2009 and is located in Irisan. In 2016, the city government established in Irisan the Baguio City Science High School to create a unified science high school campus.[165]
Universities
The city houses eight major institutions of higher education. Baguio's first private school, Easter College, was set up in 1906 by the Rt. Rev. Charles Brent, who was a bishop of the Episcopalian Church.[166][167]
The University of the Philippines, the country's premier state university, was established as an extension campus in Vigan, Ilocos Sur before transferring to Baguio in 1938.[168] In 1961, it became a branch campus of UP Diliman, before finally becoming UP Baguio in 2002.[169]
Baguio Central University was founded in 1945 as the Centro Academy by the Fernandez family.[172] The following year, another educational institution, the University of the Cordilleras was established as the Baguio Colleges before becoming the Baguio Colleges Foundation; it became a full-fledged university in 2003.[173] The University of Baguio was established as the Baguio Technical and Commercial Institute in 1948 by the Bautista family; it was upgraded to university status in 1969.[174]
Mainly a nursing and medical school, Pines City Colleges was founded in 1969 as the Pines City Doctors Hospital School of Nursing, three years after the opening of Pines City Doctors' Hospital in 1966.[citation needed]
The Philippine Military Academy, the country's military school, was originally founded in the Walled City of Intramuros in 1907 before relocating to Baguio in 1908.[175]
Notable people
Twin towns and sister cities
Local
- Angeles City[176]
- Alaminos, Pangasinan[176]
- Bacolod[176]
- Calbayog, Samar[176]
- Candon[177]
- Daet, Camarines Norte[176]
- Davao City[176]
- Dipaculao, Aurora[176]
- Lopez, Quezon[176]
- Lucena[176]
- Makati[176]
- Mandaue[176]
- Marawi, Lanao del Sur[176]
- Muñoz, Nueva Ecija[176]
- Ormoc, Leyte[176]
- Pavia, Iloilo[176]
- San Carlos, Negros Occidental[176]
- Zamboanga City[176]
International
- Cusco, Peru[176]
- Gongju, South Korea[176]
- Hangzhou, China[176]
- Hanyū, Saitama, Japan[176]
- Honolulu, Hawaii, United States[178]
- Karuizawa, Nagano, Japan[176]
- Nazareth, Israel[179]
- Vaughan, Canada[176]
- Seoul, South Korea[176]
- San Antonio, United States[180]
- Shepparton, Australia[176]
- Taebaek, South Korea[176]
- Tamuning, Guam, United States[176]
- Taxco, Mexico[176]
- Vallejo, California, United States[181]
- Wakkanai, Hokkaido, Japan[176]
See also
- Capital of the Philippines
- Daniel Burnham
- Hill station
- Kennon Road
- La Trinidad
- Sagada
- Banaue
- Session Road
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BAYOMBONG, Nueva Vizcaya – Novo Vizcayanos can now look forward to reaching the country's summer capital in a few hours as the shortest route linking this landlocked province to the mountain city is expected to be completed by the end of this year. ... The new route will traverse the mountain highway from Aritao, Nueva Vizcaya to Baguio via the vegetable-rich upland town of Kayapa and the majestic Ambuklao Dam in Bokod, Benguet.
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